双馈风力发电机无速度传感器控制

提出了一种新型的基于模型参考自适应原理的双馈风力发电机的无速度传感器矢量控制方案.根据双馈风力发电机运行的特点,针对双馈发电机并网前空载励磁阶段和并网后发电运行阶段分别采用了不同的无速度传感器矢量控制方案.在发电机并网前,根据双馈发电机空载时定子侧电压矢量的q轴分量估计发电机并网前转速及转子位置.在并网运行阶段采用了一种基于双馈电机磁链关系的模型参考自适应方法进行转速及转子位置的跟踪.最后在理论分析的基础上,在实验室的双馈风力发电机组模拟平台上进行了实验研究.实验结果证明了该文提出的双馈风力发电机无速度传感器矢量控制方案的正确性和可行性.     

大型直驱永磁风力发电机及其并网运行研究

为了研究大型直驱式永磁风力发电机控制及其并网后在电力系统中的运行,建立了风速模型、发电机模型,对直驱式永磁风力发电机的工作原理进行了研究,对风力发电机接入电网运行进行了分析,并对最大功率跟踪和桨距角控制进行了研究.采用理论分析与计算机仿真方法,给出了仿真结果.结果表明,直驱永磁风力发电机在低于额定风速时可以跟踪最大功率,高于额定风速时可以保持额定功率;直驱式永磁风力机对故障电流无贡献,对电网谐波影响很小,几乎不存在闪变问题,对电网频率稳定性无贡献.     

高速行驶车辆驱动的风力发电系统

介绍了一种高速车辆驱动的风力发电系统.该系统是利用高速行驶车辆的速度势能引起的非自然风能来驱动风力发电机发电.风力发电机采用垂直轴式的小型永磁风力发电机.整个风力发电机系统都安装在高速行驶车辆经过的地方,如高速公路上的中央隔离带、列车轨道两旁等.该系统具有环保,节能、结构简单、成本低等优点,特别适合解决高速公路照明工程的能源问题.     

双馈异步风电机组机侧转速控制器的设计与仿真研究

双馈异步风力发电机组(DFIG)机侧(即转子侧)变流器作为其电控系统的核心控制部件,主要负责双馈感应电机的转速控制和发电机无功调节任务,但由于其具有非线性、强耦合等复杂特性,导致变流器的控制器设计十分困难。针对上述情况,提供一种DFIG转子侧变流器控制策略设计方法和控制参数优化方法,可通过调节转子侧电流大小实现双馈感应电机转速、无功的无静差调节;并以1.5 MW DFIG实际参数为模型,利用Simulink仿真软件对该控制策略进行仿真验证。研究结果表明：利用PI控制器可实现DFIG转速-转矩控制,发电机转子侧电流理论上可实现无静差跟踪。     

开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统集成设计与分析

为实现开关磁阻型风电机组轻量化的设计目标、提高设计效率，提出一种开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统参数集成设计方法。该方法以开关磁阻风力发电机和齿轮传动系统结构参数为设计变量，以系统质量最小为优化目标。基于有限元法计算开关磁阻发电机磁链与转矩特性矩阵。在此基础上，建立开关磁阻发电机非线性动态仿真模型以计算开关磁阻发电机动态转矩，并应用模拟退火算法优化开关角，获得最大发电机转矩，最后采用下山单纯形优化方法迭代发电机-齿轮系统质量，获得满足设计要求前提下系统质量收敛时的设计变量值。该优化过程优化套优化，可最大程度降低系统质量。上述设计流程通过脚本实现自动化运行以提高设计效率，可实现开关磁阻发电机-齿轮系统轻量化参数集成设计。基于该方法，针对8 MW风电机组进行参数设计，并与现有的相同发电容量永磁型风电机组的质量和发电机转矩性能对比。结果表面：通过该方法设计开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统可保证发电机具有良好的转矩性能，同时可有效降低系统质量，且可极大地提升设计效率。     

小型风力发电机的功率控制方法

将风力发电机叶片的功率一转速特性曲线划分为峰前、峰值和峰后3个区域.根据在各种风速下风力发电机叶片与电机的功率匹配特性,提出一种小型风力发电机的功率控制新方法;通过300 W/24 V风力发电机的设计和测试,验证了此功率控制方法的正确性和可行性.     

