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1.
东钱湖底泥环境特征与疏浚方案 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在目前以环境和生态治理为目的的底泥疏浚工程中尚无相应的技术标准和规范为指南的情况下,以宁波东钱湖水环境综合整治可行性研究成果为基础,制定了东钱湖底泥环保疏浚方案。详细阐述了该方案涉及的主要内容:底泥污染特性及污染状况分析,疏浚平面范围、疏浚深度及疏浚工程规模的确定,疏浚底泥处置及余水处理等。 相似文献
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Paul E. Drevnick Ryan R. Otter Patrick R. Gorski David T. Long Donald E. Canfield James T. Oris 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2009,14(3):193-201
Copper sulphate (CuSO4) is commonly added to lakes and reservoirs to manage nuisance and exotic species. Several studies have previously reported that CuSO4 is very useful for this purpose, and that the copper is ultimately stored in lake sediments. In contrast, there has been little study on the fate of the sulphate from CuSO4 additions. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of CuSO4 additions on sedimentary sulphur. Concentrations, isotopes, and fluxes of total and reduced sulphur in sediment cores from four Michigan lakes were compared, including two reference lakes that have never received CuSO4 additions, and two treatment lakes that have received CuSO4 additions by lake managers totalling 1–3 kg sulphate ha?1 year?1 since 1940. The results of this study confirm that sediments do not consistently provide records of sulphate loading across lakes. Isotopic evidence indicates this inconsistency is caused, in part, by lakes with well‐mixed sediments, in which sulphate is reduced to sulphide, but then subsequently reoxidized to sulphate and remobilized to the overlying water column. One of the treatment lakes, however, exhibited a clear correlation between CuSO4 additions and an increased sulphur flux to the sediment. During any given year, however, the sulphate added from CuSO4 additions amounted to no more than 10% of the sulphate added from wet deposition. Based on this seemingly insignificant quantity of sulphate, ascribing any effect of CuSO4 additions on sedimentary sulphur is tenuous at best. One possibility is that the addition of CuSO4 at rates that do not overwhelm the natural sulphur cycle of a lake or reservoir is a reasonable management tool for nuisance and exotic species. 相似文献
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本文从随机过程的观点出发,推导出湖泊底泥磷相对释放量概率密度函数的随机微分方程,并给出了相应的定解条件。利用隐式差分法进行求解,分析了磷释放的均方差系数(D)、吸附系数(K1)、解吸系数(K2)及其对磷相对释放量概率函数分布的影响情况。所建立的磷释放随机动力学模型计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。 相似文献
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淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2017年4月、7月、10月和2018年1月对淮北采煤塌陷区东湖和刘桥湖两个小型湖泊进行采样调查,探讨轮虫群落结构的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。东湖共记录轮虫13科15属32种,刘桥湖共记录10科12属25种。东湖轮虫的年平均密度和生物量(2 722个/L和3.04 mg/L)明显高于刘桥湖(1 311个/L和1.30 mg/L);东湖主要优势种为刺盖异尾轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫、长三肢轮虫、广布多肢轮虫和螺形龟甲轮虫,刘桥湖主要优势种为暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫、小链巨头轮虫、广布多肢轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫和迈氏三肢轮虫;东湖和刘桥湖水体呈中度富营养状态;水温、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a质量浓度是影响两湖轮虫群落结构变化的重要因素,鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力间接影响了两湖轮虫群落结构的变化。 相似文献
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湖泊底泥的运动过程产生了内源污染,加剧了湖泊生态环境的恶化。研究湖泊底泥在风浪作用下悬浮后再沉降的运移规律,可为了解湖泊水质变化成因以及开展生态环境治理提供技术支持。本课题采用有机玻璃制作的沉降桶,在静水条件下对太湖、龙感湖、巢湖的底泥进行了沉降试验,研究3个湖泊的水体在不同初始含沙浓度和不同水深条件下含沙浓度的变化,分析了3个湖泊淤泥的沉降规律,近似代表天然湖泊的底泥运动状态。试验研究表明3个湖泊水体中悬浮泥沙的沉降均为絮凝沉降,其沉降过程和沉速与单颗粒泥沙相比均发生了量和质的变化,悬浮泥沙絮凝平均沉速随沉距、含沙浓度的增大而增大。最后得出3个湖泊底泥的沉降速度,其研究结果可为采用絮凝沉降法改善水质环境提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为研究乌梁素海芦苇对水体营养盐的净化作用,采集湖区南部湖水、底泥和芦苇样本,分析了其总氮、总磷的浓度、氮磷比变化趋势。结果表明:湖水由湖心向岸边流动过程中,总氮呈现先增大再减小的变化规律,湖水和芦苇中总磷含量相对平稳,底泥总磷持续增大;总氮浓度的变化范围是1.44~19.31 mg/L,总磷浓度变化范围0.024~0.057 mg/L,氮磷比远远大于16,乌梁素海处于氮过剩的富营养化状态;芦苇等挺水植物的生物量随着营养盐含量的升高而增加,对营养盐具有一定的吸收作用,通过合理的收割芦苇,可以促进乌梁素海氮磷的去除及当地经济的发展。 相似文献
