Determination of heavy metals in different honey brands from Iranian markets

A variety of elements are present in honey at different concentrations. Although some of these heavy metals and trace elements are useful nutrition, at higher levels they could cause health problems. In order to achieve confidence about food safety, regular monitoring of food quality is necessary. In this study, heavy metals and trace element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer in 10 different honey brands from Iranian markets. All heavy metal contents in these samples were within ranges as reported in literature, except for Hg, Al and As. Compared with recommended daily intakes, it is concluded that heavy metals or trace elements intoxication following honey consumption in Iran is unlikely.     

多元素组成和稳定同位素比值在蜂蜜溯源研究中的应用进展

随着生活水平的提高,消费者在关心蜂蜜掺假与否的同时,更加关心其植物和地理来源等真实性信息,各国科研人员纷纷开展了蜂蜜溯源研究。本文综述了自2000年以后多元素组成和稳定同位素比值在蜂蜜溯源相关研究中的应用,重点介绍了原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱测定蜂蜜中元素含量以及稳定同位素质谱测定碳、氮、氢和硫等元素稳定同位素比值在蜂蜜溯源研究中的应用进展,并对多元素组成和稳定同位素比值在蜂蜜溯源研究中的发展方向进行了展望。      

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination of minerals in catfish frame

The concentration of 14 major and trace elements in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) frames was determined and analyzed for differences. Three frames were obtained each week for five consecutive weeks in the spring and the fall of 2000. The frames were freed of remaining flesh, dried, treated by microwave dissolution technique and the minerals determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mean calcium concentration (mg/kg, dry basis) in the spring (140400) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that in fall (167000). Among the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Al) the concentration of Cd varied significantly (P < 0.05) from week to week but not from season to season. The concentration of all the above-mentioned heavy metals did not exceed the critical level for human consumption.     

贝类中重金属的研究进展

介绍当前贝类中重金属的污染现状,归纳近几年国内外学者对贝类中重金属的检测以及脱除方法的研究进展。其检测方法主要包括原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、原子荧光光谱法(AFS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)等,脱除方法主要是采取超临界萃取、超声波辅助萃取等新技术,以及降解重金属毒性等方法。     

Elemental Composition of Various Sour Cherry and Table Grape Cultivars Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (ICP-OES)

Three sour cherry and three table grape cultivars were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The elements: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni were detected in all samples; four elements are very abundant (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), and four are not abundant (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). Five of them are trace elements (Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni) at <0.1 mg/kg. Among the 13 elements analyzed, potassium was the most abundant element distributed throughout all categories of fruits. Iron was the predominant minor element constituents. Manganese concentration was the highest in table grape cultivars. The accuracy of the results was evaluated by spike recovery tests. Analysis of variance was used to establish the metals with significant difference in mean content between the cultivars from sour cherries and between table grapes. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of metals.     

Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometric determination of minerals in catfish frame

The concentration of 14 major and trace elements in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) frames was determined and analyzed for differences. Three frames were obtained each week for five consecutive weeks in the spring and the fall of 2000. The frames were freed of remaining flesh, dried, treated by microwave dissolution technique and the minerals determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The mean calcium concentration (mg/kg, dry basis) in the spring (140 400) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that in fall (167 000). Among the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Al) the concentration of Cd varied significantly (P < 0.05) from week to week but not from season to season. The concentration of all the above‐mentioned heavy metals did not exceed the critical level for human consumption.     

烟草中微量元素和重金属检测进展

按分析过程,即样品的前处理和检测方法综述了烟草中微量元素和重金属的检测,前处理方法包括灰化法、消化法、微波消解、超声波提取、固相萃取及悬浮液直接进样法等,检测方法包括分光光度法、原子光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和中子活化法等。认为建立统一的快速准确的烟草微量元素和重金属检测方法,将是烟草行业亟待解决的重要研究课题之一。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定食品接触用无机材料及制品中13种重金属迁移量

目的 建立一种同时检测食品接触用无机材料及制品中13种重金属迁移量(铝、砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、镍、铅、锑、硒与锌)的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES)法。方法 采用4%(V:V)醋酸溶液, 在特定迁移实验条件下, 避光浸泡试样, 优化仪器参数和实验条件, 用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定浸泡液中13种元素迁移量。结果 该方法检出限为0.001~0.010 mg/L, 样品的加标回收率为90.8%~105.1%, 相对标准偏差为0.96%~3.89%。结论 该方法简便、快速、高效、灵敏度高, 为食品接触用无机材料及制品中多种痕量有害元素迁移量进行合理产品风险评估提供一种高效、可行的手段。     

