简论锰铁高炉的技术改造

简述高碳锰铁市场竞争加剧，具备发展基本条件的高炉锰铁厂必须加快技术改造以增强市场竞争能力，提出了锰铁高炉技术改造的方针重点。     

高炉冶炼锰铁

1高炉冶炼锰铁的变迁最早采用高炉冶炼锰铁合金的是法国的普尔塞尔和南威尔士派尔。1875年以后，随着技术的不断改进，高炉冶炼锰铁技术逐渐推向世界。1949年，我国阳泉钢铁厂用高炉冶炼出锰铁合金。1950年，鞍山钢铁公司、重庆钢铁公司先后使用即将大修的生铁高炉改炼锰铁成功。新余钢铁公司（新钢）1960年开始生产高炉锰铁，但其高炉系统所需煤气需由生铁高炉提供。1962年，新钢在255m’锰铁高炉上回收煤气试验成功。从此，我国高炉锰铁生产走上了不依赖生铁高炉供应煤气的独立经营的道路，进而在全国形成了新钢、阳泉钢铁厂、湘潭锰矿等5…     

我国锰铁高炉技术改造方向

本文针对我国锰铁高炉现状,从高炉冶炼锰铁的特点出发,借鉴国内外炼铁技术改造经验,围绕节能、降耗、降成本,提高经济效益的宗旨,提出了我国锰铁高炉的技术改造方向。     

锰铁高炉中锰的还原机理浅析

一、引 言 锰铁炉冶炼已有很久的历史,虽然国外高炉锰铁有被电炉锰铁取代的势头,但就我国的矿石资源、能源结构等现状看,锰铁高炉冶炼工艺还有其强大的生命力;为此,探讨锰在锰铁高炉中的还原机理,进而做到有效地强化高炉锰铁的冶炼,使之高产低耗十分必要。有关这方面的实验研究还很少,本文根据新钢的操作数据及现象,对锰铁高炉中锰的还原机理进行初步分析。     

锰矿高炉提高锰回收率途径的探讨

本文通过对湘潭锰矿锰铁高炉和国内有关锰铁高炉生产实践的分析比较,结合有关院校的理论研究成果,探讨了提高锰铁高炉锰回收率的途径。     

高炉冶炼锰铁数学模型的研究

通过锰铁高炉在一定冶炼条件下建立的数学模型方程式,找出冶炼锰铁理论焦比的计算方法,从而有了评价高炉锰铁冶炼操作水平的基准。提出了锰铁高炉降低焦比的技术改造方向。     

锰铁高炉喷吹自产锰尘的探讨

根据国内外高炉喷矿技术的进展和新钢公司锰尘利用的实际情况，对锰铁高炉喷吹自产锰尘进行了探讨。     

锰铁高炉高碱法生产高品位锰铁的工艺实践

介绍了利用高炉高碱法试制Mn≥77.5%高炉高碳锰铁的生产实践，即在高炉正常生产Mn70%高碳锰铁的基础上，增加孰料比、提高风温，造贫渣生产Mn78%高碳锰铁；贫渣直接风淬综合利用。通过选择合适的渣型和出渣温度、降低高炉渣含锰量，控制高炉锰铁中的硅含量等技术措施，提高了锰的回收率，从而使产品试制获得成功。     

锰铁高炉运用吨锰铁耗锰量和吨锰铁损锰量两指标的实际意义

为了更好地反映锰铁高炉生产的实际情况,作者通过实例分析提出,考核高炉各项指标还应增加吨锰铁耗锰量和吨锰铁损锰量两项,并列出相应的计算方法。     

锰铁高炉提高锰回收率的措施

根据锰铁高炉实际生产经验，分析了影响锰金属回收率的因素，指出了提高锰金属回收率所采取的措施。     

Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) Encode Relevant Problem Features in a Tool-Using Task.

