U形CFRP条带混锚加固混凝土梁抗剪试验

为解决纯粘贴U形纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（FRP）加固钢筋混凝土梁中FRP端部容易发生剥离破坏等问题,自主研发了对纤维布条带端部进行自锁锚固的方法和锚板,提出了端锚与粘贴并用的混锚U形条带抗剪加固方法。通过2根未加固梁、1根纯粘贴和2根混锚U形碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）带抗剪加固梁的对比试验,证实了混锚抗剪加固的有效性：混锚能够对纤维带端部进行可靠锚固,阻止端部剥离破坏的发生,实现纤维拉断破坏,大幅度提高材料强度利用率。混锚加固在抑制混凝土梁斜裂缝开展、延缓箍筋屈服、提高箍筋和CFRP的极限应变以及提高抗剪承载力等多个方面的表现均明显优于纯粘贴加固。     

预应力碳纤维板加固钢梁抗弯性能试验研究

普通外贴碳纤维材料加固钢结构技术无法充分发挥材料的高强性能,加固效果有限,采用预应力加碳纤维加固可有效解决上述缺陷。该文在成功研制用于加固钢结构的碳纤维板张拉装置的基础上,进行预应力碳纤维板加固钢梁抗弯性能试验,研究了预应力碳纤维加固对试件承载力、变形、破坏形态以及碳纤维应用效率的影响。试验结果表明,与非预应力碳纤维板加固的钢梁相比,预应力碳纤维板加固可有效提高试件的抗弯承载力和刚度,充分利用碳纤维材料性能。两端的可靠锚固避免了由于端部锚固不足而发生碳纤维板剥离破坏。     

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究及承载力计算

为研究高延性混凝土(HDC)加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪性能,该文对7根HDC加固梁及4根未加固梁进行静力试验,研究剪跨比、配箍率、加固层厚度和加固层附加箍筋对钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、受剪承载力以及裂缝的影响。结果表明:采用HDC面层对钢筋混凝土梁进行受剪加固,可以显著提高梁的受剪承载力;HDC面层可以代替部分箍筋的受剪作用,改善钢筋混凝土梁的剪切破坏形态;加固试件在达到极限位移之后,试件的完整性较好,剩余承载力较高。基于试验结果,利用桁架-拱模型,提出了HDC加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

高延性混凝土加固RC梁抗剪性能试验研究

为利用高延性混凝土（HDC）良好的拉伸和剪切变形能力,提高无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的受剪性能,该文通过对9根HDC加固梁、1根高性能复合砂浆加固梁及3根未加固梁进行静力试验,研究剪跨比、加固层厚度和加固层是否配置箍筋对梁破坏形态、受剪承载力及变形能力的影响。结果表明:采用HDC面层对无腹筋梁进行抗剪加固,可以显著提高梁的抗剪承载力和变形能力;HDC面层可代替部分箍筋的抗剪作用,改善无腹筋梁的剪切破坏形态,并提高梁的剪压比限值;HDC加固层越厚,其受剪承载力和变形能力提高越明显,但加固层厚度较大时,需采用措施防止HDC面层间发生剥离破坏;HDC面层配置附加箍筋,可进一步提高试件的受剪承载力和耐损伤能力。基于试验结果,该文提出了HDC加固试件的受剪承载力计算公式,其计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

U型FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪剥离性能的有限元分析

采用FRP布对梁进行抗剪加固,可以有效的解决梁因配箍率不足而导致的受剪承载力偏低的问题。根据文献[1]中7根试验梁的参数,针对工程中常用的U型FRP受剪加固形式,建立三维有限元分析模型,采用商业有限元计算软件ANSYS,数值模拟了加载全过程和受剪剥离受力性能,根据试验结果确定了FRP-混凝土界面粘结剥离强度,并建议了合适的裂面剪力传递系数。根据有限元分析结果,作者又进一步研究了U型FRP布的应变分布、分担剪力的贡献、剥离破坏的过程,以及加固量、FRP类型和粘贴面积率对加固梁受剪承载力的影响。在有限元分析的基础上结合试验结果,建议了U型粘贴加固的受剪剥离承载力计算方法。     

