论开发农村石油市场

由于历史原因，对农村石油市场开发力度不够。随着农村石油市场需求的不断增加，农村石油市场亟待开发，开发农村石油市场的思路是：布网设点，邀社会加油站加盟，实行加油站连锁经营。     

关于农村加油网点建设的几点思考

为了提高成品油在农村市场的占有率，围绕农村市场的潜力、投资风险和对系统外加油站(点)的吸纳问题，阐发了几点思考，提出：石油公司在农村建设加油网点时，应进行深入的调查研究，做出恰当的网点发展总体规划；就农村网点的销售价格、利润和投资回报进行了具体预测；对系统外加油站(点)的吸纳问题，以联营形式最好，采用会员证(卡)的形式是建立稳固购销关系的好办法。     

论加油站建设与管理 2 加油站建设规划与选址

简述加油站的等级划分．城区、公路、郊区与农村加油站的建设规划、选址的原则和步骤。     

关于加油站安全防范工作的思考

随着石油产品经营的全面放开,市场竞争日趋白热化。为了争取用户、占领市场、扩大零售比重,这些年来,各级石油公司在加油站建设上作了较大的投入,所建加油站也越来越多。其中有不少加油站建在远离市区的城乡结合部,有些则建在偏僻的农村。为了竞争,许多加油站     

低效站“三个转型”见成效

宏伟加油站是黑龙江销售七台河分公司一座偏远的农村站，属于低效站。2006年通过竞聘上任的朱丽鹃开始经营这座小站。她从细节入手，以情感促销售，变压力为动力，刻苦钻研业务技术、提高服务技能和灵活的客户服务手段，通过“三个转型”使一座低效加油站2007年取得了不俗的成绩。     

加油站经营风险分析及管理对策

近几年,加油站的发展可谓是日益壮大,无论是在农村还是城市,加油站随处可见,而也有越来越多的人选择去经营一家加油站,但是其中也有不少人是盲目的去经营,没有找到经营的正确方法,导致经营不但没有赚到钱,反而赔的血本无归。加油站是一项有风险的投资,加油站里都是易燃易爆的物品,一不小心就会泄漏,造成的后果不堪设想,所以,根据加油站一些现状,笔者对加油站的经营管理进行了分析。     

低效站“包”出高效益

中国石油四川销售广元分公司借用"家庭联产承包"的模式,对年销量3000吨以下的农村加油站,出台了小站经营承包指导意见,把低效加油站"逼上梁山"。     

迪拜如何应对柴油荒

迪拜国家石油公司的加油站，每天都挤满了来加柴油的大型货车或是拖车，现在的加油站更像是大型货车的停车场。迪拜国家石油公司所属加油站的柴油比其他加油站的便宜，所以很多顾客都选择去这家石油公司的加油站。该石油公司在迪拜拥有127座加油站，每个加油站都排着长队。     

实施精细化管理提高加油站安全管理工作质量

随着加油站数量增加、成品油销售规模扩大，加油站的管理者应设法开展更为精细化的安全管理工作，以避免加油站出现安全生产事故，对周边群众造成巨大的影响。针对我国加油站安全管理工作的现状进行了论述，再分析了加油站安全管理工作的特点以及现阶段加油站存在的安全风险，然后探究了我国加油站安全管理工作中的主要问题，并依据问题成因提出了提高加油站安全管理工作质量的举措。     

浅谈加油站的现金保管与防盗

随着加油站网点的不断扩大，加油站营业款的增多和社会治安形势的严峻性，加油站愈来愈成为社会犯罪分子实施盗窃的重点目标，研究新形势下的加油站现金保管与防盗，应该成为当前加油站安全保卫工作重要内容之一。     

An overview on principle,techniques and application of hyperspectral imaging with special reference to ham quality evaluation and control

There are a large number of ham products produced and consumed throughout the world. The quality of ham is usually evaluated by human quality inspector based on grading standards. To maintain ham quality, processors need to carry out some destructive analysis of samples, which is usually laborious, time consuming and possesses the variability associated with human perception. Therefore, there is a need for the development of objective quality measurement or evaluation systems. Processors expect in-situ non-destructive measurements that can provide objective parameters with the incorporation of all the quality attributes and correlate them with the most demanding quality standards and consumer preferences. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising technology that integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy to attain both spatial and spectral information from the sample. Although the hyperspectral imaging approach has not been widely used for the quality evaluation of hams, it possesses a great potential in attaining information about different physico-chemical properties of ham. With the application of this technology, quality of ham could be ensured in a non-destructive manner and with confidence. The aim of this review is to discuss about the opportunities relating to hyperspectral imaging techniques in the quality evaluation and control of ham.     

