GIS支持下的湿地遥感信息高精度分类方法研究

遥感影像高精度自动分类方法的实现是制约遥感数据应用的瓶颈之一。以知识和地理信息系统为支撑,进行湿地遥感影像的分类,并对各项分类方法的精度进行比较评价,从而为湿地遥感的分类方法提供依据。实验结果表明经辐射增强降噪处理后湿地边界更加明晰;而对于处于生长期的湿地影像,经过光谱增强缨帽处理后,明显提高了区分湿地亚类的精度。结合以上两种分类方法的优势,利用GIS技术对二者进行空间处理,取长补短,生成了湿地遥感影像分类图。实验证明基于3S技术的分类方法精度更高,是一种较好的湿地影像自动分类方法。     

CBERS与TM遥感影像湿地覆被分类对比分析

为了对比CBERS与TM两种遥感影像在地表覆被信息提取中的具体性能,验证基于CBERS遥感影像进行湿地覆被分类的可行性,以典型内陆淡水湿地区为对象,基于CBERS与TM遥感影像,针对各波段进行信息量统计及光谱特性分析,获取了各波段覆被探测性能的初步认识;运用非监督、监督与面向对象三种代表性分类方法进行分类实验,通过精度误差矩阵对比分类结果,分析了两种遥感影像在湿地覆被分类中的准确程度差异;基于分类结果,通过景观格局指数计算,对比分析了两种影像在湿地覆被信息提取结果上的空间差异和特性。     

基于ALOS影像的盐城海滨湿地遥感信息分类方法研究

盐城海滨湿地类型丰富多样,湿地植物覆被类型之间的生态交错带十分明显,如何更为准确地获得海滨湿地覆盖信息,对湿地研究具有重要价值和意义。以ALOS影像为数据源,江苏盐城海滨湿地核心区为试验区,开展湿地信息遥感分类研究。在对研究区进行非监督分类,分析其限制分类精度原因基础上,针对研究区域的特点提出适合的分类精度改进方法。以非监督分类后的结果为模板,借助分区分层分类方法的思想,通过分析遥感影像光谱信息、纹理信息、主成分变换信息,得到知识规则,以基于知识规则修改的方法对芦苇、米草和盐蒿3种植被交错带进行修正。然后以基于GIS规则的方法对剩余区域进行修正。通过GPS数据进行精度检验,分类精度达到92.6829%,Kappa系数为0.9098。实验证明基于GIS规则和知识规则的分区分层分类法是提高海滨湿地遥感分类精度的有效方法。     

基于多尺度分割的遥感影像滨海湿地分类

基于多尺度的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法研究,可以为滨海湿地动态监测、规划保护提供更详尽的湿地分类信息和更快速的数据获取方法,对湿地保护具有重要意义。选取连云港青口河入海口处湿地为研究区,以高分辨率遥感影像WV\|Ⅱ和航空遥感影像为数据源,利用多尺度分割方法将影像分割成不同层次的实体对象;在不同层次,以实体对象为单元,结合光谱、形状、纹理等不同影像特征,进行滨海湿地分类研究,结果表明:利用该方法分类后,研究区各种湿地类型都达到较高精度。基于多尺度分割的影像分类方法能充分利用各种影像特征完成湿地分类,有效地减少了遥感影像中的“椒盐”现象,提高了分类精度;选择适宜的分割尺度和分割参数是基于多尺度分割的遥感影像分类方法提高精度的前提。     

多特征和多分类器组合的湿地遥感影像分类

为了适应湿地遥感影像分类,选择了湿地影像的典型特征,提出了一种组合多分类器的湿地遥感分类方法。提取湿地遥感影像的独立分量、纹理、湖泊透明度、归一化水体指数、绿度指数和湿度分量特征;选择样本对最小欧氏距离、光谱夹角填图、贝叶斯和支持向量机分类器进行训练学习。根据各分类器的混淆矩阵对其赋权值,检验样本是否满足正态分布;根据权值和假设检验结果构建组合分类器决策网络。实验表明该方法较传统湿地分类方法具有更好的性能和更高的精度。     

基于决策树的干旱区湿地信息自动提取——以疏勒河流域为例

以疏勒河流域为研究区,探讨了干旱区湿地的遥感影像自动提取方法。以Landsat 8卫星影像数据为主要数据源并辅以数字高程模型(DEM),利用改进的干旱区湿地指数(MAZWI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、地表反照率(Albedo)、灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的非相似性分量等识别指数构建决策树模型,对研究区湿地进行提取,并将结果与最大似然分类结果进行对比。结果表明:该方法在一定程度上提高了湿地提取的精度,与最大似然分类结果相比总体精度和Kappa系数分别提高了6.52%和0.124。证明决策树法是干旱区水域湿地自动提取的一种有效手段。     

