改性聚合硫酸铁的制备及处理制衣厂废水的研究

以钛白粉的副产物硫酸亚铁为原料,通过氯酸钾氧化、水解、聚合制得聚合硫酸铁(PFS),然后加入助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)制得改性聚合硫酸铁PFAM。相同条件下,用PFS、PAM、PAC、PFAM分别处理制衣厂水洗废水水样,PFAM色度去除率为92.44%,COD去除率为74.55%。PFAM絮凝效果优于PFS、PAM和PAC。     

微电解法处理三种红色染料废水的研究

以模拟染料废水为研究对象,用铁碳微电解法处理高色度的3种红色染料废水。分别考察了铁碳比、反应时间、氢氧化钙的投加量对原废水去除效果的影响;比较了微电解法与其他方法的去除效果,探索了微电解法处理染料废水的机理。实验结果表明,微电解法对染料废水有明显的去除效果,固定废水pH值为5.8左右,反应时间分别为25,30,20 min,铁碳比分别为1∶1.5,1.5∶1,2.5∶1,氢氧化钙投加量分别为0.02,0.06,0.05 g时,活性红的去除率为92.7%,直接红的去除率为91.8%,酸性红的去除率为98.9%。     

耐火黏土和铝酸钙粉制备聚合氯化铝及应用

以耐火黏土和铝酸钙粉为原料制备聚合氯化铝(PAC),考察了黏土的活化温度、酸浸时盐酸浓度和温度对Al2O3浸出率的影响及黏土与铝酸钙粉的用量比和熟化时间对PAC絮凝性能的影响,得到最佳制备条件。采用最佳条件下制备的PAC处理焦化厂废水,结果表明,当PAC投加量为140 mg/L,并与少量PAM混合使用时,废水的色度、浊度、COD去除率分别可达到95.7%、94.6%、90.0%。     

Fenton-絮凝法预处理淄博某制药厂制药污水的研究

采用Fenton-絮凝法对淄博某制药厂制药污水进行预处理研究。通过正交实验和单因素实验,探讨了通过正交实验和单因素实验研究了pH值,芬顿反应时间,V(FeSO4)∶V(H2O2),絮凝反应时间以及V(PAC)∶V(PAM)对废水中CODCr和色度去除率的影响。实验结果表明,当pH值为3.0,芬顿反应时间为40 min,V(FeSO4)∶V(H2O2)为3∶1,絮凝反应时间为20 min,V(PAC)∶V(PAM)为4∶1,在此条件下处理该制药废水,测得CODCr去除率为68.9%,色度去除率为99.79%,有利于废水的后续处理。     

高浓度冷轧硅钢片乳化液废水絮凝实验研究

某硅钢厂排放高浊度高浓度乳化液废水(COD 37 g/L、p H=6.5~8.5),调试现场拟采用单独投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)与混合投加(PAC+聚丙烯酰胺(PAM))两种絮凝方法对乳化液废水进行处理。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳絮凝条件为PAC投加量3500 mg/L、PAM投加量15 mg/L、p H值7.5左右,此时乳化液废水COD降至654 mg/L,COD去除率高达98.3%;该乳化液废水的破乳条件为PAC投加量≥2250mg/L、p H≥7.0;对比单独投加PAC与混合投加(PAC+PAM)的处理效果,结果表明,尽管COD去除率变化不大,但由于PAM助凝效果明显,故建议在实际工程中采用混合投加(PAC+PAM)。     

新型氧化-混凝剂处理染料废水研究

根据染料废水的特点，研究了自制产品新型氧化0混凝土剂处理染料废水的情况，探讨了药剂用量、pH值等因素对COD、色度去除率的影响。试验表明，当pH大于10，“染清”氧化－混凝剂的质量分数为0.03%，絮凝时间6min，静置沉淀35min时，该药剂对染料废水具有良好的处理效果，COD和色度的去除率最高分别可达97％和86％，从而证明该方法对于染料废水的处理是可行的。该处理工艺设备简单，系统运行稳定，操作方便，成本低。     