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁抗震性能试验研究

为研究高延性混凝土(HDC)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的抗震性能,设计了8个RC梁试件,采用HDC和碳纤维布(CFRP)条带加固,通过低周反复荷载试验,研究剪跨比、加固方式对其破坏形态、变形和耗能能力等的影响。试验结果表明:采用HDC围套加固RC梁,HDC面层良好的拉伸应变硬化和多裂缝开展特性能有效控制剪切裂缝发展,明显改善构件的脆性破坏特征;HDC加固层与原构件协同工作良好,加固层对内部混凝土形成良好的约束作用,HDC加固梁的承载力、变形和耗能能力明显提高,其加固效果明显优于CFRP条带加固;剪跨比较大时,在HDC加固层配置钢筋网,试件的变形和耗能能力明显提高,但对承载力贡献较小。基于桁架-拱模型理论,提出HDC加固梁的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱抗剪承载力试验研究

进行了9个采用预应力钢板箍(Prestressed Steel Jacket,PSJ)加固的RC短柱试件的单调加载试验。重点研究预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱的抗剪性能和加固构件受剪承载力计算方法。主要试验参数包括箍板预应力度和箍板配置量。试验结果表明:采用预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱可显著改善其受剪性能,不仅可有效提高构件的抗剪承载力,并能使最终出现剪切破坏的加固短柱具有较好的变形能力。在试验研究基础上探讨了预应力箍板加固的受剪机理,分析了各主要参数对加固柱受剪承载力的影响及其规律。分析结果表明:预应力箍板的受剪系数与箍板预应力度和箍板配箍特征值等因素有关。基于叠加方法,提出了箍板受剪系数和加固柱抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果和试验结果总体吻合良好。研究成果可为预应力钢板箍加固RC柱的抗剪设计提供依据。     

CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能试验研究

通过10片普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁及4片部分预应力混凝土(PPC)梁采用CFRP板抗剪加固的试验研究和非线性有限元分析,研究不同损伤程度、剪跨比、配箍率及预应力水平等因素对CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:采用CFRP板对RC&PPC梁进行抗剪加固能够有效抑制斜裂缝的开展,提高加固梁斜截面抗剪承载能力,并改善梁的延性;RC梁损伤后加固,随着配箍率的增大以及剪跨比的减小,将提高加固RC梁的斜向开裂荷载、箍筋屈服荷载以及抗剪极限承载能力;随着预应力水平的提高,PPC加固梁的极限承载力增大,CFRP板抗剪加固效果比较显著;非线性有限元模型能够预测CFRP加固RC/PPC梁的抗剪性能,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在进行CFRP板抗剪加固设计时,应对CFRP板的强度进行有效折减。     

基于集成学习的FRP加固混凝土梁抗弯承载力预测研究

为解决当前纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力预测中模型不统一、计算繁琐、精度有限等问题,建立了统一化的抗弯承载力预测模型。根据既有文献收集外贴式、端锚式和嵌入式3种FRP典型加固方式加固钢筋混凝土梁试验数据,确定影响加固梁承载力的关键因素,通过XGBoost(极限梯度提升树)算法训练回归各影响因素与加固后梁抗弯承载力间的非线性映射关系,得到统一化的FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力预测模型。随后在测试样本集上对该模型的预测精度进行了验证,与基于支持向量回归(SVR)和人工神经网络(ANN)两种代表性机器学习算法得到的预测模型进行了横向对比,并分析了不同加固方式下的预测精度。研究结果表明：该文得到的基于XGBoost的抗弯承载力预测模型拟合优度R²=0.9417,可见整体精度较高,有良好的性能;相比基于传统机器学习算法SVR和ANN建立的预测模型,基于集成学习算法XGBoost的拟合优度分别提升了8.00%及6.70%,均方根误差减少了33.94%和30.72%,平均绝对误差减少了32.38%和30.51%,表明基于XGBoost的模型精度更高,远优...     

CFRP布端绕双杆自锁加固混凝土窄梁抗弯试验

为了抵抗粘贴碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）加固钢筋混凝土结构中常见的剥离破坏,发明了将CFRP布端部以特定方式绕平行双杆实现自锁的方法。鉴于窄梁截面宽度有限,提出将CFRP布贴梁受拉底面布置后,用安装在梁侧面的双L形端锚装置固定双杆,形成侧锚底贴加固方案。完成了5根混凝土强度较低的矩形截面梁四点弯曲试验,其中4根采用上述锚固方式抗弯加固,检验了锚固效果,考察了CFRP布宽度及其沿全长与梁底面是否粘结对加固效果的影响。试验结果表明,采用本文方法进行加固后,端部剥离得以避免,中部剥离即使发生,或在无粘结加固梁受力后期,CFRP布仍能承担较大拉力,因此,极限荷载较对比梁有明显提高。比较而言,CFRP布与梁底有粘结时加固效果更好,CFRP布宽度加大也对提高承载力有益。     

