季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇条件的优化

目的优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件。方法通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的发酵温度、初始pH值、转速和接种量,通过高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中木糖醇的含量;采用最佳发酵条件发酵生产木糖醇,检测木糖醇含量。结果摇瓶发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的最佳条件为:发酵温度28℃,起始pH值5.0,接种量5%(v/v),摇床转速180 r/min;以最佳条件发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的含量为9.016 g/L。结论优化了季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件,为以酒糟生产木糖醇的可能性提供了实验依据。     

秸杆发酵工艺条件的优化

采用混合菌株对秸杆发酵进行了正交实验,对发酵工艺进行了优化,确定了较佳的发酵工艺条件,即尿素添加量0．5％、麦麸3％、KH2PO4和MgSO4分别为0．1％和0．15％。发酵液初始pH值为8．0,接种量为15％,发酵温度为30℃。     

秸杆发酵工艺条件的优化

采用混合菌株对秸杆发酵进行了正交实验,对发酵工艺进行了优化,确定了较佳的发酵工艺条件,即尿素添加量0.5%、麦麸3%、KH2PO4和MgSO4分别为0.1%和0.15%.发酵液初始pH值为8.0,接种量为15%,发酵温度为30℃.     

细菌纤维素合成过程中的影响因素

研究了接种量、pH值、培养液深度、培养液表面积和发酵时间等因素对形成细菌纤维素膜的产量、厚度及比表面积的影响。结果表明:接种量在7%、初始pH值在5～6范围内细菌纤维素的产量最大;厚度主要取决于发酵时间和初始pH值;培养液表面积对单位面积细菌纤维素产量有比较大的影响;膜的比表面积与发酵时间的长短无关。     

利用液泵型生物反应器合成新型抗真菌抗生素的研究

筛选得到一株不吸水链霉菌,能产生一种新的嘧啶核苷类抗生素。实验确定了其最佳发酵条件：pH6．5,接种量10％,30℃下摇瓶发酵72h。分别使用通气搅拌发酵罐和喷射式液泵型发酵罐进行发酵试验,发现在相同的容积传氧系数（KLa）值下,后者的发酵液抗生素效价明显高于前者．电镜照片显示其菌丝体生长也更优。     

长枝木霉TL-02液体发酵合成哌珀霉素的工艺优化

采用单因素实验和正交实验优化了长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai)TL-02液体发酵合成哌珀霉素(Peptaibols)的工艺条件。结果表明,随着种龄的延长、接种量的增加、装液量的增加、初始pH值的增大和发酵温度的升高,发酵液的菌体干重(MDW)和合成量(SPA)均先增加后减少;最佳液体发酵工艺条件为:种龄96 h、接种量25%、装液量20%、初始pH值7、发酵温度28℃。10 L发酵罐放大实验结果表明,随着装液量的增加,发酵液的MDW和SPA均先增加后减少,当装液量为70%时,MDW和SPA达到最高,分别为31.2 g·L~(-1)、2.1 g·L~(-1);但继续增加装液量,MDW和SPA反而下降。该研究为液体发酵合成哌珀霉素的中试和产业化生产提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

一株苎麻脱胶优势菌的筛选及发酵条件的初步研究

从麻园土中分离出60株能分解果胶的菌株.通过多次筛选获得4株果胶酶高产菌株.其中,菌株C-9被确定为优势菌,对其发酵培养基的初始pH值、发酵温度、发酵时间及接种量进行优化,结果表明该菌株在接种量为5%、pH值为7.5、温度为35℃、时间为36 h的条件下果胶酶活性达到305.62 U·mL-1,比优化前提高了1倍.     

海洋放线菌BM-2菌株产生抑菌物质的发酵条件

海洋放线菌BM-2菌株在不同配方的培养基和不同的发酵条件对进行液体发酵,以植物病原真菌禾谷镰刀菌为指示菌,采用打孔法测定发酵液的抑菌活性,研究其产生抑菌物质的发酵条件.结果认为:海洋放线菌BM-2菌株产生抑菌物质的最佳培养基为可溶性淀粉14 g、乳糖16 g、黄豆粉16 g、磷酸氢二钾3 g、碳酸钙4 g、氯化钾0.4 g,海水1000 mL,初始pH值7.5;发酵条件为接种量7%(体积分数)、温度28 ℃、装瓶量80 mL(250 mL)、转速190 r/min、培养时间5 d.     

产酸菌的分离及其对土壤氟浸出的影响

从土壤和活性污泥中分离得到4株具有产酸能力的细菌S2、S3、S5、S6,采用单因素实验法对菌株的产酸条件(时间、温度、接种量、转速)进行优化,研究各菌株产生的酸性发酵液对土壤氟浸出的影响。结果表明,4株菌的最适产酸条件为:培养温度30℃,接种量1. 5%,转速90～110 r/min,发酵液p H值最低降至3. 61。本实验条件下,产酸菌发酵液使土壤氟的浸出浓度下降,作用时间、发酵液添加量、土壤pH值等因素影响作用效果。     

含抗菌肽CC31毕赤酵母工程菌培养基及其培养条件的优化

目的筛选毕赤酵母工程菌培养基的主要组分,优化工程菌培养条件。方法采用毕赤酵母工程菌CC31发酵培养抗菌肽CC31,选取基础盐培养基(basic salt medium,BSM)为初始培养基,利用单因素试验、正交试验设计对培养基的碳源、氮源、酵母营养物进行筛选;选取最适培养基对菌种接种量、培养基初始pH值、培养温度进行培养条件优化。结果经鉴定,抗菌肽CC31相对分子质量为13 620;初始BSM培养基添加组分中碳源为3%甘油和3%葡萄糖,酵母营养物为1%酵母浸出物,氮源为1. 5%硫酸铵;在10%接种量、培养基初始pH值为6,培养温度为30℃的培养条件下,获得的抗菌肽CC31蛋白浓度可达82 mg/L。结论优化了毕赤酵母工程菌培养基组分及培养条件,获得高表达量的重组蛋白,为工业化高密度发酵提供了实验依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。