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This report clarifies the presence of Pinaciophora fluviatilis Greeff sensu Penard in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Transmission electron microscopic observations were made of a shadowcast carbon replica of a single scale. Taxonomic problems of this organism are discussed. 相似文献
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Sharon L. Kanfoush 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2013,18(2):99-113
Fourth Lake is a drainage lake at 43°N, 74°W, from which a 37‐cm long mud‐water interface core was recovered. 210Pb dating indicates the core spans ≈340 years, from the Little Ice Age through modern global warming. Diatom accumulation responds to anthropogenic watershed disturbances, declining slightly up‐core until a peak in the late‐1800s attributable to sediment and nutrient influx from logging and enlargement of the outlet dam. A dramatic decrease occurs ≈1900 as logging and lake filling ceased, and a smaller peak ≈1960 accompanies residential development. Similar changes occur in organic carbon accumulation, which ranges from 0.0038–0.024 mg cm?2 year?1, with generally decreasing values up‐core, punctuated by maximum values in the late‐1800s. Expressing diatoms as concentration, however, reveals a doubling up‐core that positively correlates with changes extending beyond the watershed, including Northern Hemisphere temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration and solar irradiance (R = 0.627, 0.675 and 0.400, respectively). A >50% increase in % organic carbon, from 3.8% to 5.9%, also positively correlates with these larger‐scale environmental conditions (R = 0.828, 0.830 and 0.832), while negative correlations with the extrabasinal records are exhibited by magnetic susceptibility (R = ?0.654, ?0.496, and ?0.660) and clay (R = ?0.770, ?0.762, and ?0.737). These changes are consistent with decreased sediment influx and reduced dilution of biogenous sedimentary components. In contrast to total diatoms, the accumulation of planktonic genus Asterionella displays a long‐term increase up‐core. Potential explanations include increasing duration of the ice‐free season or a shift in the timing of the spring bloom and a mismatch with abundance of predator(s). Asterionella also increases as a percentage of total diatoms, being positively correlated with extrabasinal conditions (R = 0.827, 0.774 and 0.674). This change occurs at the expense of many benthic genera and, over the past century, at the expense of tychoplanktonic genus, Aulacosiera. Heavily silicified, Aulacosiera requires strong mixing to remain within the epilimnion. Thus, its decline might result from increasing stratification caused by warming. 相似文献
10.
鄱阳湖是长江流域生态系统的重要组成部分,近年来鄱阳湖枯水水位下降、枯水时间提前呈常态化和趋势性变化引起了广泛研究。鄱阳湖入江水道作为江湖联系的纽带,在江湖关系演变中起着重要作用。特别是2001年以来,入江水道演变和出湖沙量出现了显著和复杂的变化过程,其原因存在明显争议。本文采用水文泥沙观测资料结合机理研究,分析阐明了鄱阳湖入、出湖水沙变化与入江水道挟沙能力变化关系及冲淤调整规律。研究结果表明:入江水道代表断面月流速与湖口月出湖含沙量成正比,鄱阳湖出湖沙量与入江水道输沙能力直接相关;入湖泥沙对入江水道演变的影响是缓慢的,入湖沙量集中的4—6月,1985年前后各月出湖沙量减少量和减小比率都小于入湖沙量减少量和减小比率,都大于输沙能力减小比率;1998—2010年与1955—1998年比,月出湖含沙量变化比率与入江水道月挟沙能力变化比率具有较好关系;从出湖含沙量与代表断面流速关系看,1999—2010年出湖含沙量在不考虑断面变化情况下总体低于1955—1998年相关线,考虑断面扩大后则高于1955—1998年相关系,说明1999—2010年出湖含沙量增大和入湖水道断面扩大是冲刷和采砂共同影响的结果;入江水道下段代表断面2011—2020年同流速下顺出湖含沙量与1955—1998年关系线基本一致,而上段代表断面则明显低于1955—1998年关系线,说明入江水道下段已趋于稳定,上段仍可能会有一定的冲刷调整,引起湖区枯水位继续有所下降。本文研究结果对明晰鄱阳湖入江水道冲淤变化、长江与鄱阳湖相互影响复杂关系和指导鄱阳湖保护与治理具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Xiang Can Jin Sheng Rui Wang Hai Chao Zhao Qing Yun Bu Jian Zhou Chu Ze Cui Xiao Ning Zhou Feng Chang Wu 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2006,11(3):169-176