絮凝法处理橡胶促进剂CBS废水的研究

采用絮凝法对橡胶促进剂CBS废水进行絮凝实验,考察了絮凝剂的选择、PAC质量浓度、pH、沉降时间以及温度对絮凝效果的影响,确定了利用PAC处理废水的最佳絮凝条件。结果表明,PAC质量浓度为1. 2 g/L、pH为4、温度为40℃时,COD去除率可达70%。在最佳条件下,PAC与PAM复合絮凝剂处理橡胶促进剂CBS废水是可行的,COD去除率明显优于使用单一絮凝剂。在光学显微镜下观察发现,PAC絮凝形成的絮体与复合絮凝剂形成的絮体形态不同,因此复合絮凝剂的絮凝效果优于单一絮凝剂。当PAM质量浓度为6 mg/L时,沉降时间缩短为15 min,静沉比降至4∶92,COD去除率可高达82%以上,有效地解决了CBS废水难以生物降解的难题。     

混凝-活性炭吸附处理印染废水的试验研究

利用混凝-活性炭吸附法处理印染废水,研究混凝过程pH,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量,搅拌时间,沉淀时间和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量对印染废水COD,色度的去除率的影响。考察了吸附过程中溶液pH和吸附剂投加量等因素对印染废水COD,色度去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。结果表明:COD和色度的去除率分别达92.5%,93.7%。     

复合型絮凝剂PAC-PAM处理含乳化油废水的试验研究

研究了不同条件下的聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂(PAC-PAM)对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果,并与使用单一絮凝剂的效果进行了对比。通过单因素条件试验研究pH值、PAC:PAM配比、溶液温度和沉降时间等操作条件对PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水效果的影响,从而得到PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水的最优条件及絮凝机理。结果表明:PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的最佳操作条件为:PAC为30mg/L、PAM为6mg/L、溶液温度40℃、溶液pH值为7和沉降时间30min。以COD去除率代表絮凝效果的好坏,最优条件下的COD去除率达到84.57%。复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的絮凝机理主要是:电中和破乳及高分子链的架桥综合作用。与使用单一絮凝剂PAC或PAM相比,PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果更好。     

聚合氯化铝的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

本文以傅克反应产生的大量酸性极强的AlCl3工业废水为原料,采用性能优异的中空纤维膜反应器制备液体聚合氯化铝。该产品应用于染料废水的处理,考察了其对不同浓度的达旦黄、食品黄、甲基橙和活性红色度的去除效果。结果表明,该产品对1000mg／L的染料废水的色度去除率均高于100mg／L的色度去除率,尤其是对1000mg／L的活性红染料废水表现出更好的絮凝效果,色度去除率均可达到94％以上,膜法制备的聚合氯化铝能较好地应用于工业染料废水的处理。     

胶原多肽基表面活性剂对染料废水的泡沫分离性能

以结晶紫溶液模拟染料废水,研究了胶原多肽基表面活性剂(CBS)对染料废水的泡沫分离性能。通过单因素实验考察了pH、气速、表面活性剂质量浓度、泡沫相与液相高度比(H_F/H_L)、染料初始浓度、乙醇添加量等因素对废水中染料分离的影响。结果表明,CBS适用于碱性条件下染料废水的泡沫分离;随着气速的升高,染料的去除率增加,但富集比降低;随着CBS用量的增加,染料的去除率先增加而后降低,富集比随CBS用量的增加而降低;当泡沫相高度与液相高度比为3左右时,染料去除率较高;添加适量的乙醇对泡沫分离是有利的;在较佳的分离条件下,染料的去除率可达80%,富集比达到16。上述研究结果表明,胶原多肽基表面活性剂可用于染料废水的泡沫分离。     

Synthesis of lignosulfonate-acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymer and its flocculation performance

In this work, lignosulfonate-acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (LAD) terpolymer was designed and synthesized by microwave-assisted graft polymerization. The optimal synthetic process was obtained as follows: the monomer ratio was 1:4:4, the amount of initiator was 0.9% (w/w), the monomer solid content was 21 wt %, and the reaction time was 14 min with the microwave power of 280 W. Furthermore, the flocculation performance of LAD was verified by removing acid black-172 dye wastewater. At the LAD dosage of 350 mg L⁻¹, the maximum color removal ratio reached 99.8% in 100 mg L⁻¹ of dye wastewater. The dynamics of dye removal reached higher than 90% after 20 s. The flocculant can maintain color removal ratio more than 98% in a wide flocculant dosage and environmental pH. The flocculation mechanism was mainly electrical neutralization and bridging effect. In general, it is a promising candidate in wastewater treatment in terms of cost, synthetic method, and effectiveness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48560.     