基于特征向量的遥感影像自动分类研究

为了实现高分辨率遥感影像自动分类及进一步提高非监督分类的精度和效率,提出了一种训练样本自动选取的面向对象自动分类方法。首先利用均值漂移算法对遥感影像进行分割,获取同质性分割单元;然后对分割对象进行多特征（光谱特征、纹理特征和形状特征）提取,基于特征向量的几何距离进行训练样本自动选择,进而利用支持向量机分类器得到分类结果。实验研究表明,提出的面向对象自动分类算法不但可以利用影像对象丰富的特征信息,而且较好地避免了“椒盐现象”,使自动分类的精度和效率得到较大提升。     

遥感影像高性能分类系统设计与实现

面向遥感影像解译需求,针对遥感图像数据量大,时间分辨率高的特点,基于AOI样本数据库及遥感影像并行处理技术,设计实现了一套快速、自动、稳定的分类系统。应用AOI样本数据库有效提取、管理AOI信息,自动生成训练样本文件,提高环境卫星影像分类的自动化程度及解译精度;并行化分类方法在保证计算精度的情况下有效提高了分类速度。实验结果证明,本系统提高了分类执行效率,实现了对遥感影像的快速分类。     

基于多季相Sentinel-2影像的白洋淀湿地信息提取

白洋淀湿地是华北平原上重要的浅水湖泊湿地,对雄安新区绿色发展具有重要的生态价值。对白洋淀高度异质化的景观格局进行分类,能够为白洋淀湿地资源的遥感监测提供指导意义。针对湿地季节变化的特点,对白洋淀每个季节选取一期具有代表性的Sentinel-2影像,采用分类与回归树（CART）、支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）3种常用的机器学习分类器对15种季相组合实验方案进行分类,分析不同季相遥感影像及其组合对白洋淀湿地信息提取的优劣。结果表明：相较于使用单一季相影像分类,多季相影像的组合能够显著提高分类精度,春&夏季相组合能够得到最优的分类效果,相对单季影像总体分类精度提高了10.9%~25.5%,Kappa系数提高了0.09~0.29;SVM分类器的分类表现较为稳定,能够得到最高的平均分类精度,CART分类器在处理高维特征的能力不如随机森林和SVM;不同特征类型对湿地信息提取的贡献度从高到底依次是红边光谱特征、传统光谱特征、缨帽变换特征、主成分分析特征、纹理特征。实验成果能为湿地信息的遥感识别提供依据。     

多种分类器融合的遥感影像分类

在遥感影像分类应用中,不同分类器的分类精度是不同的,而同一分类器对不同类别的分类精度也是不相同的。多分类器结合的思想就是利用现有分类器之间的互补性,通过适当的方法将不同的分类器之间进行优势互补,往往可以得到比单个分类器更好的分类结果。本文研究了如何在Matlab下采用最短距离分类器、贝叶斯分类器、BP神经网络分类器对影像进行分类,并采用投票法进行多种分类器结合的遥感影像分类,最后进行分类后处理。实验结果表明多分类器结合的遥感影像分类比单一分类器分类的精度高。     

基于决策树分类技术的遥感影像分类方法研究

以河北唐山为研究区,应用Landsat ETM+影像数据和GIS数据,对决策树分类技术和传统计算机自动分类方法进行了比较。研究表明:决策树与传统自动分类方法相比,分类精度提高了18.29%,Kappa系数提高0.1878。在地形起伏的山区,应用DEM及其衍生数据等GIS数据作为辅助数据可以提高分类精度19.52%,Kappa系数提高0.281;反射率影像分类效果比原始DN值影像的分类效果好,分类精度提高15.86%;缨帽变换在压缩数据量的同时,分类精度有所降低。     

A novel self‐organizing neuro‐fuzzy multilayered classifier for land cover classification of a VHR image

A novel self‐organizing neuro‐fuzzy multilayered classifier (SONeFMUC) is introduced in this paper, with feature selection capabilities, for the classification of an IKONOS image. The structure of the proposed network is developed in a sequential fashion using the group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm. The node models, regarded as generic classifiers, are represented by fuzzy rule‐based systems, combined with a fusion scheme. A data splitting mechanism is incorporated to discriminate between correctly classified and ambiguous pixels. The classifier was tested on the wetland of international importance of Lake Koronia, Greece, and the surrounding agricultural area. To achieve higher classification accuracy, the image was decomposed into two zones: the wetland and the agricultural zones. Apart from the initial bands, additional input features were considered: textural features, intensity–hue–saturation (IHS) and tasseled cap transformation. To assess the quality of the suggested model, the SONeFMUC was compared with a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). The experimental results show that the SONeFMUC exhibited superior performance to the MLC, providing less confusion of the dominant classes in both zones. In the wetland zone, an overall accuracy of 89.5% was attained.     

Integration of IRS-1A L2 data by fuzzy logic approaches for landuse classification

A methodology has been formulated to integrate images from IRS-1A LISS II of two dates for landuse/landcover classification. The methodology developed includes image classification by fuzzy k-means clustering and fusion of memberships by fuzzy set theoretic operators. The two date images have been geometrically coregistered and classified for the identification of land classes individually. The fuzzy memberships of the classified output images have been integrated by using fuzzy logic operators like algebraic sum and gamma (gamma) operator. The classification accuracy of the resultant land classes in the integrated images was verified with the ground data collected in situ. The resultant images have been evaluated by kappa (kappa) statistic and it was found that output from the image of fuzzy algebraic sum operator scored high in generating the land classes, with an overall accuracy of 95%.     