Two important elements in problem solving are the abilities to encode relevant task features and to combine multiple actions to achieve the goal. The authors investigated these 2 elements in a task in which gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) had to use a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach reward. Subjects were able to select tools of an appropriate length to reach the reward even when the position of the reward and tools were not simultaneously visible. When presented with tools that were too short to retrieve the reward, subjects were more likely to refuse to use them than when tools were the appropriate length. Subjects were proficient at using tools in sequence to retrieve the reward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Impact of Federal Environmental Requirements on Proposed Highway or Bridge Project

Prior to construction of a bridge or highway, the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) requires an evaluation of the effect of the project on the human environment. The purpose of NEPA is to require the head of the federal agency that is committing funds to the project to consider its actions before deciding to proceed with the project. This paper will analyze the general provisions of NEPA to remove some of the mystery related to the environmental concerns raised by bridge or highway projects and to emphasize to transportation planners that these concerns must be addressed prior to beginning a major bridge or highway project. The intent of this paper is to provide some guidance to transportation planners in light of these statutes as they begin the planning stages for highway and bridge projects.     

Damage Detection through Analysis of Modes in a Partially Constrained Plate

The need for aircraft, both military and civilian, to serve longer and cost less to operate is ever present. The ability to potentially extend service life and reduce operating and maintenance costs are key factors in the many choices with aircraft programs. The field of structural health monitoring attempts to reduce labor and cost by allowing technicians to monitor selected properties of an aircraft’s structure to detect impending failure. This research examines methods to detect damage to a thermal protection system tile using representative aluminum plates. Plates are subjected to modal analysis in single and joined conditions in an attempt to provide the capability of sensing damage to a tile on the surface of a vehicle whereas the sensors remain on the substructure of the airframe. Jointly, the development of a means to model the system using finite-element techniques is explored. It is found that the finite-element modeling technique produces correlating modal frequencies within a 7.19% worst case average when compared to the physical tests. This leads to the ability to compare mode shapes and frequencies to detect damage in such a system.     

固定式精炼炉的改进

江西铜业集团公司贵溪冶炼厂(简称贵冶)固定式精炼炉,因其在设计上存在缺陷及生产工艺的改变,不能满足生产的需要。在生产实践中积累经验后,将其进行技术改造。将改造前后的不同状况列出进行比较,从而阐述改造后取得的效果,最后列举出贵冶固定式精炼炉目前还存在的不合理因素,并设计出解决的方案,做到工作持续推进。     

Rapid Bridge Replacement under Emergency Situation: Case Study

The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, and subsequent potential threats to the United States transportation systems have presented an urgent need to elevate the security of the transportation infrastructure and to develop emergency response plans to quickly react to the possible consequences of an extreme event. Highway bridges, as critical components of the nation’s transportation network, have been brought to closer attention by government agencies. A research project was conducted to identify strategies and technologies to restore the use of a damaged bridge quickly. One of the tasks associated with the research was to perform several case studies of previous bridge replacements following extreme events. These events include explosion and fire caused by vehicle impact, vessel collision with a bridge, and damage caused by flood and earthquake. By studying the cases, the research team seeks to identify and expand on lessons learned and address which actions did and did not work well given the circumstances of the incident. These lessons have great value to the people who need to develop and implement an emergency response plan.     

Probability of Project Completion Using Stochastic Project Scheduling Simulation

This paper introduces a software, Stochastic Project Scheduling Simulation (SPSS), developed to measure the probability to complete a project in a certain time specified by the user. To deliver a project by a completion date committed to in a contract, a number of activities need to be carried out. The time that an entire project takes to complete and the activities that determine total project duration are always questionable because of the randomness and stochastic nature of the activities’ durations. Predicting a project completion probability is valuable, particularly at the time of bidding. The SPSS finds the longest path in a network and runs the network a number of times specified by the user and calculates the stochastic probability to complete the project in the specified time. The SPSS can be used by a contractor: (1) to predict the probability to deliver the project in a given time frame and (2) to assess its capabilities to meet the contractual requirement before bidding. The SPSS can also be used by a construction owner to quantify and analyze the risks involved in the schedule. The benefits of the tool to researchers are: (1) to solve program evaluation and review technique problems; (2) to complement Monte Carlo simulation by applying the concept of project network modeling and scheduling with probabilistic and stochastic activities via a web based Java Simulation which is operateable over the Internet, and (3) to open a way to compare a project network having different distribution functions.     