Plate end debonding in the constant bending moment zone of plated beams

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure by externally bonding fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel plate on their tension face are susceptible to premature plate end debonding failures. Safe design of such a strengthened RC beam demands a reliable and predictive debonding strength model. There are two special cases of plate end debonding failures: flexural debonding for cases when the plate terminates within a constant bending moment region (CMR), and shear debonding for the case when the plate terminates where the shear force is large but the bending moment is minimal. A general plate end debonding case is usually considered as an interaction between these two special cases. This paper is concerned with flexural debonding. A brief review of existing models is presented before the plate end interfacial stresses are examined. Three new models with different levels of accuracy are then developed: a closed-form theoretical model based on a simplified interfacial fracture mechanics analysis; a semi-empirical model; and a wholly empirical model. These three models together with two existing models are assessed against a carefully constructed test database containing 67 test data from an extensive literature survey.     

Plate end debonding in the constant bending moment zone of plated beams

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure by externally bonding fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or steel plate on their tension face are susceptible to premature plate end debonding failures. Safe design of such a strengthened RC beam demands a reliable and predictive debonding strength model. There are two special cases of plate end debonding failures: flexural debonding for cases when the plate terminates within a constant bending moment region (CMR), and shear debonding for the case when the plate terminates where the shear force is large but the bending moment is minimal. A general plate end debonding case is usually considered as an interaction between these two special cases. This paper is concerned with flexural debonding. A brief review of existing models is presented before the plate end interfacial stresses are examined. Three new models with different levels of accuracy are then developed: a closed-form theoretical model based on a simplified interfacial fracture mechanics analysis; a semi-empirical model; and a wholly empirical model. These three models together with two existing models are assessed against a carefully constructed test database containing 67 test data from an extensive literature survey.     

Analysis of stationary deformation behavior of a semi-infinite rigid-perfect plastic beam subjected to moving distributed loads of finite width

The problem of projection of a flyer plate with a traveling distributed load and subsequent collision of it to a base plate, as applied to explosive welding, is addressed in this paper. A semi-infinite solid-perfectly plastic beam is employed to model the flyer plate subject to two transverse pressure profiles, traveling at constant speed on its top and bottom surfaces, which represent the explosion and collision loads, respectively. A steady state deformation process is considered and the analysis is developed for the pure bending and combined shear and bending deformation conditions. It follows from analysis that two plastic bending hinges form ahead and at the rear end of each pressure profile and travel at constant velocity. Furthermore, when the width of the pressure is small, the shearing deformation region is generated within the loaded area. The state of the deformation in the collision stage in contrast to the propulsion stage is discussed.     

CFRP加固钢板的粘结界面剥离破坏

II型界面破坏是碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)加固钢板常见的破坏方式之一。为揭示CFRP加固钢板粘结界面破坏的力学机制,开展了单剪试验和双剪试验分别研究了CFRP-钢板界面力学性能及破坏过程,并采用数字图像相关技术(DIC)对CFRP的轴向应变分布进行监测。对比两个试验的破坏模式发现,双剪试件的粘结界面主要发生II型破坏,界面破坏的主要力学原因是剪应力;而存在偏心加载的单剪试件,粘结界面上的剪应力和偏心加载引起的弯矩共同作用,使粘结界面发生I/II型混合模式失效。在II型破坏模式下,不同粘结长度的极限荷载及粘结滑移值随着粘结长度的增大而增大,但当粘结长度超过有效粘结长度后,极限荷载及极限滑移值基本保持不变。而在所讨论的偏心加载引起的界面I/II型混合破坏模式下,不同粘结长度的极限荷载基本不变。基于试验数据得到的双线性粘结-滑移关系建立了有限元模型,对CFRP加固钢板的II型界面粘结破坏行为进行分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。      

Thermomechanical bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates with both functionally graded face sheets and functionally graded cores

The bending response of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates subjected to thermomechanical loads is investigated using a four-variable refined plate theory. A new type of FGM sandwich plate, namely, both FGM face sheets and an FGM hard core, is considered. Containing only four unknown functions, the governing equations are deduced based on the principle of virtual work and then these equations are solved via the Navier approach. Analytical solutions are obtained to predict the deflections and stresses of simply supported FGM sandwich plates. Benchmark comparisons of the solutions obtained for a degradation model (functionally graded face sheets and homogeneous cores) with ones computed by several other theories are conducted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present approach. The influences of volume fraction distribution, geometrical parameters, and thermal load on dimensionless deflections and normal and shear stresses of the FGM sandwich plates are studied.     

