用辐射接枝法对HDPE膜进行功能化改性

利用预辐射接枝技术,在聚乙烯膜上接枝苯乙烯磺酸钠（ＳＳＳ）、苯乙烯三甲基氯化铵（ＶＢＴＡＣ）等具有离子交换性能的单体,研制出具有抗菌性能的离子交换膜,并且使得原先增水性的基膜转变为亲水性较好的膜。通过实验,掌握了膜的接枝工艺,并对膜接枝过程、结构特征、经性能有较多的了解。从各个角度对膜的亲水性能作了定量研究,提出了水合数与表面自由能的计算方法。对几种膜的抗菌性能进行了评价。确定了ＶＢＴＡＣ膜作为抗     

预辐射接枝法制备FEP-g-PSSA/AA膜

采用γ射线预辐射接枝方法制备了FEP—g—PSSA／AA膜，反应制得的接枝膜是一种含氟磺酸型质子交换膜。系统研究了影响接枝反应的阻聚剂用量、膜的厚度、单体摩尔比及总摩尔浓度变化等因素。结果表明，丙烯酸（Acrylic acid，AA）与苯乙烯磺酸钠（Sodium styrene sulfonate，SSS）对全氟乙丙烯（Polytetranuoroethyleneco-hexanuoropropylene，FEP）的接枝率几乎不受膜厚度变化的影响，而且全氟乙丙烯（FEP）辐照后放置三个月再进行接枝反应，接枝率也几乎没有变化。     

HDPE膜预辐照接枝VBTAC制备阴离子交换膜

在氮气保护下,利用预辐照接枝技术在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)膜上接枝苯乙烯三甲基氯化铵(VBTAC)单体,以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)单体作为接枝辅助单体来提高VBTAC的接枝率,制备出阴离子交换膜,解决了在HDPE上难以直接接枝聚合VBTAC的问题.本文研究了接枝条件及接枝液的组分对接枝的影响,并用X射线显微分析方法研究了VBTAC的接枝进程和接枝分布.     

HDPE膜预辐射接枝NIPA/AAc制备环境敏感性水凝胶

采用高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE)预辐射接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)和丙烯酸(AAc),制备既具有温度敏感又具有pH敏感的水凝胶。着重研究了吸收剂量、剂量率、单体浓度、反应时间、接枝单体配比、溶剂等实验条件对接枝率的影响,测试了水凝胶的温度敏感性和pH敏感性。     

聚四氟乙烯膜辐射接枝反应条件的研究

采用了共辐射接枝技术，在室温下将苯乙烯接枝到聚四氟乙烯薄膜上，合成了辐射接枝膜。研究了溶剂种类、单体浓度、辐射剂量以及剂量率等因素对接枝反应的影响。结果表明，单体浓度和辐射剂量率是反应的主要影响因素，两者对接枝反应速率的影响指数分别为1．2和0．4。     

HDPE预辐照接枝SSS与AA体系的反应动力学研究

采用电子束引发预辐照接枝方法在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)上接枝丙烯酸(AA)与对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)两种单体,以制备含磺酸和羧酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜。研究发现,接枝速率与辐照剂量、单体总浓度及反应温度密切相关。接枝反应的活化能为22．2kJ／mol。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试表明,接枝膜上引入了磺酸基团和羧酸基团。     

丙烯酸在PET膜表面的紫外光共辐射接枝

讨论了水性体系中，经紫外光（ＵＶ）辐射引发在ＰＥＴ膜表面的丙烯酸接枝聚合反应的实验影响因素，考察了光敏剂、单体浓度以及接枝反应温度对接枝率的影响，以及不同接枝率下接枝膜对水接触角的变化。     

聚乙烯辐照接枝体系改变pH对接枝率的影响

采用γ射线辐照引发接枝的方法，在高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）上接枝丙烯酸（AA）和对接枝苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS），制备了一种含羧酸基团和磺酸基团的阳离子交换膜，详细研究了反应体系在不同pH值下的接枝率变化规律。实验表明，在共辐照接枝方法中，当AA与SSS一步法接枝HDPE或接枝上AA的HDPE膜再共辐照接枝SSS时，总接枝率（Gt）及对苯乙烯磺酸钠的接枝率（Gs）随体系的pH的降低而升高，在预辐照一步法接枝中，Gt与Gs随体系pH的降低先升高后又有所降低，综合分析认为，改变pH值使体系粘度发生变化，从而影响了单体向基体的扩散速率。     

PVA膜共辐射接枝改性的初步研究

研究了温度敏感性聚合物聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺在ＰＶＡ膜上的共辐射接枝反应，及吸收剂量，剂量率，单体浓度，无机酸及Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度妆枝率的影响，同时测定了接枝膜的溶胀性能。结果表明ＰＶＡ膜接枝后溶胀比增加且具有温度敏感性。     

γ辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸改善聚醚砜膜亲水性的研究

利用 γ 射线共辐照技术在聚醚砜(PES)膜上接枝了甲基丙烯酸。通过改变甲基丙烯酸单体浓度,获得了具有不同接枝率的改性 PES 膜。研究结果表明,在单体浓度<10%的范围内,接枝率与单体浓度成线性关系,提高接枝率有助于改善聚醚砜膜的亲水性。     

接枝丙烯酸聚乙烯表面诱导生成硫化镉及其形貌研究

分别以体积比为1∶1的异丙醇/水、甲醇/水混合溶剂作为接枝溶剂,通过调节丙烯酸单体浓度得到不同接枝率和不同表面接枝链分布的接枝膜,用接枝膜诱导形成了不同形貌特征的硫化镉.研究表明,接枝率越大,硫化镉在聚乙烯接枝膜表面的分布越密集;与甲醇/水为混合接枝溶剂相比,在异丙醇/水为混合接枝溶剂的接枝膜上的硫化镉颗粒分布比较均匀.     