Classification of Honey from Its Bee Origin via Chemical Profiles and Mineral Content

Raw honeys from four different bee species, namely the honey bees and stingless bees, were classified based on its chemical profiles, mineral contents and heavy metals. Chemical profiles including proximate composition, predominant sugars, hydroxymethylfurfural content, and diastase activity were determined following official methods while mineral and heavy metals contents were obtained from atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements, respectively. Both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis show high possibility of distinguishing honey by its bee species of honey bees (Apis spp.) and stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) based on distinctive differences in chemical compositions and mineral contents. Potassium and sodium were the major elements in raw honey samples at average of 904.9 and 617.6 mg/kg, respectively. Honey from stingless bee contained more protein, 0.85 g/100 g and less total sugar of fructose and glucose at 24.99 g/100 g. The information of bee speciation origin of honey bees and stingless bees enhances the identity of honey on the product labelling.     

香螺生物体内的微量元素分析及食用安全性

利用电感藕合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)技术对香螺生物体内的16 种微量元素进行分析,同时进行食用安全性研究,并比较未经清水浸泡和经清水浸泡2d 后,其生物体内微量元素的变化情况。香螺经清水浸泡后,一些微量元素会随体内一些污物排掉而减少,而一些重金属污染元素难以从生物体内排除掉。香螺生物体内含有丰富的矿物元素(如Ca、K、Na 和Mg),其值每千克超过几百毫克,并含有丰富的具有生理功效的营养微量元素(如Fe、Zn、Mn、Ge、Cr 和Ni 等),其中Fe 和Zn 含量分别可达到每公斤30mg 和20mg 以上,但Mg 和Cu 元素明显较日常膳食推荐高,香螺生物体内存在重金属的潜在污染源主要为As 和Hg 元素。     

Analysis of minority honey components: Possible use for the evaluation of honey quality

The minerals (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn) of 24 authentic Czech nectar and honeydew honey samples (2003 and 2004 harvests) were determined, to find the relationship between their content and the origin or type of honey. The concentrations of analytes in the digests, obtained via optimised dry decomposition of honey samples, were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), as well as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). With regard to its speed of analysis and cost, ICP-OES was the more favourable method. By combining the analytical data and electrolytic conductivities of samples, the honey samples could be divided into two groups – honeydew honeys and nectar honeys. Like Slovak and Polish honeys, samples of Czech honeys had higher nickel levels than honeys originating from other parts of the world.     

Contribution to the study of avocado honeys by their mineral contents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Avocado honey samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric. First, the botanical origin of the honeys was confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey sample. The elements Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements were very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si), six were not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li and Zn) and 11 were trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr and V).     

基于ICP-AES的不同产地干姜无机元素分析与评价

建立了一种基于电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)的分析方法,对山东、云南、四川、贵州四个产地的干姜中无机元素进行分析与评价。采用湿法消解处理干姜样品,并对28批干姜样品中的32种无机元素的含量进行检测,将无机元素含量数据导入SIMCA-P 14.0软件,进行聚类分析与主成分分析,将去皮与不去皮的干姜样品中重金属元素进行比较。结果发现:干姜中富含K(22587.83~92248.51 mg/kg)、P(1778.29~4449.33 mg/kg)、Mg(1848.98~4293.83 mg/kg)、Na(39.72~1216.93 mg/kg),还含有微量元素Mn(79.16~3864.6 mg/kg)、Fe(27.84~960.26 mg/kg)、Zn(14.3~55.45 mg/kg),而重金属元素Pb(0.21~1.93 mg/kg)、As(<1.01 mg/kg)、Cu(2.40~7.96 mg/kg)含量较低,Cd(0.02~0.50 mg/kg)和Hg(<6.19 mg/kg)含量较高。主成分分析与聚类分析发现:四川、云南、贵州产干姜在无机元素的组成上较为相似,与山东产干姜差异较大。干姜在经过去皮处理之后,各重金属元素含量显著降低。本研究分析了不同产地干姜中无机元素的组成差异,通过去皮处理的干姜,安全性得到提高,为干姜的产地加工提供科学依据。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法在食品中重金属检测中的应用

