机械合金化法制备Ti_(50)Ni_(15)Cu_(28)Sn_7非晶合金粉末

以一定比例配置Ti、Ni、Cu、Sn金属粉末,利用机械合金化方法在转速为300 r/min、球料比为12∶1的条件下制备Ti_(50)Ni_(15)Cu_(28)Sn_7非晶合金。采用XRD和SEM对不同球磨时间混合粉末的物相结构和形貌进行分析。并对合金粉末进行了DSC分析。结果表明:经过不同时间球磨之后,混合的金属粉末开始出现合金化及不同程度的非晶化。随着球磨时间的增加,粉末颗粒逐渐细化。球磨80 h后,合金粉末全部转变为非晶合金,且具有较高的热稳定性和非晶形成能力。     

机械合金化制备TiCuNiSnTa非晶粉末的研究

采用机械合金化(MA)方法,选择Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn-Ta合金体系,通过高能球磨制备钛基非晶粉末。研究球磨时间对钛基混合粉末的形貌、组织结构演化和热稳定性的影响以及合金成分对非晶形成能力的影响,并对合成的粉末进行了XRD分析。结果表明,球磨时间对非晶的形成和晶粒细化有显著影响,球磨后粉末各组元呈均匀化弥散分布;成分为Ti64Cu11.2Ni9.6Sn3.2Ta12的合金具有较宽的过冷液相区,最终获得了Ti基非晶复合材料,而成分为Ti58.8Cu1.1Ni3.2Sn5Ta31.9的合金在高能球磨过程中没有发生非晶转变。     

放电等离子烧结-非晶晶化法合成Ti7oNb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6复合材料

采用机械合金化制备不含和含2%(体积分数)B4C的钛基非晶合金粉末,随后采用放电等离子烧结-非晶晶化法合成不含／含(TiB+TiC)的Ti7oNb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6超细晶／细晶钛基复合材料;运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能材料试验机等对制备的钛基非晶粉末和超细晶／细晶钛基复合材料进行表征.结果表明高能球磨80h的钛基粉末中主要为非晶相,B4C颗粒的加入对钛基粉末的玻璃转变温度、晶化温度和晶化焓有显著的影响.另外,不含／含(TiB+TiC)的复合材料的显微硬度分别为5.47和5.33GPa;以50K/min升温到1223K并保温10min获得的Ti70Nb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6块体试样的断裂强度和断裂应变分别为2098MPa和11.5%.     

纳米结构Cu/C复合材料的微观结构及性能

采用新型机械合金化-放电等离子烧结(MA-SPS)技术制备纳米结构Cu/C自润滑复合材料。利用XRD、DSC、TEM分析机械合金化粉末和SPS烧结样品的相组成和微观结构。结果表明,球磨24h后,Cu-C不互溶体系形成了纳米晶铜、非晶碳和纳米结构过饱和固溶体等亚稳相。SPS烧结后,Cu/C复合材料仍保持纳米结构。MA-SPS的双重活化机制,使粉末的烧结活性大大提高,在600℃烧结3min即可获得致密的纳米结构Cu/C复合材料。     

机械合金化和烧结工艺对Al-Ni-Y-Co-La合金显微组织及力学性能的影响(英文)

通过气雾化方法制备Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5(摩尔分数,%)合金粉末。首先,将粉末进行不同时间的球磨,然后在不同的烧结温度及保压时间等条件下对粉末分别进行热压烧结和放电等离子烧结。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)以及透射电镜(TEM)对粉末和块体材料的显微组织和形貌进行表征。结果表明:在特定球磨参数下球磨100 h以上可以产生非晶,而且通过放电等离子烧结可以得到非晶/纳米晶块体材料,然而这种材料的相对密度较低。通过热压烧结可制备抗压强度为650 MPa的Al86Ni7Y4.5Co1La1.5纳米块体材料。     