Samples of sediments, interstitial water and overlying water were collected monthly under temperature‐controlled conditions to determine the effects of sediment types on the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in lake systems. The relationship between the total alkaline phosphatase activity (TAPA) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration also was examined. The study results indicate the variations of TAPA in the overlying water, and the interstitial water in different layers from different sediments was similar over time. They were influenced not only by the phosphate concentrations, but also were correlated with submerged plant and phytoplankton biomass. The direct effects of the sediment types on the APA were not readily obvious. Although the higher APA in sediment was probably responsible for the enzymatic response to the characteristics of sediments, other factors (e.g. growth of submerged plants and phytoplankton) also should be considered. The peak of the maximum velocity of the enzyme reactions (Vmax) at deeper sediment layers suggests another stratum in which the enzymatically mediated phosphorus regeneration was active. This finding contributes to our understanding of phosphorus cycling in lake sediments. 相似文献
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滇池沉积物内源磷释放初步研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
沉积物内源磷释放是湖泊富营养化重要的污染来源。本次研究在滇池20个采样点进行了原状柱状沉积物样品的采集。分析测试了分层沉积物样品的总磷、总氮、总有机质含量,揭示了滇池全湖沉积物中营养组分的含量特征和分布规律。为估算沉积物磷释放的通量水平和初步解释滇池磷释放的主要作用机制,现场提取出了沉积物间隙水,并分析了间隙水以及采样点湖水中溶解总磷、溶解磷酸盐和溶解有机磷的含量,根据实测运用费克扩散定律计算了沉积物-水界面之间磷的交换通量。同时对代表性样点进行了原样沉积物柱磷释放的实验室模拟。通量计算和模拟实验的结果表明,滇池沉积物具有较强的向水体的释磷能力,全湖沉积物平均磷释放通量为0.095mg/cm^2/a,沉积物磷释放成为全湖磷负荷的重要部分。实验数据相关性分析表明,滇池表层沉积磷活化释放的主要机制是表层沉积物有机质矿化降解,有机磷分解形成的浓度梯度驱动了溶解磷从沉积物向水体扩散。 相似文献
14.
鉴于重金属元素的生理毒害作用,选择武汉市区、近郊、远郊六个代表性湖泊水体研究其水、沉积物、鱼样品中主要毒害重金属元素Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,Zn的污染状况。采用原子荧光测试样品中Hg含量,其他元素用ICP-MS测试。结果表明:市区湖泊水、沉积物及鱼中重金属含量多数明显高于郊区湖泊,其中水及沉积物中重金属含量与研究区相应环境背景值对比有显著富集,但湖泊水中重金属含量大多可满足GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质要求,鱼中重金属含量也可满足相应GB 2736—1994《淡水鱼卫生标准》。市区湖泊与郊区湖泊样品重金属污染程度对比而言,市区湖泊明显表现出受到一定人为污染影响。 相似文献
15.
Walter Wildi Janusz Dominik Jean-Luc Loizeau Richard Linn Thomas Pierre-Yves Favarger Laurence Haller Antoine Perroud Christophe Peytremann 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2004,9(1):75-87
This paper quantifies sediment contamination by heavy metals in four reservoirs and one lake located downstream from major urban areas in Switzerland. The waterbodies include the Wettingen Reservoir (located on the Limmat River downstream from Zürich), the Klingnau Reservoir (on the lower Aare River), the Wohlen Reservoir (downstream from Berne), the Verbois Reservoir (downstream from Geneva) and Vidy Bay (Lake Geneva, city of Lausanne). For all sediment cores and contaminants, a trend is observed from high contaminant values in the lower part of the cores, decreasing to lower concentrations in the upper part of the cores. However, for each site and each element, specific features are recognized. Applying the criteria of the Swiss ordinance on soil protection, all sediment cores must be classified as contaminated by one or more contaminants and at variable levels. From these data, it is concluded that: reservoirs and lakes located downstream from major urban centres in Switzerland have accumulated significant volumes of contaminated sediments in the past, representing the largest, but not the most intensely, contaminated sites on a national scale; the main environmental risk is remobilization of the contaminants and their return to the food chain, particularly by infiltration into the groundwater; and although the processes of remobilization are identified, the conditions of occurrence and the amplitude of the processes are still poorly known. Different options of reservoir and lake sediment management also are discussed and further research topics defined. 相似文献
16.