重金属元素是食品安全领域重要的检测项目,目前,用于检测重金属的仪器主要有原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)等。ICP-MS具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高、精密度好、检出限低、可同时分析多种元素等优点,广泛应用于医学、生物学、食品安全等多种领域。本文综述了近年来电感耦合等离子质谱法在食用油、面制品、乳及乳制品、水产品、果蔬及其他食品检测中的应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望,以期为ICP-MS技术测定食品中重金属的检测发展提供一定的参考价值。     

水煮加工对3 种海产贝类中重金属元素形态的影响

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子荧光形态检测法分析宁海、象山、舟山3 个养殖区内常见3 种海产贝类（牡蛎、缢蛏、血蚶）中Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb、As、Hg等重金属的总含量,并采用化学逐级提取法系统研究水煮加工前后贝类中Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb重金属的形态分布和As、Hg中有机和无机的形态分布。结果表明,3 个养殖区牡蛎、缢蛏、血蚶中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、As均有不同程度的超标,且Cu和Cd、Cr和Pb之间存在显著相关性,As的超标检出率达77.78%,Hg的残留量均低于限量标准;此外金属形态分析研究结果表明,水煮加工方式对Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb中酸可提取态、氧化结合态、有机结合态和残余态的含量影响较大,而对As和Hg的有机态和无机态影响较小。海洋贝类中重金属元素的含量和水煮加工前后该元素形态的变化量可作为评价海洋贝类中重金属生物有效性的指标。     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

基于体外全仿生消化模型分析海带和紫菜中微量元素的生物可给性

探究海带和紫菜中6种必需元素(Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co和V)与5种有害元素(As、Cd、Pb、Al和Sr)的生物可给性及胃、肠消化过程中As、Cd等有害元素的形态转化,分析加工过程对样品中元素含量、形态及生物可给性的影响,结果表明:紫菜对除Sr外10种元素的富集能力均显著高于海带,经加工,海带和紫菜中6种人体必需微...     

食品中重金属检测及样品前处理方法研究进展

重金属污染主要指由汞、镉、铅、铬等生物毒性显著的元素引起的污染,随食品进入人体后会导致多种疾病。随着人们对食品安全的要求不断提高,食品中重金属污染问题受到更多的关注,各类食品中重金属含量和形态的检测需求日益增加,发展便捷高效的重金属检测方法十分必要。本文综述了近年来受到广泛应用的食品中重金属检测技术及样品前处理方法,重点介绍了检测技术中原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱法的方法原理、应用实例和优缺点。同时,对样品前处理方法中常用的消解技术和重金属富集技术进行了概述,并对目前的研究热点和未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望,以期为各类食品中重金属检测技术的选择提供参考。     

乌龙茶中的微量元素及其检测技术研究进展

乌龙茶不仅具有保健功效,还具有一定的药理功能,这与其含有丰富的生化成分与微量元素有着十分重要的关系。近年来,微量元素与人体健康的关系成为了人们关注的热点之一。本文综述了微量元素对于人体健康的影响,乌龙茶干茶和茶汤中微量元素含量的研究概况及其对人体健康的影响,以及原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法3种测定乌龙茶中微量元素的方法。通过比较,3种方法都有各自的优点和缺陷,在选择测定乌龙茶中微量元素含量的方法时,最好多种方法结合使用,以提高测定效率及测定的精确度。通过对乌龙茶中微量元素含量及测定方法的综述,以期为研究乌龙茶中微量元素含量的方法提供参考,为建立更加合适的茶叶中微量元素营养价值评价体系提供参考。     

Different Aspects of the Elemental Analysis of Honey by Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: A Review

The elemental composition of honey is correlated with the botanical provenience of nectar, pollen, and honeydew that are collected and ripened by bees. In addition to this, the geographical origin related to the locality of an apiary, the soil composition, and climatic conditions may contribute to the origin of elements in honey. The environmental pollution or other anthropogenic processes and activities also have an effect on the quality and the safety of honey since they may be accompanying sources that lead to its contamination and the presence of various trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn). This review article covers the literature devoted to the analysis of honey carried out by the most popular and commonly utilized flame atomic absorption and emission spectrometry, which was published from 1999 to 2011. Various aspects of such analysis are treated in detail, including ways of the sample preparation, the calibration, and the quality assurance of results. In addition, methods and results related to the fractionation analysis of elements in honey by means of chromatographic and non-chromatographic approaches are described.