高能球磨工艺对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3组织演变的影响

用高能球磨法制备Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶粉末,并研究球磨工艺参数对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶形成过程的影响。结果表明,球磨转速以及磨球直径对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶相的形成效率具有十分重要的影响。较高的转速和合适的球径能有效促进该Ti基合金的非晶化,缩短合金非晶化的时间,当转速为400 r/min,球料比为20:1时,球磨时间约为30 h后,可得到完全的Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶粉末     

粉末冶金超细晶医用Ti-Mo-Fe合金的制备与表征

以元素粉末为原料,采用机械合金化方法结合放电等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti-8Mo-(0~9)Fe合金材料,并探讨了制备工艺对球磨粉体及烧结态合金性能的影响规律。结果表明,当铁含量为3%~9%(质量分数)时,球磨10 h粉体经900℃烧结可获得高致密度、并具有超细晶结构的钛合金材料,其显微组织主要由β-Ti相基体及fcc-Ti颗粒组成,其晶粒尺寸为130~490 nm,这是在钛合金块体材料中首次制备出fcc结构Ti相。在机械合金化过程中,Fe元素的加入可显著提高合金体系的非晶形成能力,并随Fe含量增加体系非晶形成能力增强,粉末非晶相比例增加,经10 h高能球磨后,即可合成具有良好的热稳定性的非晶/纳米晶Ti-Mo-Fe复合粉末。     

Al-20% Sn-4.5% Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结中的组织

利用机械合金化方法制备Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金粉末,将之压制成型后进行烧结.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结过程中的组织变化.结果表明,该合金粉末经40 h球磨后,可以获得纳米级Sn颗粒均匀弥散分布在Al基体上的组织,并且形成了Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体;在随后的烧结过程中,Sn相尺寸仍保持在200 mm左右,Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体则以CuAl2相的形式脱溶析出.     

放电等离子烧结合成晶化相增强的块状Ti66Nb18Cu6.4Ni6.1Al3.5细晶复合材料

基于改进的非晶形成合金体系,选取Ti66Nb18Cu6.4Ni6.1Al3.5合金为研究对象,通过放电等离子烧结机械合金化制备的非晶合金粉末,结合非晶晶化法,合成以高Nb含量的晶化β-Ti(Nb)延性相为基体的块状细晶复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和万能材料试验机等手段对合成的非晶合金粉末和细晶复合材料进行表征分析.结果表明球磨60h后,初始混合粉末绝大部分转变成了非晶相,其玻璃转变温度、晶化温度、晶化峰值温度和熔化温度分别为750K、830K、847K和1422K,表明Nb含量的增加显著提高合金体系的热稳定性.另外,合成的块状钛基细晶复合材料的显微结构为β-Ti延性相包围(Cu,Ni)-Ti2相,其相区尺寸均大于1μm.当升温速率为167K/min、烧结温度为1373K时,合成的复合材料密度、屈服强度、断裂强度和断裂应变分别为5.64g/cm3、1705.8MPa、2126.4MPa和5.4%.     

机械合金化和烧结工艺对Al-Ni-Y-C0-La合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过气雾化方法制备Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5（摩尔分数,％）合金粉末。首先,将粉末进行不同时间的球磨,然后在不同的烧结温度及保压时间等条件下对粉末分别进行热压烧结和放电等离子烧结。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电镜（sEM）以及透射电镜（TEM）对粉末和块体材料的显微组织和形貌进行表征。结果表明：在特定球磨参数下球磨100h以上可以产生非晶,而且通过放电等离子烧结可以得到非晶／纳米晶块体材料,然而这种材料的相对密度较低。通过热压烧结可制备抗压强度为650MPa的Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5纳米块体材料。     

Ti50Cu23Ni20Sn7 bulk metallic glasses prepared by mechanical alloying and spark-plasma sintering