目前自然水体富营养化程度越来越严重,其底泥中磷的含量也与日俱增。不同形态分布的磷在自然情况变化时表现出不同的特性,底泥中磷的形态分布对于控制水体中磷的浓度有着重要影响。本研究以五步化学分级提取法测定了12个湖泊底泥中磷的形态分布。结果表明:在底泥中与钙结合的磷较多,平均占总量的60%左右。射线衍射结果也表明12个样品中均含有较高比例的晶体钙矿物,平均含量约为49%。除了与钙结合的磷之外,其余的磷多数与铁、锰化合物相结合,其含量平均占总数的18%。黏土矿物及铝氧化物中结合的磷占总量的8%,与残余磷9%相当。松散吸附结合态的磷含量最低约占6%。研究磷的形态分布分析方法对于了解底泥中磷的形态分布以及磷在水体一底泥中的迁移转化规律有着重要意义。 相似文献
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我国江河湖库清淤疏浚实践与分析 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15
本文根据长江、黄河、淮河、海河及辽河等五大流域的资料,对我国江河湖库的泥沙淤积及清淤疏浚情况进行了总结.认为在目前泥沙淤积严重、防洪形势严峻的情况下,必须采取拦、捧、放、挖等综合措施才能取得较好的效果。在分析我国清淤疏浚队伍及疏浚实践的基础上.提出了江河湖库清淤疏浚的基本原则。 相似文献
18.
环境条件的变化会引起沉积物中的磷向上覆水释放,从而引发富营养化。投加镧系钝化剂可以有效控制沉积物中磷的释放。然而,目前应用最为广泛的锁磷剂 Phoslock存在着 La3+释放的风险;此外,由于锁磷剂吸附量较小,形成的钝化剂层较厚,氧气从上覆水向沉积物的传质也会被阻碍。使用具有较大吸附量和较低 La3+释放风险的新型材料———镧沸石作为钝化剂,考察了其对人工湖泊沉积物中磷释放的控制效果。通过等温吸附线和 Langmuir 模型拟合,发现镧沸石对磷的最大吸附量为71. 94 mg /g,是 Phoslock的 7 倍。吸附动力学试验表明,镧沸石对磷的吸附速率较快,0. 5 h 内可以利用 81%的吸附位。磷形态分析发现,镧沸石吸附的磷 85%以上为酸溶态或残渣态磷,说明其与磷的结合具有较好的稳定性。投加镧沸石后,沉积物中磷在 pH 值为 10. 8 时的释放量可以降低 30%;厌氧条件下沉积物中磷的释放可以被镧沸石完全抑制。40 d 模拟钝化试验发现,投加质量百分比1. 65%的镧沸石可以显著降低上覆水中溶解性可反应磷( SRP) 和总磷( TP) 的浓度,其中 SRP 浓度的降低幅度大于 TP。模拟钝化试验中,非稳定形态的磷被转化为较为稳定的酸溶态磷和残渣态磷。结果表明,镧沸石在沉积物内源磷控制方面具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Martin Sndergaard Erik Jeppesen Jens Peder Jensen Torben Lauridsen 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2000,5(3):151-159
Lake restoration in Denmark has involved the use of several different restoration techniques, all aiming to improve lake water quality and establishing clear‐water conditions. The most frequently used method, now used in more than 20 lakes, is the reduction of zooplanktivorous and benthivorous fish (especially roach (Rutilus rutilus) and bream (Abramis brama)) with the objective of improving the growth conditions for piscivores, large‐sized zooplankton species, benthic algae and submerged macrophytes. Piscivore stocking (mainly Esox lucius (pike)), aiming especially at reducing the abundance of young‐of‐the‐year fish, has been used in more than 10 lakes and frequently as a supplement to fish removal. Hypolimnetic oxidation, with oxygen and nitrate, has been undertaken in a few stratified lakes and sediment dredging, with the purpose of diminishing the internal phosphorus loading, has been experimented with in one large, shallow lake. Submerged macrophyte implantation has been conducted in some of the biomanipulated lakes to increase macrophyte abundance and distribution. Overall, the results from lake restoration projects, in the mainly shallow Danish lakes, show that external nutrient loading must be reduced to a level below 0.05–0.1 mg P L–1 under equilibrium conditions to gain permanent effects on lake water quality. By using fish removal, at least 80% of the fish stock should be removed over a period of not more than 1–2 years to obtain a substantial effect on lower trophic levels and to avoid regrowth of the remaining fish stock. Stocking of piscivores requires high densities (>0.1 individuals m–2) if an impact on the plankton level is to be obtained and stocking should be repeated yearly until a stable clear‐water state is reached. The experiments with hypolimnetic oxygenation and sediment dredging confirm that internal phosphorus loading can be reduced. Experience from macrophyte implantation experiments indicates that protection against grazing by herbivorous waterfowl may be useful in the early phase of recolonization. 相似文献