气体分离膜材料研究进展

介绍了高分子材料、无机材料、有机－无机杂化材料三类气体分离膜材料，主要包括聚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚[1-(三甲基硅氧烷）－1－丙炔]等高分子材料，以及致密无机膜和多孔无机膜材料，并且对有机－无机杂化材料作了简要概述。在评价了各种膜材料性能的基础上，展望了气体分离膜材料的发展前景。     

模板法制备多孔无机材料的研究进展

本文综述了近10年采用模板法制备无机多孔材料的研究进展。主要包括生物模板法．无机分子筛模板法、聚合物模板及氧化铝模板等方法,比较了各种方法的优缺点,并对多孔材料在生产实际中的应用做了介绍。     

模板法制备多孔炭材料的研究进展

模板法为各种有机和无机纳米材料的可控和定向合成开辟了一条全新的技术途径，近年来已经成为材料制备研究领域引人注目的新方法。本文就迄今为止模板法在制备具有规则结构的多孔炭材料领域的研究动态进行综述，介绍了多孔炭材料的模板法制备、应用前景及其可能的形成机制。     

无机胶凝材料常用现代测试方法简介

1前言 随着科学技术的不断进步，越来越多的现代测试方法不断问世，并已应用到无机非金属材料领域，有力地促进了材料科学的发展。而无机胶凝材料（包括各种水泥、碱激发胶凝材料、地质聚合物等）是一种多相、多组分、多孔的材料，其水化硬化机理极其复杂，强度、耐久性与其显微结构存在密切的关系。为了解无机胶凝材料的水化硬化过程，必须借助现代测试手段，不断深化对无机胶凝材料在各个形成过程中的认识，促进无机胶凝材料学科的发展，因此了解一些常用的测试手段，对从事无机胶凝材料的科研工作者是十分必要的。     

新型多孔材料的合成及应用研究进展

新型多孔材料具有孔径可调节、高比表面积和可功能化设计等特点，通过不同需求对其进行结构设计和化学修饰，能够得到各种形貌和性能的新型材料，使得其在吸附与分离、储能和催化等多个领域具有较好的应用潜能。介绍有机多孔材料(HCPs、PIMs、COFs、CMPs)和有机-无机杂化多孔材料(MOFs)的合成方法及其在物质吸附分离与催化领域的研究应用，并对今后的研究热点及发展趋势进行展望。     

表面活性剂在无机材料工业中的应用

详细介绍了表面活性剂在制备超细粉体材料、分子筛与多孔材料等方面的应用。同时概括介绍了表面活性剂对粉体材料的表面改性、作为制备多孔无机材料的模板剂的作用原理。展望了新型表面活性剂在无机材料工业中的应用前景。     

多孔材料在催化CO2与环氧化物环加成反应中的研究进展

以CO2为原料与环氧化物合成环状碳酸酯是实现CO2资源利用最为有效的途径之一，也是缓解温室效应的有效方式之一。在该反应中催化剂的选择至关重要，多孔材料由于具有相对密度低、强度高、比表面积大、稳定性好、合成方法多样等优点而被广泛应用于催化CO2环加成。重点综述了近年来无机多孔材料、多孔有机聚合物材料、金属有机骨架材料在催化CO2与环氧化物合成环状碳酸酯中的研究进展，介绍了各催化剂的优缺点并对未来多孔材料的发展进行了展望。     

多孔液体：合成与应用

多孔液体是一类具有永久孔隙的新兴液体材料,它将多孔材料优异的性能和液体的流动性结合在一起。具有永久空腔的造孔器（pore generator）,可以完全由无机砌块单元、有机配体和无机节点的组合单元或有机砌块单元构成。本文根据造孔器的结构综述了使用无机纳米材料、金属有机框架和多孔笼合成多孔液体的最新研究进展。文章指出作为新的研究领域,多孔液体化学正处于起步阶段,虽然面临着诸多挑战,但应用潜力巨大。目前在气体吸附、异构体识别、多孔液体膜的合成等方面都有研究,有望在气体捕捉和分离、催化、膜材料制备等领域得到应用。     

无机多孔材料保水性能与孔分形维数关系

多孔材料的孔分形维数值能够很好的反映多孔材料的保水性能.本文以4种分别来自华东,华南,西南,西北地区的无机多孔材料为研究对象,比较了4种多孔材料的保水性能,并用显微和图像分析技术测算了4种多孔材料的孔分形维数,从而得到多孔材料保水性能与孔分形维数间的关系.结果表明,采用本方法测定的多孔材料的孔分形维数介于1.0227～1.4652之间,且孔分形维数越大,多孔材料的保水性能越好.     