A powder metallurgy technology was developed to prepare Ti₅₀Cu₂₃Ni₂₀Sn₇ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Firstly, amorphous powder was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method successfully after being milled for 30 h. Phase transformation of the as-milled powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphology of the as-milled amorphous powder was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Onset temperature of glass transformation and onset temperature of crystallization (T_x and T_g) of the as-milled amorphous powder were evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Secondly, the as-milled amorphous powder was then consolidated by spark-plasma sintering (SPS) method into a specimen with the shape of cylindrical stick, with a diameter and height of about 20 and 10 mm, respectively. The SPS experiment was conducted under a pressure of 500 MPa at a heating rate of 40 K/min, sintering and holding for 1 min at the temperature of 763 K. It was confirmed that the as-milled powder is of fully amorphous however the consolidated specimen shows to be an amorphous matrix with partial crystallization. Compressing strength, Young's modulus, micro-hardness, friction and density of the consolidated specimen are about 975 MPa, 121 GPa, 13 GPa, 0.12 and 6599 kg/m³, respectively. Fractograph of the specimen appears to be shear fracture and very few defects can be seen from the picture of SEM.     

放电等离子烧结铁基非晶涂层的滑动与冲蚀磨损性能

目的研究放电等离子烧结的Fe_(48)Cr_(15)Mo_(14)Y_2C_(15)B_6非晶涂层在滑动和冲刷条件下的耐磨性。方法利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备Fe基非晶态合金涂层。通过滑动磨损实验和冲蚀磨损试验,分别评价非晶涂层的滑动磨损性能和冲蚀磨损性能,并通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析非晶涂层的组织结构以及磨损形貌。结果非晶涂层在滑动摩擦条件下,随着载荷由10 N增加至20 N,磨损率由0.089×10~(-3)mm~3/m上升到0.216×10~(-3)mm~3/m,但摩擦系数由0.841减小到0.778。非晶涂层在冲蚀磨损条件下的体积磨损率随着冲蚀角度(30°~90°)的增加,先增大后减小,45°时达到极大值(15.80 mm~3/h)。磨损表面形貌表明,铁基非晶的滑动磨损机制主要是疲劳磨损和粘着磨损,冲蚀磨损机制主要表现为构成涂层的粉末颗粒的脆性剥落。结论与常用AISI 52100轴承钢相比,SPS制备的非晶涂层在滑动摩擦条件下有着显著的低磨损率和低摩擦系数,但在冲蚀磨损条件下的耐磨性能较差。     

Influence of mechanically milled powder and high pressure on spark plasma sintering of Mg–Cu–Gd metallic glasses

In this study a gas atomized Mg₆₅Cu₂₅Gd₁₀ amorphous powder was mechanically milled and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at a high pressure (500 MPa) at different temperatures (443, 433, and 423 K) to provide an insight into the consolidation and mechanical behavior of Mg-based metallic glasses. Microstructural evolution in the vicinity of the interfaces of SPSed Mg–Cu–Gd BMG powders was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the associated amorphous phase transformation and thermal stability were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that interfacial bonding between amorphous particles was enhanced by the disruption of surface oxides as well as by structural relaxation of the milled powder and the presence of high pressure during SPS. A finite element method with COMSOL software was also applied to investigate and explain the powder packing density, localized heating, and temperature distribution during SPS.     

SPS制备SmCo7-xFex块状纳米晶磁体的研究

采用高能球磨法制得SmCo7-xFex非晶粉末,然后采用放电等离子技术将其烧结为块状纳米晶磁体,对磁体的微观结构和磁性能进行了观察和测试.结果表明,SmCo7-xFex球磨5 h后成为非晶粉末,经SPS烧结后得到1:7相.TEM观察表明,磁体晶粒尺寸在20～50 nm.另外,磁体具有较好的磁性能,当x=0.4时,矫顽力为992.8 kA/m,剩磁为0.634T,(BH)max为69.75KJ/m3.     