基于DSP实现风力发电机组并网运行

提出了一种风力发电机组并网运行系统;研究了基于数字信号处理器-DSP(TMS320F240)控制的发电机转速驱动控制系统;详细介绍了该系统的DSP控制器的硬件电路设计,实现了对发电机转轴的速度检测和滑差离合器励磁线圈的电流检测;最后给出了该系统的软件设计方案及控制策略,完成对整个系统的控制,使发电机转速稳定,且输出稳定的频率和电压.     

基于模糊PID的风电系统转速控制仿真研究

由于风速具有随机性、不确定性、变化范围大等特点,风力发电机转速若采用传统PID控制,仅一组固定的参数难以在不同风速下均有好的控制效果。分析了风力发电系统各参数之间的关系,结合PID控制和模糊控制各自的特点,设计了模糊自适应PID控制器。在额定风速以下,该控制器用于改变发电机定子电压,从而改变发电机反力矩,调节转速,使得输出功率快速跟随风速变化。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果证实其稳定性、动态速度响应均优于传统的PID控制,取得了较为理想的控制效果。     

遗传算法在变桨距风力发电控制系统中的应用

介绍了遗传算法的基本原理,讨论了一种应用遗传算法和模糊理论计算风力发电机变桨距控制器的方法,该方法利用遗传算法简单高效的寻优特点对模糊控制器的结构和参数进行优化设计。仿真结果表明,应用该方法设计的控制器具有很好的控制精度和动态特性,可应用于大型风力发机变桨距控制系统。     

微电网中带蓄电池的DFIG动态模型仿真

通过分析双馈电机的数学模型,建立了基于定子磁链定向矢量控制的双馈异步风力发电机模型,并且在其转换器直流侧加入蓄电池,在风力不足和大电网发生故障时给转换器转子侧或电网侧注入功率。以一个20 kV电源等效电网模型建立微电网系统,利用电力系统分析软件PSCAD/EMTDC分别对不带蓄电池的风力发电机和带蓄电池的风力发电机进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该控制方式能够实现双馈式异步风力发电机的有功、无功解耦。在变换器侧加入蓄电池,可改善电网质量,当负荷产生波动时能提高电压稳定性,还节约了变频器资源,节省了开支。     

Modeling and control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to standalone wind energy conversion system

The interest for the use of renewable energies has increased, because of the increasing concerns of the environmental problems. Among renewable energies, wind energy is now widely used. Wind turbines based on an asynchronous generator with a wound rotor present the inconvenience of requiring a system of rings and brooms and a multiplier, inferring significant costs of maintenance. To limit these inconveniences, certain manufacturers developed wind turbines based on synchronous machines with large number of pairs of poles coupled directly with the turbine, avoiding using the multiplier. If the generator is equipped with permanent magnets, the system of rings and brooms is eliminated. The control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can be affected with the implementation of various techniques of control. This paper presented a new approach mainly based on the control strategy of power production system based on the PMSG. In fact, a mathematical model that simulates the Matlab chain was established with the introduction of control techniques, such as direct control of the torque (DTC) to control the load side converter (LSC), the control of the speed of the turbine and the DC-bus voltage ensured by PI regulators. To show the performance of the correctors used, some simulation results of the system were presented and analyzed.     

Doubly-fed induction generator drive based WECS using fuzzy logic controller

The purpose of this paper is to improve the control performance of the variable speed, constant frequency doubly-fed induction generator in the wind turbine generation system by using fuzzy logic controllers. The control of the rotor-side converter is realized by stator flux oriented control, whereas the control of the grid-side converter is performed by a control strategy based on grid voltage orientation to maintain the DC-link voltage stability. An intelligent fuzzy inference system is proposed as an alternative of the conventional proportional and integral (PI) controller to overcome any disturbance, such as fast wind speed variation, short grid voltage fault, parameter variations and so on. Five fuzzy logic controllers are used in the rotor side converter (RSC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, active and reactive power control loops, and another two fuzzy logic controllers for direct and quadratic rotor currents components control loops. The performances have been tested on 1.5 MW doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in a Matlab/Simulink software environment.     