多孔碳酸钙的研究现状

多孔碳酸钙作为一种新型无机纳微米材料已渐成为研究热点。文章主要叙述了多孔碳酸钙的发展及应用现状,并对多孔碳酸钙未来的发展做出了展望。     

Creation of new porous permeable ceramic materials and technology for making articles from them — a real way for a technological breakthrough in the main branches of industry

The creation of new porous permeable ceramic materials with a different microstructure and a controlled pore size from nano- to microsize that have properties markedly surpassing those of traditional materials used in industry, and organization of the production of various objects made from them will make it possible to obtain a considerable economic and ecological effect. Specific examples are provided for the use of objects made of porous permeable ceramics developed in ZAO NTTs Bakor in various branches of industry. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 37–41, November 2008.     

High value-added applications of coal fly ash in the form of porous materials: A review

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a solid waste generated by coal-fired power plants, and its massive accumulation problem needs to be solved urgently. There are many ways of resource utilization of CFA, but the applications of high added value are rare. Preparation of porous materials is an effective way to realize its high value-added applications. In this paper, porous materials are divided into ceramic membranes, thermal insulation materials and adsorption materials according to application fields. The research progress of porous materials prepared from CFA and used for filtration, thermal insulation and adsorption is reviewed. Ceramic membranes can filter different types of wastewater from different industries at different levels. Thermal insulation materials, with relatively low added value though, are easier to achieve large-scale production. Zeolites, geopolymers and various composite materials are crackerjack adsorbents, which can effectively purify wastewater and exhaust gas. After summary, comparison and discussion, it is concluded that ceramic membrane is the most ideal and feasible material to realize high value-added application of CFA among the three porous materials. Finally, the existing problems and future prospects of the three porous materials are stated.     

Certain Principles of Formation of Porous Ceramic Structures. Properties and Applications (A Review)

The current state of the production of porous ceramics is considered, mainly for high-temperature applications in various fields of engineering. A classification for these materials is proposed and the most commonly used methods for increasing porosity in ceramics are described.     

Integrated Study of Phase Composition and Structure of Porous Glass Ceramics

The results of studying the production of porous glass ceramic materials with a permeable structure by the directed crystallization method of a set of phases are presented. The phase composition of materials is studied using x-ray phase, x-ray fluorescence, and electron microscope analysis; microstructural specifics are investigated. The prospects for using materials synthesized as filters for the purification of various media are established.     

Fabrication and application of porous materials made from coal gangue: A review

Coal gangue (CG), which is mainly generated during coal excavation, mining, and coal washing, is an industrial solid waste that is recognized as an environmental pollutant. The ever-increasing amount of CG produced is a serious threat to the ecological environment and property safety, especially in China, which is the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. Considerable studies have investigated means for utilizing CG worldwide. This review summarizes and discusses various porous inorganic materials made from CG, including cement-based porous materials, porous bricks, porous ceramics (cordierite and mullite) and glasses, porous geopolymers, zeolites, aerogels, and porous carbon materials. Different preparation processes and performances of each type of porous inorganic materials were reviewed. Porous CG-based materials can be used as promising adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants and have good potential for use in construction industry as well as catalyst material applications. Besides, porous materials obtained from CG have also been tested as slow-release fertilizers after the absorption of phosphate, as electrode materials, and as oil-in-water separation agents. The systematic summary of porous materials based on CG aims at promoting high-value-added applications for this waste. Future research directions for the use of CG as a raw material are also presented.     