Retrofit Storm Water Retention Volume for Low Impact Development

The concept of low impact development (LID) applies decentralized on-site runoff source control to storm water management. LID is an integration of bioretention and vegetated landscapes to maintain a catchment’s hydrologic and ecological functions. In current practice, the LID implementation is quantified for the specified watershed development. During the dynamic development process, the existing LID facilities have to be improved according to the incremental changes in the watershed. This technical note presents an on-site hydrologic approach to relate the required incremental storm water retention volume to the alteration of surface imperviousness in the tributary area. This approach allows the storm water retention volume to be tailored according to the stage of the watershed development. Cumulatively, the total storage volume can be achieved though multiple stages of the watershed development. The incremental retention volume is found to be related to the local average event rainfall depth. Design charts were produced and normalized by the local average rainfall event depth for generalized applicability.     

Modeling Residual Displacements of Concrete Bridge Columns under Earthquake Loads Using Fiber Elements

Nonlinear dynamic analysis with fiber-element models is now widely used to assess the seismic response of bridge structures. The ability of such models to accurately simulate response parameters for characterizing the postearthquake condition of bridges, namely residual displacements, is assessed by comparison of analyses of dynamically loaded reinforced concrete bridge columns to experimental data. The models are unable to capture residual displacements, and the cause of the inability to capture residual displacements is investigated through dynamic analysis of fiber-element and single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. A certain type of pinching present in the numerical hysteretic response shape is found to lead to poor residual displacement simulation both in the SDOF models and in fiber-element models. When eliminating this pinching, improvements to residual displacement simulation are found. A modified concrete constitutive model representing damage accumulation from cyclic loading is implemented for the fiber-element analysis that incorporates changes to reloading behavior when moving from high tensile strain back to compression. Analysis using the modified concrete constitutive model leads to improvements in the ability of the fiber-element model to capture residual displacements.     

Review of Repairing your marriage after his affair: A woman’s guide to hope and healing.

Reviews the book, Repairing your marriage after his affair: A woman's guide to hope and healing by Marcella Bakur Weiner and Armand DiMele (1998). This book addresses the difficult task of reestablishing trust in the marriage after an affair and offers specific guidelines for discussions that aid the healing process. The authors recommend exercises that help the couple break down the barriers to intimacy and cultivate greater happiness in the marriage. They also include a chapter for handling children during this critical period and suggest ways to minimize the trauma to them. Their advice is sound and their suggestions for recovery quite practical and valuable to any woman struggling to come to terms with her partner's affair. The authors provide some helpful information to the woman contending with this problem and hoping to continue in the marriage. It is likely to appeal most to the woman reluctant to enter individual or couple therapy with her husband, yet needing some help in coping with the intense emotions at this confusing time; it can help her in deciding whether to leave or stay in the marriage. The book can also be used as an adjunct to therapy for women already in treatment who might want supplemental reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Particle Swarm Optimization for Preemptive Scheduling under Break and Resource-Constraints

This paper introduces a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based methodology to implement preemptive scheduling under break and resource-constraints (PSBRC) for construction projects. The PSBRC under study allows the preemptive activities to be interrupted in off-working time and not to resume immediately in the next working period because all the limited resources are to be reallocated during a break. The potential solution to the PSBRC, i.e., a set of priorities deciding the order to start the activities or restart the interrupted activities, is represented by the multidimensional particle position. Hence PSO is applied to search for the optimal schedule for the PSBRC, in which a parallel scheme is adopted to transform the particle-represented priorities to a schedule. Computational analyses are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This paper provides an attempt to make use of preemption and break for the resource-constrained construction project with the objective of minimizing project duration.