Novel power capture optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internal model controller for wind turbines systems driven SCIG

Under the trends to using renewable energy sources as alternatives to the traditional ones, it is important to contribute to the fast growing development of these sources by using powerful soft computing methods. In this context, this paper introduces a novel structure to optimize and control the energy produced from a variable speed wind turbine which is based on a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and connected to the grid. The optimization strategy of the harvested power from the wind is realized by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on fuzzy logic, and the control strategy of the generator is implemented by means of an internal model (IM) controller. Three IM controllers are incorporated in the vector control technique, as an alternative to the proportional integral (PI) controller, to implement the proposed optimization strategy. The MPPT in conjunction with the IM controller is proposed as an alternative to the traditional tip speed ratio (TSR) technique, to avoid any disturbance such as wind speed measurement and wind turbine (WT) characteristic uncertainties. Based on the simulation results of a six KW-WECS model in Matlab/Simulink, the presented control system topology is reliable and keeps the system operation around the desired response.     

An input‐output linearization–based control strategy for wind energy conversion system to enhance stability

This paper proposes a novel control strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy conversion system to investigate the potential of enhancing the stability of wind energy transmission system, a synchronous generator weakly integrated to a power system with a DFIG‐based wind farm. The proposed approach uses state feedback to exactly linearize the nonlinear wind energy transmission system from control actions (active power and reactive power control order of DFIG) to selected outputs (power angle and voltage behind transient resistance of synchronous generator) at first. Then, on account of the linearized subsystem, the stability enhancement controller is designed based on linear quadratic regulator algorithm to contribute adequate damping characteristics to oscillations of the synchronous generator system under various operation points. The proposed control strategy successfully deals with the nonlinear behaviors exist from the inputs to outputs and improve the robustness with respect to the variation of system operation points. Furthermore, not only the rotor angle stability but also the voltage stability is enhanced by using the proposed control strategy. The simulation results carried on the studied system verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy of wind energy conversion system for system stability enhancement and the robustness against various system operation points.     

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.     

An integrated control method for a wind farm to reduce frequency deviations in a small power system

Output power of wind turbine generator (WTG) is not constant and fluctuates due to wind speed changes. To reduce the adverse effects of the power system introducing WTGs, there are several published reports on output power control of WTGs detailing various researches based on pitch angle control, variable speed wind turbines, energy storage systems, and so on. In this context, this paper presents an integrated control method for a WF to reduce frequency deviations in a small power system. In this study, the WF achieves the frequency control with two control schemes: load estimation and short-term ahead wind speed prediction. For load estimation in the small power system, a minimal-order observer is used as disturbance observer. The estimated load is utilized to determine the output power command of the WF. To regulate the output power command of the WF according to wind speed changing, short-term ahead wind speed is predicted by using least-squares method. The predicted wind speed adjusts the output power command of the WF as a multiplying factor with fuzzy reasoning. By means of the proposed method, the WF can operate according to the wind and load conditions. In the WF system, each output power of the WTGs is controlled by regulating each pitch angle. For increasing acquisition power of the WF, a dispatch control method also is proposed. In the pitch angle control system of each WTG, generalized predictive control (GPC) is applied to enhance the control performance. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical simulations.     

Power decoupling control of DFIG rotor-side PWM converter based on auto-disturbance rejection control

In this paper, double PWM converter AC excitation system of the variable speed constant frequency doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind power generation is taken as the research object. At present, most vector control systems of rotor-side PWM converter adopt feedforward compensation to realize the purpose of power decoupling control. The decoupling effect is greatly affected by the power changes. A power decoupling control strategy based on auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. The decoupling control between active power and reactive power is realized by observing the coupling term and the total disturbance of the d-axis and q-axis components of the stator current and the stator voltage with the extended state observer and compensating. Simulation analysis and experimental test show that, on the basis of vector transformation, the rotor-side PWM converter power decoupling control based on ADRC has a small overshoot and fast dynamic response when tracking the change of wind turbine input power, which can achieve the decoupling control between active power and reactive power well. The system has strong robustness and adaptability.     

Control of wind generator associated to a flywheel energy storage system

In this paper, a doubly fed variable speed wind induction generator connected to the grid associated to a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is investigated. The dynamic behaviour of a wind generator, including the models of the wind turbine (aerodynamic), the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), a ac/ac direct converter, the converter control (algorithm of VENTURINI) and the power control of this system, is studied. Also investigated is a control method of the FESS system, which consists of the classical squirrel-cage induction machine supplied off the variable speed wind generator (VSWG) through a rectifier–inverter cascade arrangement. Simulation results obtained on the basis of the dynamic models of the wind generator are presented, for different operating points, to demonstrate the performance of the proposed system.     

Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system

Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.