掺杂多孔碳材料催化硝基苯还原反应的研究进展

苯胺是重要的化工原料和合成中间体,通过硝基苯的催化还原反应可以方便地制备苯胺类化合物。多孔碳材料因其高比表面积、发达的孔隙结构和容易回收等特点在催化领域越来越受到重视,然而其应用受到自身活性位点缺乏和化学惰性的限制。杂原子掺杂可以增强碳材料的表面极性,调节电子结构,改善其催化性能,可作为硝基苯催化还原反应的有效催化剂。本文对近年来掺杂多孔碳材料在硝基苯催化还原反应中的研究进展进行了总结。本文概述了氮掺杂型多孔碳材料、共掺杂型多孔碳材料、负载贵金属的掺杂多孔碳材料和负载廉价金属的掺杂多孔碳材料这4种主要的掺杂多孔碳材料的制备方法,并详细介绍了不同掺杂多孔碳材料在催化硝基苯催化还原反应时的催化性能、可能的催化活性位点以及催化机理。最后,指出目前掺杂多孔碳材料催化硝基苯还原还需要解决反应选择性、催化剂催化活性和生产成本等问题,以生物质为前体,开发共掺杂型和二元双金属负载的掺杂多孔碳材料是未来的重要发展方向之一。     

层次孔碳材料：结构设计、功能改性及新能源器件应用

发展电化学能源存储与转换技术是我国的长期重大需求。作为电化学能源器件中的关键材料,多孔碳材料已成为当前能源材料与化工领域的研究热点。层次孔碳材料是一类新型的多孔碳材料,同时兼具不同尺寸与功能的微孔、中孔或大孔。研究者通过对层次孔碳材料可控设计,已制得一系列孔结构、孔骨架及表面化学性质和微/纳拓扑形貌各异的新型层次孔碳及其复合材料,极大地提升了其能源存储和转化性能。本综述总结了近年来有关层次孔碳材料的结构设计、可控制备及其在电化学能源器件应用领域等方面的研究进展,并对其未来发展提出了建议与展望。     

木质素多孔炭的制备及应用研究进展

木质素是一种具有三维网状分子结构、含有大量芳香基团和高含碳量等特点的天然高分子,其在制备多孔炭领域具有巨大潜力。多孔炭在催化剂和能源储存领域具有极大的应用前景。以来源于制浆造纸和生物炼制行业的副产物工业木质素作为原料制备多孔炭应用于能源储存、吸附、催化剂载体等领域,可实现工业木质素在碳基功能材料领域的高附加值循环再利用。本文详细综述了目前木质素多孔炭的常用制备方法和微结构特性的调控方法,总结归纳了各制备方法的主要特点以及影响木质素多孔炭微结构与性能的关键因素;重点综述了近些年对木质素多孔炭孔道结构调控方面的研究,归纳了孔调控的方法;此外,总结了木质素多孔炭在超级电容器、锂离子电池、吸附剂和催化剂载体领域中的应用研究现状,讨论了催化和储能材料对木质素多孔炭的微结构特性要求。总结并展望了木质素多孔炭在制备与应用中面临的机遇和挑战。     

Research on saggars of lightweight design used to prepare cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

The focus of lightweight refractory is equivalent volume replacement that uses lower-density raw materials to replace the original high-density raw materials. In this study, we employ porous mullite microspheres (PMM) to replace mullite particles to realize the weight-lighting of mullite–cordierite saggars used to prepare cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.To confirm that lightweight saggars satisfy the quality standards of production, we conducted various tests, including mechanical properties, thermal shock stability and corrosion resistance. Compared with samples with mullite particles, samples with PMM have a comparatively stable material structure and excellent performance. Furthermore, PMM reduce mullite consumption and enhance their resistance to prevent stress shedding in the corrosion process.     

Fabricating porous ceramic materials via phase separations in blends of cellulose acetate and ceramic nanoparticles

As applications of porous ceramic materials have gradually expanded, the novel technologies for the fabrication of porous ceramic materials with a delicate and controllable structure are still attractive. In this work, three types of porous monolithic ceramic materials, including Al₂O₃–SiO₂, TiO₂, and SiC, have been fabricated by thermally impacted and non-solvent-induced phase separations in blends of cellulose acetate and ceramic nanoparticles. These materials possessed three-dimensional interconnected porous structures with low densities, high porosities, and hierarchical pores ranging from 5 nm to 6 μm. The relationships between microstructures and phase separations were systematically investigated. Furthermore, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 20 dB from 5 to 18 GHz in porous SiC materials has been achieved, revealing that those materials have potential applications in the electromagnetic shielding. This work provides a powerful and general approach to fabricate porous monolithic ceramic materials with a wide range of various ceramic nanoparticles.