Fe-Cu-C三元固定床微电解法处理酸性品红染料废水

利用Fe-Cu-C三元固定床微电解法处理酸性品红染料废水,考察了进水pH值、进水流量、微电解反应柱中的Fe-Cu-C体积比、反应时间,对酸性品红染料去除率的影响。结果表明,反应最佳工艺条件为:进水pH值4.10,水流量为0.15 mL/s,微电解反应柱中的Fe∶Cu∶C=1∶1∶2(体积比),反应时间为300 min时,酸性品红的去除率可达96.2%。     

活性染料废水处理技术研究

本文采取络合萃取—生物接触氧化技术处理活性染料工业废水。考察了萃取剂种类、浓度、相比及废水pH值等因素对该废水去除效率的影响。结果表明,活性染料废水经过预处理后,CODCr去除率大于90%,处理后废水经进一步生化处理可达标排放。     

电解法降解刚果红染料废水的研究

应用自制电化学反应器对刚果红染料废水进行电解降解。研究了电解时间、废水pH值、电压、溶液初始浓度等对刚果红电解去除效果的影响,确定了最佳的降解条件：电压5V,电解质硫酸钠加入量15m∥L,电解时间4h。刚果红降解率达到74．1％。     

Preparation of Xylan–Acrylic Acid Polymer with High Molecular Weight and its Application as a Dye Removal Flocculant

Xylan is found in natural products and can be used for preparing value-added products. The main purpose of this study was to produce a xylan-based polymer (xylan–acrylic acid [Xy–AA]) as a flocculant for removing ethyl violet dye from wastewater. In this study, the polymerization reaction of xylan and acrylic acid (AA) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). It was indicated that the maximum charge density of –5.87?mmol/g and molecular weight of 352,028?g/mol were obtained for Xy–AA polymer under the conditions of 20.53?g/L xylan concentration, 0.31 xylan/AA molar ratio, 2.5?h reaction time, and 72?°C reaction temperature. The polymer was characterized by charge density analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The application of the product as a flocculant for removing the ethyl violet from simulated dye solution was evaluated. The results showed that the optimal dye removal of 97.08% was achieved under the conditions of 50?mg/L dye concentration, 120?mg/L Xy–AA concentration, pH 10, and 30?°C. The flocculation mechanism was also discussed.     

Removal of Highly Concentrated Industrial Grade Leather Dye: Study on Several Flocculation and Sand Filtration Parameters

Highly concentrated leather dye, i.e., Durapel Black NT removal, was studied using coagulation/flocculation-sand filtration. Eight polymers (6 from polyacrylamide family, polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) and epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (EpiDMA)); were tested as flocculant aids. Based on the highest dye removal and lowest cost, polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) was found to give the best results. In this study, the difference of Durapel Black NT (DBNT) dye supplies cause the difference in initial absorbance, and a reassessment of several flocculation parameters were carried out again in order to find the optimum parameters. At one hour settling time, the maximum dye removals were about 30–70%. Sufficient times for rapid mixing and polymer injection were found to be important parameters during flocculation. Separation of the flocs was enhanced by the sand filtration. Coagulation/flocculation-sedimentation (4 hours) followed by sand filtration removed about 85% of the dye and a sand size of 0.3–0.6 mm was suitable.     

Adsorption of congo red by three Australian kaolins

This study investigated the potential use of kaolin as alternative adsorbents for removal of congo red from wastewater. The effect of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, pH and temperature were experimentally studied to evaluate the adsorption capacity, kinetics and equilibrium. Experimental results revealed that optimal adsorption took place at acidic pH and high dye concentration. Ceram kaolin had the highest removal efficiency among studied kaolins, followed by K15GR and Q38. The dye uptake process obeyed the pseudo-second order kinetic expression and was best described by the Langmuir isotherm. Intra-particle diffusion studies showed that the adsorption mechanism was not exclusively controlled by the diffusion step and was more likely to be governed by external mass transfer. Thermodynamic studies showed congo red adsorption on all kaolins was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Recovered Q38 and K15GR kaolin demonstrated an enhanced adsorption capability. The results indicate that these local kaolins could be employed as low-cost alternatives for removal of anionic dyes from industrial wastewater.     

电动降解处理酸性品红染料废水的研究

研究了酸性品红在电动降解作用下的定向迁移及降解反应。在电场作用下,酸性品红定向迁移到阴极附近区域,聚集到一定浓度时被电动降解除去。考察了pH值、电压及电解质浓度对酸性品红电动降解的影响。实验表明,较好的酸性品红分子降解工艺条件为:pH=5,电压为18 V,电解质浓度为3 mg/L。