Deposition of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based amorphous metallic coatings

Ni₅₃Nb₂₀Ti₁₀Zr₈Co₆Cu₃ (at.%) amorphous alloy with high glass forming ability (GFA), capable of forming a wholly amorphous rod of 3 mm diameter by casting, was adopted to deposit amorphous metallic coatings by high velocity air fuel (HVAF) thermal spraying. The effects of powder feed rate and spraying distance on amorphous phase content and porosity of the coatings were investigated. It was indicated that an appropriate powder feed rate was desirable to produce a coating with high amorphous fraction, whereas a larger spraying distance led to a more dense coating. The corrosion resistance of the sprayed coatings was also examined in 1 M HCl aqueous solution.     

Microstructure of Suspension Plasma Spray and Air Plasma Spray Al2O3-ZrO2 Composite Coatings

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ coatings were deposited by the suspension plasma spray (SPS) molecularly mixed amorphous powder and the conventional air plasma spray (APS) Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ crystalline powder. The amorphous powder was produced by heat treatment of molecularly mixed chemical solution precursors below their crystallization temperatures. Phase composition and microstructure of the as-synthesized and heat-treated SPS and APS coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD analysis shows that the as-sprayed SPS coating is composed of α-Al₂O₃ and tetragonal ZrO₂ phases, while the as-sprayed APS coating consists of tetragonal ZrO₂, α-Al₂O₃, and γ-Al₂O₃ phases. Microstructure characterization revealed that the Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ phase distribution in SPS coatings is much more homogeneous than that of APS coatings.     

Approach of the spark plasma sintering mechanism in Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 metallic glass

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to sinter gas-atomized Zr₅₇Cu₂₀Al₁₀Ni₈Ti₅ amorphous powder. Systematic analyses were performed to study particle size and annealing time effects on the parts structure and properties. Partial devitrification and particles welding were observed and correlated to particle size and thermal conditions. Mechanical testing, through compression and micro-hardness, reveals that the sintered parts show strength similar to a quenched bulk metallic glass and damaging before failure. However, the pulsed current input does not seem the most relevant way to sinter amorphous powders: during the sintering initial stages (when necks are small), excessive over-heating is generated in the vicinity of particles necks, and is responsible for partial devitrification; further current input at large necks leads to complete densification. Effects of the stress, the thermo- and electro-transports on the sintering are evaluated to provide a better understanding of the SPS mechanisms of densification of metallic glasses.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy densified by spark plasma sintering

This study deals with the densification of a pre-alloyed Ti–44Al–6Nb–1Mo–0.2Y–0.1B (at.%) powder by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The powder was produced by a plasma rotating electrode process (PREP), and then SPS densified at temperatures between 1200 and 1320 °C. At SPS temperatures below 1240 °C, the α₂-dominated dendritic structure in the PREP powder particles disappeared and the fully dense microstructure mainly consisting of γ and B2 grains formed during SPS, but several original powder particle boundaries (OPBs) still remained. While sintered above 1240 °C, OPBs vanished entirely and an uniform duplex microstructure emerged. Furthermore, fully-lamellar (FL) microstructure with mean colony size smaller than 20 μm was produced via β-homogenization annealing. This FL microstructure renders a good tensile elongation of 1.25% and yield strength of 665 MPa at room temperature. However, instability of α₂/γ lamellar structures was induced by final stabilization annealing, resulting in sharp reduction of both room-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength.     

放电等离子烧结制备氧化锆陶瓷及其力学性能

以日本Tosoh纳米氧化锆粉体为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术及无压烧结技术制备了氧化锆纳米陶瓷。运用TEM﹑SEM﹑XRD等对粉体和块体进行分析,比较无压烧结及不同SPS烧结温度的样品显微结构及力学性能。结果表明:在试验范围内SPS烧结样品力学性能随烧结温度升高而升高,抗弯曲强度在1500℃时达到1483MPa,可切削性低于无压烧结组。利用放电等离子烧结技术可以明显提高ZrO2的力学性能,但并不能改善其可切削性能。