地层品质因子的几种定义及相互关系

地层品质因子是描述地层吸收衰减特性的重要参数之-。文中结合非弹性介质地震波传播衰减理论,借鉴各种地层速度的定义模式,分别定义了层品质因子、射线平均品质因子、以及三种平均品质因子和三种均方根品质因子;探讨了不同品质因子的差异及相互关系;同时给出了基于叠前与叠后地震资料进行层品质因子估算的递推算法。研究结果表明,地层品质因子与地层速度-样在剖面上具有成层分布的特点。射线平均品质因子是描述地震波沿不同射线路径传播的吸收衰减特性的最精确的参数之-,可以作为评价其他品质因子精度的重要指标。射线平均品质因子随炮检距的变化揭示了品质因子随炮检距变化(QVO)的内在本质。在常规地震勘探排列范围内,基于波垂直层面传播和类似平均速度形式定义的两种平均品质因子分别构成了射线平均品质因子的下限和近似上限值;视均方根品质因子较基于耗散率平方的时间加权均方根倒数和品质因子平方的时间加权均方根定义的两种均方根品质因子更具有实际应用价值。     

An improved traceability system for food quality assurance and evaluation based on fuzzy classification and neural network

Currently, the food safety incidents happened frequently in china and the customer confidence declined rapidly, then the problems related to food quality and safety have attracted more and more social attention. Considering the concern with regard to food quality assurance and consumer confidence improvement, many companies have developed a traceability system to visualize the supply chain and avoid food safety incidents. In this paper, we proposed an improved food traceability system which can not only achieve forward tracking and diverse tracing like the existing systems do, but also evaluate the food quality timely along the supply chain and provide consumers with these evaluating information, to mainly enhance the consumer experience and help firms gain the trust of consumers. For the food quality evaluation, the method of fuzzy classification was used to evaluate the food quality at each stages of supply chain while the artificial neural network was adopted to derive the final determination of the grade of food quality according to all the stage quality evaluations. A case study of a pork producer was conducted, and the results showed that the improved traceability system performed well in food quality assurance and evaluation. In addition, implications of the proposed approach were discussed, and suggestions for future work were outlined.     

塔北隆起中、新生界陆相碎屑岩储集层特征及评价

塔北隆地优质储集层的分布区控制了该区油气的分布。根据大量岩心的物性检测资料,对塔北隆起第二系——三叠系的碎屑岩储集层进行评价。储集层岩性以长石砂岩,岩屑砂岩为土,物性总体较好,以高孔—中,高渗及中孔—中渗为主,仅侏罗系储集层物性总体偏差,储集层评价以较好、中等储集层为主。其中,新近系与油 组优质储集层分布于塔北的东部地区,吉近系苏维依组优质储集层分布于东部及北部地区;白主系优质储集层主要分布于西部的羊塔克地区、英尺7井区、红旗区带侏罗系储集层物性下部好于上部,哈拉哈塘凹陷储集层较好;三叠系储集层较侏罗系储集层好,优质储集层分布于塔北中部轮南地区、中东部草湖凹陷及西部地区的南部地带。图1表5参4。     

内部控制制度与质量管理体系的整合及效果

全球经济一体化进程的推进,对企业管理水平提出了更高要求。结合《企业内部控制基本规范》,从质量管理体系的背景要求和基本内容入手,寻找出二者之间的相似性或相关性。阐述在此基础上制定的内部控制制度与质量管理体系整合计划,及分阶段、分步骤实施整合所取得的效果。     

Food quality management system: Reviewing assessment strategies and a feasibility study for European food small and medium-sized enterprises

