原油储罐群火灾事故数值模拟

原油广泛应用于工业和民用的各个领域，随着能源危机的蔓延，原油战略储备建设已经成为各国的重要任务之一。我国已经在舟山等地建立了许多大型的原油储罐群，以保障国民经济石油供给的稳定。由于原油的可燃性，容易发生的事故大多为池火灾，一旦某储罐发生泄漏，造成火灾，即使火势不发生蔓延     

甲苯储罐泄漏事故后果分析和计算

可燃液体泄漏后可能会发生中毒、池火灾和蒸气云爆炸等,以甲苯为例对此进行了分析和计算,研究结果表明：如果泄漏为瞬时泄漏,则可能造成中毒和轻度烧伤等事故。如果泄漏为连续泄漏,则可能造成重大烧伤、设备设施损坏等。一旦发生蒸气云爆炸事故,则将会产生极大危害。另外,后两种情况还可能会引发二次事故,造成较大环境污染,产生恶劣的社会影响。通过计算对各种事故给出具体的危害半径。为此类储罐泄漏事故的危险性分析、预防、应急救援提供参考。     

池火灾事故后果模拟

池火灾是可燃液体储罐区易发生的主要火灾类型。本文总结了mudan池火灾计算模型,结合人员、设备等的热辐射受损模型和多米诺二次事故概率模型,模拟了有风情况下池火灾的事故后果,分别得到了上风向和下风向池火灾热通量关系图,伤害/破坏半径以及多米诺二次事故频率。     

中毒和爆炸事故后果模拟在液氨罐区安全评价中的应用

液氨广泛应用于复合肥生产过程中,在储存、使用和装卸过程中,储罐管道阀门发生破损、爆裂将导致氨气大量泄漏,若未采取相应安全措施,容易导致火灾爆炸和中毒事故的发生。液氨的危险性表现在两个方面：一是中毒事故,液氨泄漏后迅速蒸发为氨气,未遇火源,高浓度氨气漂浮在空气中,人在短时间内吸入氨气会g1起急性中毒,随着氨气的扩散,污染环境,危害人体健康;二是引起火灾爆炸事故,即液氨储罐破裂泄漏,遇到火源发生火灾爆炸。因此安全评价过程中对液氨储罐进行事故后果模拟具有重要意义。     

化工储罐群池火灾连锁效应分析

池火灾连锁效应是引发化工储罐群重大灾害性事故的主要原因之一。本文参考国内外关于连锁效应的研究结果,从连锁效应发生的机制对化工储罐群的池火灾连锁效应进行了分析,选择了较为合理的连锁效应阈值和辐射模型,计算出二次目标设备的本质安全距离,提出了相应的安全防护措施,为预防化工储罐群事故连锁效应的发生和扩展提供了依据。     

航空煤油罐区煤油泄漏事故后果模拟分析

以某航空煤油罐区为研究对象,基于PHAST软件模拟航空煤油泄漏之后发生的燃烧、爆炸过程,研究了池火灾热辐射影响范围、蒸气云爆炸冲击波的影响距离.研究结果表明:1#储罐发生池火灾事故时,对2#储罐造成强烈的热辐射作用,有可能导致其坍塌失效,对3#储罐没有损坏的危险.考虑大风天气的影响,在事故点下风向155 m,侧风向14...     

甲醇储罐泄漏事故后果模拟与风险评估

针对甲醇储存过程中可能存在的各种泄漏事故后果,运用挪威船级社(DNV)风险评估软件SAFFTI对甲醇储罐泄漏后的火灾、中毒、蒸汽云爆炸后果进行风险评估,模拟预测事故后果及风险。通过模拟分析,得出事故后果影响范围的计算机模拟图表和报告,并提出了事故控制措施,为甲醇罐区安全生产提供指导。     

池火灾评价法应用于储罐区安全评价

新疆某煤化公司的储罐区储有石油脑、甲醇等危险化学品,这些物品具有可燃性、易挥发性,应加强管理。在储运过程中,由于装置失效、工艺失控、雷击、人员误操作等原因,储罐存在一定程度上的泄漏、溢流、溅出等事故风险。通过采用池火灾模型对该区域进行重大事故后果模拟,计算出液池半径、火焰高度、热辐射通量、伤亡半径,用matlab软件进行模拟,验证计算结果,并提出建议、整改措施,这些结论对事故风险预防、应急救援活动具有指导意义。     

LNG储罐事故的危害及应急处置研究

LNG储罐易发生泄漏、溢出、火灾和爆炸等事故,且容易导致储罐周围的土壤和水体污染,对环境造成不可挽回的损害,并造成巨大的经济损失,甚至导致重大人员伤亡。制定详细的人员疏散、消防、泄漏控制、人员防护和后续调查等应急响应措施,并定期进行演练,防患于未然。     

基于ALOHA软件对苯乙烯储罐泄露事故的后果分析

苯乙烯是一种危险的合成高分子材料的重要原料,其储罐发生泄漏会导致火灾、爆炸和人员中毒事故,采用ALOHA软件对储罐泄露后果进行模拟,定量得出了苯乙烯储罐泄露导致火灾、爆炸、中毒事故后果的危害范围。根据对储罐工艺过程风险分析的结果从预防事故发生的可能性及控制事故后果的严重程度两个方面,提出工艺过程风险控制措施。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。