Buckling of the CCFF orthotropic rectangular plates under in-plane pure bending

Solution of the buckling problem for the CCFF orthotropic plate subjected to in-plane pure bending is presented. The two parallel clamped edges of the plate are loaded by linearly distributed in-plane loads statically equivalent to the in-plane bending moments. The problem is solved using method of lines for partial differential equations and Galerkin’s method. The buckling problems are solved for isotropic, orthotropic and multilayered CFRP composite plates with various aspect ratios. Results of calculations of critical loads are compared with those based on finite-element modelling and analyses. The comparisons demonstrate efficiency of the proposed approach to the buckling analysis of composite CCFF plates with various dimensional and stiffness parameters.     

Fatigue behaviour of the bond interface between carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer sheets and concrete

Externally bonded carbon fibre‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been applied to retrofit and strengthen civil structures. In this study, four‐point bending beams were manufactured and tested to examine the fatigue behaviour of the CFRP–concrete interface. The results indicated that the specimens exhibited debonding failure in the concrete beneath the adhesive layer under static loading. However, when cyclic loads were imposed on the small beams, debonding failure may occur in the adhesive layer. Moreover, fitting expressions were proposed to predict the shear stress–slip relationship between the CFRP sheets and concrete and the flexural strength of the CFRP‐strengthened beams under static loads, and good agreement with the test data was obtained. Finally, a fatigue life prediction model was also presented to capture the fatigue life of the CFRP–concrete interface under cyclic loads. The calculation results showed that the fatigue strength of the CFRP–concrete bond interface was approximately 65% of the ultimate load capacity.     

Buckling of the SSCF rectangular orthotropic plate subjected to linearly varying in-plane loading

The paper presents the solution of the buckling problem for an orthotropic rectangular plate having two parallel edges simply supported, one edge clamped and the remaining edge free (the SSCF plate). The plate considered is subjected to a linearly varying in-plane load that can take the form of uniform compression, combination of in-plane bending and uniform compression, or pure in-plane bending. The solution technique involves reduction of the relevant variational buckling equation to a one-dimensional form using the Kantorovich procedure and subsequent application of the generalised Galerkin method. The buckling problems are solved for isotropic and orthotropic plates with various aspect ratios. The analytical solution is verified using the finite-element analysis. The comparisons of computational results demonstrate the appropriateness and efficiency of the approach developed in this work for the calculation of critical loads of composite SSCF plates with various dimensional and stiffness parameters.     

Further developments in testing and analysis of the plate twist test for in-plane shear modulus measurements

The plate twist test for testing the in-plane shear modulus of composite materials is analysed. In the proposed test set-up the loads are not applied to the corners of the plate. This makes the test easier to perform than the original plate twist test. Based on a strength of materials approach, an analytical expression is found for the correction factor that accounts for the shifted position of the loading points. The analysis is made without making the assumption of equal bending stiffness in the diagonal directions of the plate, and can thus be applied for off-axis tests on orthotropic or lower symmetry composite materials.     

板柱结构矩形弹性板弯曲精确解法

板柱结构是工程中经常采用的受力体系,但至今尚无一种精确解法分析板中内力分布。将板柱结构矩形板的弯曲划分为广义静定和广义超静定二类。对于前者利用静力平衡条件确定柱支反力后撤去柱支座,柱支条件下板的弯曲即转换为四边自由矩形板在原荷载和柱支反力共同作用下的弯曲。挠度表达式采用了新的通解形式,其变形曲线符合四边自由边界所限定的变形特征,并采用组合特解,即特解同时满足平衡微分方程,自由边界上剪力分布条件及自由角点上作用力条件,从而可以利用四边边界条件和柱支座处的位移条件直接求解。对于广义超静定弯曲需要利用叠加法求解。这种解法可以分析板柱结构在任意柱支条件下和任意荷载作用下板的弯曲。通过逆向分析验证法真实地说明了本解法具有很高的计算精度。