Literature indicates a need for a user-friendly food quality management system (FQMS) customized to the requirements of food small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for improving product and process quality and enhancing customer satisfaction. Application of quality management system within discreet and process industries is evident. However, there are limited studies that focused on the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) among SMEs operating in the food sector. This study explains the results of a feasibility study on FQMS among European Food SMEs. The objective of this study is to diagnose the status of the FQMS, and to find out what motivates and hinders the successful implementation of FQMS in SMEs. The findings show that none of the food SMEs involved in this study implements FQMS in its true form. The size of the company is a significant factor with respect to quality management implementation, as medium-sized companies were more mature in FQMS implementation compared to their small and micro counterparts. The confectionery, chocolate and meat sectors are more advanced than bakery, packaged fruits and vegetables sectors, with respect to the implementation of quality management tools and techniques. The study revealed that the most important benefits of a quality management system were reduction in cost of production and increased productivity. The key barrier to implementation of FQMS was “lack of knowledge and training” among food SMEs.     

评价固井质量仿真技术的研究与应用

针对中原油田套管损坏十分严重的问题,开发研制了TP130TT高抗挤套管。?152.4mmTP130TT高抗挤厚壁套管的使用使得声波-变密度测井产生异常,难以准确评价固井质量,给测井资料解释带来困难。通过固井质量仿真物理模型制作及声波-变密度测井资料的分析评价与解剖验证,获得了不同固井质量情况下的声波-变密度解释理论图版。建立了?139.7mm套管固井质量解释评价新标准,解决了?152.4mm厚壁套管固井质量解释难题。测井解释图版的应用使固井质量解释更加定量化、科学化。该技术的应用提高了油田的开发水平,减少了事故的发生,综合经济效益显著。     

深层复杂储集体优质储层形成机理与油气成藏——以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系为例

综合运用岩心观察、薄片分析、岩石物性测试、同位素测试以及试油、试采结果分析等方法,对济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系深层复杂储集体优质储层形成机理与油气成藏过程进行了研究。研究表明,酸-碱流体交替溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙在一定程度上改善了深层局部储层物性,是深层优质储层形成的关键。深层不同层序沉积物原始组分、流体环境、源-储配置等条件的不同,使优质储层的形成机理存在差异。初始裂陷层序河流-冲积扇红层优质储层发育于碱性环境,且与烃源岩侧向接触,不仅发生大量的长石和碳酸盐岩溶蚀,石英也发生强烈的溶蚀。扩展裂陷层序陡坡扇三角洲、水下扇砂砾岩优质储层与烃源岩呈指状接触,且通过控盆断层与深部碱性流体沟通,主要表现为长石和碳酸盐岩溶蚀,石英只是局部少量溶蚀。扩展裂陷层序滩坝砂和浊积岩优质储层大部分分布于烃源岩中,主要表现为长石和碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。缓坡断阶带处于流体优势运移通道,与烃源岩对接的红层优质储集有利于成藏。陡坡带扇根遮挡的扇中砂砾岩优质储层有利于油气成藏。处于生烃增压烃源岩中,发生成岩耗水的滩坝砂和浊积岩优质储层有利于成藏。     

RFCC汽油质量波动因素分析及对策

随着RFCC掺渣比的提高和原料碳含量的增加,原脱臭工艺技术无法满足产品的质量要求。通过分析RFCC脱臭汽油质量波动的原因,提出了从优化原料性质、操作参数和改变工艺方法等方面改进汽油质量,认为Merox抽提塔与固定床无碱脱臭技术相结合可提高硫醇脱除率,提高产品质量,满足汽油产品的质量指标,并具有显著的经济效益。     

提高基础油和脱油蜡收率及质量的研究

传统工艺与加氢处理相结合可有效提高基础油的品质,生产高档重质基础油。临商原油的轻脱油采用传统工艺与加氢处理相结合的工艺技术,可以生产优质HVIⅡ150BS基础油。脱蜡助剂可有效提高溶剂脱蜡装置的处理量,提高脱蜡油收率,降低蜡膏含油量,提高蜡产品质量,减小溶剂比,降低能耗。