对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺合成工艺的改进

以苯胺为母体合成对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺，在氯磺化反应中引入四氯化碳作溶剂，在反应后期加入氯化钠．用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n（乙酰苯胺）：n（氯磺酸）：n（氯化钠）=1．0：4．3：0．4．工艺改进后．氯磺化反应的收率由80．00％提高到了86．73％．物料稀释温度和氨解打浆温度由5℃提高到了13℃，节省了能源，方便了生产．     

4-氯苯磺酰胺的合成工艺改进

以氯苯为原料，以四氯化碳为溶剂，经氯磺化、氨解合成了4-氯苯磺酰胺。在氯磺化反应后期加入氯化钠，氯苯磺酰氯收率由80．57％提高到87．68％。物料稀释温度和氨解打浆温度由5℃提高到15℃，4-氯苯磺酰胺收率由75％提高到80．26％。原料利用率高，废弃物排放量小。     

对氯苯磺酰肼的合成工艺改进

以氯苯为原料,合成了对氯苯磺酰氯。在氯磺化反应中引入了四氯化碳溶剂,反应后期加入氯化钠。用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n(氯苯）:n(氯磺酸):n(氯化钠）＝1．00：3．00：0．04,改进后对氯苯磺酰氯收率由80．57％提高到87．68％。然后与水合肼反应生成对氯苯磺酰肼,产品收率达91．61％,本工艺原料利用率高,废弃物排放量小。     

二氯丙醇皂化合成环氧氯丙烷工艺的研究

研究以二氯丙醇（DCH）和氢氧化钠为原料制备环氧氯丙烷的反应精馏过程,考察反应温度、空时、原料配比和蒸汽量等因素对环氧氯丙烷收率的影响,结果表明：在管式反应器温度为50℃,空时为5s,n（NaOH）：n（DCH）=1．06：1,n（水蒸气）：H（DCH）=（3．8～4．2）：1,反应精馏塔塔釜温度为（101±1）℃,塔顶温度为（89．5±0．5）℃的条件下,环氧氯丙烷收率在95％以上,反应精馏塔釜液甘油质量分数小于0．8％。     

苯基丁基醚的相转移催化合成研究

在相转移催化剂存在下，以苯酚、溴丁烷为原料合成苯基丁基醚。分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件，该方法合成苯基丁基醚的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度85℃、反应时间4h、n（苯酚）：n（溴丁烷）=1：1．10；n（苯酚）：n（氢氧化钾）=1：1．15；相转移催化剂用量为0．5g（基于0．1mol苯酚），苯基丁基醚的收率可达到95.20％以上，产品纯度w（苯基丁基醚）为98．5％。     

对氯苯磺酰氯的合成研究

以氯苯为原料 ,合成了对氯苯磺酰氯。产品收率达 87%以上。在氯磺化反应中引入了四氯化碳溶剂 ,在反应后期加入氯化钠。用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比 :n(氯苯 )∶n(氯磺酸 )∶n(氯化钠 ) =1 .0 0∶ 3.0 0∶ 0 .0 4。改进后产品收率由 80 .5 7%提高到 87.68%。本工艺原料利用率高 ,废弃物排放量小。     

以氯乙烯为原料两步法合成HFC-152a的工艺研究

第一步反应以氯乙烯与AHF为原料在催化剂的作用下合成HCFC-151a，反应的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为15℃，反应压力为0．1-0．3MPa，n（AHF）：n（氯乙烯）=2-4：1，反应时间约为1．0h。第二步反应以HCFC-151a与AHF为原料在催化剂的作用下合成HFC-152a，反应的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为40-50℃，反应压力为0．5-0．7MPa，n（AHF）：n（HCFC-151a）=1．3-1．5：1。     

苯甲酸哌啶醇酯HALS的合成工艺研究

研究了以苯甲酰氯和哌啶醇为原料直接缩合合成苯甲酸哌啶醇酯受阻胺光稳定剂（HALS）时反应温度、反应时间、原料配比等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。最适宜的工艺条件是：反应温度95℃、反应时间6h、原料摩尔比n（哌啶醇）：n（苯甲酰氯）为1：1．4，溶剂用量为70mL（相对于0．1mol哌啶醇），苯甲酸哌啶醇酯的收率为91．05％，产品纯度98．5％。     

乙撑双油酸酰胺的合成研究

对常压下以油酸和乙二胺为原料合成乙撑双油酸酰胺的方法进行了研究,考察了原料配比、催化剂种类及用量、反应温度及时间对合成反应的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件：n（油酸）：n（乙二胺）=1：0．52,催化剂为磷酸,m（磷酸）：m（油酸）=0．5％0,反应温度185-190℃,反应时间4～5h。在此条件下,产品的酸值〈7．0mgKOH／g,熔点112-118℃。     

萃取剂2-羟基-5-壬基苯乙酮肟的合成

本文以4-壬基酚、乙酰氯、无水AlCl3和盐酸羟胺为主要原料合成了2-羟基-5-壬基苯乙酮肟（HNAO）。合成2-羟基-5-壬基苯乙酮（HNA）时，采用了-步法，以四氯乙烯为溶剂，n（4-壬基酚）：n（乙酰氯）：n（AlCl3）=1：2：1．2，加毕AlCl3后补加4-壬基酚物质量0．2倍的乙酰氯，回流温度下（120℃）反应6h。HNA收率为98．1％，纯度为79．5％。合成HNAO时，以蒸馏的HNA为原料，以甲苯为溶剂，导辛酸钠为相转移催化剂，n（HNA）：n（盐酸羟安）：n（碳酸钠）=1：1．3：0．85，75℃下反应4．5h。HNAO收率为97．9％，纯度为88．6％。FT—IR分析结果表明所得中间体及产物与HNA和HNAO特征相符。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。