Change Detection Using Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Networks: Environmental Damage Assessment after the Gulf War

This article introduces an adaptive fuzzy neural network classifier for environmental change detection and classification applied to monitor landcover changes resulting from the Gulf War. In this study, landcover change is treated as a qualitative shift between landcover categories. The Change Detection Adaptive Fuzzy (CDAF) network learns fuzzy membership functions for each landcover class present at the first image date based on a sample of the image data. An image from a later date is then classified using this network to recognize change among familiar classes as well as change to unfamiliar landcover classes. The CDAF network predicts landcover change with 86% accuracy representing an improvement over both a standard multidate K-means technique which performed at 70% accuracy and a hybrid approach using a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC)/K-means which achieved 65% accuracy. In this study, we developed a hybrid classifier based on conventional statistical methods (MLC/K-means classifier) for comparison purposes to help evaluate the performance of the CDAF network. The CDAF compared with existing change detection methodology has two features that lead to significant performance improvements: 1) new landcover types created by a change event automatically lead to the establishment of new landcover categories through an unsupervised learning strategy, and 2) for each pixel the distribution of fuzzy membership values across possible categories are compared to determine whether a significant change has occurred.     

Object-based image analysis of optical and radar variables for wetland evaluation

Optical and radar imagery has been shown to be useful for classifying wetland types and surrounding non-wetland classes such as forest and agriculture. Throughout the literature, recommendations have been made that optical and radar image variables together should improve overall and individual class accuracies. object-based image analysis (OBIA) uses multiple data types to segment objects representing land cover entities that are subsequently classified. There are few studies that have utilized optical and polarimetric radar variables together in OBIA to map wetland classes. This research investigated the potential to combine WorldView-2 optical image variables with fully polarimetric Radarsat-2 image variables in OBIA classification of wetland type. With the addition of radar polarimetric variables, classification accuracy improved for the wetland classes of fen, bog, and swamp over the use of optical imagery alone; specifically the addition of Cloude–Pottier (CP) variables of entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle improved the classification of fen, and the addition of horizontal transmit and horizontal receive (HH) and horizontal transmit and vertical receive (HV) backscatter intensity improved the classification of swamp.     

A Hierarchical Classification and Iterative Model based Methodfor Remote Sensing Classification of Land Cover

Land cover classification based on remote sensing is an important means to analyze the change and spatial pattern of land use.In order to further improve the classification accuracy,this paper proposed a hierarchical classification and iterative CART model based method for remote sensing classification of landcover.Firstly,the extraction order of land cover classes was determined based on the class separability evaluation,which was water,vegetation,bare soil and built-up land.Secondly,we selected the optimal image segmentation parameters and a set of sensitive features for each class during the hierarchical classification process.Finally,object-based training samples were selected to be fed into the iterative CART algorithm for the successive extraction of the first three classes,with the remaining unclassified objects being directly assigned to the last class.Results demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly reduce the mixture between bare soil and built-up land,and is capable of achieving landcover classification with much higher accuracy.The proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of 85.76% and a Kappa efficient of 0.72,with the performance improvements ranging from 10.67% to 16.5% and 0.15 to 0.21 as compared SVM and CART single classification methods.The classification accuracy of a specific class can be flexibly adjusted using this method,giving different purposes of classification.This method can also be easily extended to other districts and disciplines involving remote sensing image classification.     

山东省寿光市滨海地区盐田信息提取方法研究

山东省寿光市滨海地区盐田水体因含盐度高,其光谱特征与海域水体及其他地物差异大,光谱特征显著;盐田系人为建造,排列整齐\,几何特征明显,遥感影像上表现为纹理特征显著(棋盘状纹理、条纹状纹理),纹理指标可计算性强。首先采用缨帽变换方法增强光谱信息,采用定向滤波及灰度共生矩阵方法增强纹理信息;其次基于增强的光谱与纹理信息,采用以面向应用为目的的感兴趣地物提取方法对研究区TM图像进行分类,将分类结果与仅依据纯光谱及仅依据纯纹理分类结果相对比,分类总体精度分别为90.8985%、84.9102%和60.4017%。结果表明:以面向应用为目的的感兴趣地物提取方法分类精度最高。     

基于MRF模型和EM算法的多源图像融合方法

提出了两种图像融合方法.该方法首先利用EM-MRF算法与模糊分类方法的等价性,将EM-MRF算法引入到图像融合领域.在此基础上,利用统计模型对图像进行非监督分类的模型参数估计转化通过EM算法从不完全数据中估计模型参数的问题,并利用Markov随机场模型建立类别的先验概率、EM迭代算法进行图像分类的方法有较高的分类精度和鲁棒性,导出了基于分布式和集中式多传感器图像融合模型的两种融合方法.最后仿真试验表明,这两种融合方法既可以提高分类精度,又可以加强对噪声的抗干扰能力.