Study of radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid-sodium styrene sulfonate onto poly （tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene） film

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid (AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), then irradiated by ^60Co γ-rays at 25℃. The effects o| reaction time, absorbed dose, dose-rate, inhibitor and monomer concentration on the grafting yield were studied. Grafting yields of both AA and SSS onto FEP, respectively, increase with irradiation dose, but some saturation will appear at high dose and monomer concentration. The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off. The grafting of SSS onto FEP is more difficult than the grafting of AA. The analysis of grafted membranes using DSC and FT-IR have been done.     

One step graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high－density polyethylene film by preirradiation method

High-density polyethylene(HDPE)films were irradiated by ^60Co gamma ray with a dose of 100kGy in air and then immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid(AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS) at different temperature.The effects of grafting conditions such as temperature,reaction time ,Mohr‘s salt concentration,and total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomers.The highest grafting yield was observed at 3mol/L monomers where the grafted PE swelled to the largest extent in the monomers mixture.The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off.At higher temperature,the grafting yield decreases with Mohr‘s salt concentration,but increases at low temperature when Mohr‘s salt concentration is 0.083%.Which can be interpreted that in the presence of Fe^2 diperoxides and hydroperoxides may decompose at low temperature to form radical which can initiate the grafting.The physical and chemical properties of grafting films were also investigated.     

电子束引发双功能基阳离子交换膜的制备研究

在所有的离子交换膜中,最引人注目的当数20世纪70年代已商品化的Nation系列膜。具有磺酸功能基的Nation膜电阻低,但用在氯碱工业时电流效率低。1974年Seko发明了全氟羧酸阳离子交换膜,使电流效率有实质性提高,并推动了复合膜的发展。复合膜具有磺酸膜的低电阻性能和羧酸膜的高电流效率。本工作采用辐射接枝法制备含羧酸基团和磺酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜,目的主要是以低成本且简单可行的辐射接枝法代替共聚法,制备稳定性好、低电阻、高电流效率的阳离子交换膜。     

Radiation-induced grafting of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid onto polypropylene films by two step method

Binary graft copolymerization of pH sensitive acrylic acid (AAc) and thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) monomers onto pre-irradiated polypropylene films (PP) was carried out by two individual steps using a Co⁶⁰ gamma radiation source. The influence of preparation conditions, such as pre-irradiation dose and reaction time on grafting yield was studied. The swelling behavior and FTIR-ATR study for PP films grafted films were investigated.     

PE－AA辐射接枝共聚合的反应历程研究

研究了聚乙烯（ＰＥ）与丙烯酸（ＡＡ）、甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）的接枝共聚反应，探讨了接枝反应过程及特征：单体首先在ＰＥ表面接枝，然后进入内部进行本体接枝。研究表明：表面接枝为动力学控制，本体接技系扩散控制，单体在膜内的扩散与单体极性及聚合物的结晶度等有关     

聚丙烯粉料固相光接枝丙烯酸的研究

为了提高聚丙烯(PP)的亲水性和染色性,以二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂、使用固相光接枝反应装置,采用固相紫外光接枝法在PP粒料表面接枝丙烯酸(AA)单体,并研究了单体含量、引发剂用量、辐照时间和溶胀时间对接枝率的影响规律,以及PP接枝前后力学性能的变化。结果表明,AA用量为1mL、引发剂用量为0.15g、辐照时间为30min、溶胀时间为12h时的接枝率最高。接枝率为5.2%左右,上染率为43.4%时,接枝PP的拉伸强度降了1.37MPa,但断裂伸长率从358.3%增加到396.3%,说明丙烯酸适度接枝对力学性能影响不大。     

Development of function-graded proton exchange membrane for PEFC using heavy ion beam irradiation

The graded energy deposition of heavy ion beam irradiation to polymeric materials was utilized to synthesize a novel proton exchange membrane (PEM) with the graded density of sulfonic acid groups toward the thickness direction. Stacked Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were irradiated by Xe⁵⁴⁺ ion beam with the energy of 6 MeV/u under a vacuum condition. The induced trapped radicals by the irradiation were measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Irradiated films were grafted with styrene monomer and then sulfonated. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showed that the densities of sulfonic acid groups were controlled for injection “Surface” and transmit “Back” sides of the fabricated PEM. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated by the function-graded PEM showed improved fuel cell performance in terms of voltage stability. It was expected that the function-graded PEM could control the graded concentration of sulfonic acid groups in PEM.