红外技术在果蔬干燥中的应用及研究进展

近年来,我国果蔬加工业发展迅速,脱水果蔬加工已经成为增加农民收入、提高农业效益、促进我国区域经济发展,在国内外市场占据较大优势的重要行业。介绍了脱水果蔬干燥的原理、特点以及干燥技术的研究进展,着重介绍了近几年研究较热的果蔬干燥技术:红外加热法,展望了红外技术在我国果蔬加工产业中的应用前景。     

国内外果蔬联合干燥技术的研究进展

阐述了联合干燥的定义和技术特点,介绍了各种联合干燥方式在国内外的研究和应用现状,探讨了该技术在果蔬干燥加工中存在的问题和应用前景.     

广式腊肉热泵薄层干燥数学模型研究

为提高广式腊肉干燥过程中能源利用效率和物料水分控制准确度,通过测定广式腊肉不同温度、风速条件下的热泵干燥水分比(MR),选用11种常用的薄层干燥数学模型进行拟合比较,根据模型的决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和卡方(χ2)值确定了最佳模型;采用回归分析拟合了干燥模型常数、系数与干燥温度、风速之间的关系。结果表明：Two term模型比其他模型能更好地反映广式腊肉的热泵干燥规律,含水率的预测值与实际值吻合较好,在干燥温度50～60℃和风速0.4～1.0m/s的范围内,可以用来描述广式腊肉的热泵干燥进程。     

果实和蔬菜中的过氧化物酶

介绍了果实和蔬菜中过氧化物酶催化的反应 ,过氧化物酶的底物、最适 p H和最适温度 ,过氧化物酶的热失活与酶的恢复和再生 ,过氧化物酶的化学物质抑活。     

鲜切果蔬安全及质量控制研究进展

鲜切果蔬是近年来国际上流行的新型食品,具有新鲜、营养、方便、无公害等特点。本文根据鲜切果蔬的加工特性,研究了其在生产流程中的潜在危害,并对国内外有关鲜切果蔬质量安全的防控措施进行了综述。     

Mathematical Modeling of the Convective Drying of Fruits and Vegetables

A proposed mathematical model, based on physical and transport properties and mass and energy balances, was developed for unsteady transport of momentum, heat and mass in granular beds of agricultural products (fruits and vegetables) under convective drying conditions. The model utilized water sorption isotherm equations and the change in solid density due to shrinkage. The unsteady-state differential equations for temperature and moisture profiles within the product were numerically solved using a central finite difference scheme. Experimental data on drying conditions and product drying rates agreed with the calculated results. A design and operation parameters optimization scheme, tested for grapes, resulted in minimized drying time and high quality dried product.     

State of Polyphenols in the Drying Process of Fruits and Vegetables

This review presents an overview of drying technologies and its impact on the polyphenol content of vegetables and fruits. Polyphenols contribute to many health benefits and can act as antioxidants. Specifically an increased intake of polyphenols has been shown to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease; furthermore, it has been shown to help reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Many researchers have reported on the effect of different drying techniques on the polyphenol content in fruits and vegetables. Polyphenol degradation mechanisms proposed in literature and pretreatments that potentially lead to higher retention of polyphenols during drying are also discussed.     

果蔬中残留甲醛消解动态及其甲醛本底值的研究

采用五氟苯肼衍生液相色谱法分析果蔬中残留甲醛在不同条件下的消解动态,同时对部分果蔬中甲醛本底值进行测定。研究表明:果蔬中残留甲醛的消解速度与贮藏介质有关,在水中浸泡消解速度明显比在空气中自然消解速度快。在空气中甲醛自然消解的主要影响因素是空气温度和果蔬基质,温度越高,消解速度越快。在水中浸泡消解速度与水温、pH和果蔬基质有关,50℃水中的消解速度要高于25℃水中的消解速度;pH=9时消解速度要高于pH=7和pH=5条件下。甲醛本底含量检测发现32种果蔬中有31种存在一定的甲醛本底,其中鱼腥草中未检出甲醛本底,柑橘类中桔子和橙子的甲醛本底含量较高,可达0.79~2.52 mg/kg,其他果蔬中甲醛含量均处于0.08~0.61 mg/kg之间,这为果蔬中甲醛含量的检测提供了参考数据。     

果蔬中外泌体样纳米颗粒的分离、表征和应用研究进展

果蔬中的外泌体样纳米颗粒(exosome-like nanoparticles,ELNs)是由果蔬细胞释放的纳米级囊泡结构,与动物的外泌体具有类似的超微结构,但其脂质、蛋白质及核酸等化学成分具有显著差异,并具有独特的生物学功能.本文综述了2013年以来数十种果蔬中ELNs的相关研究进展,对其提取方法和表征手段进行了分析...     

天然保鲜剂与果蔬采后生理

针对化学保鲜剂处理的果蔬有害物质残留问题 ,文中综述了天然保鲜剂处理对果蔬采后品质、呼吸系统物质以及过氧化物和采后腐烂等方面的影响。     

切割果蔬的微生物及其生物控制

切割果蔬由于其食用方便、营养丰富、清沽卫生等特点近年来受到人们的广泛关注。然而，实际生产中的许多问题，如褐变、失色、脱水、微生物污染等限制了切割果蔬加工业的进一步发展。微生物是影响切割果蔬质置与安全的重要冈素。本文分析了切割果蔬中微生物的来源、构成、生物膜形成以及切割果蔬生产过程对微生物的影响。同时对微生物的快速检测技术和切割果蔬的生物控制方法进行了综述，以期对切割果蔬加工业提供一定的理论基础。     

胡萝卜薄层干燥动力学模型研究

为探索胡萝卜热风干燥过程中水分的变化规律,本研究以胡萝卜为干燥对象,进行薄层干燥特性及模型研究,探讨不同温度、风速及物料厚度条件下胡萝卜水分比与干燥时间的关系,建立动力学模型;以Fick扩散定律为依据,确定胡萝卜一维传热传质的有效水分扩散系数并建立其数学模型。结果表明：胡萝卜薄层干燥动力学模型可用Page方程来描述,并通过回归分析确定方程系数m、k,通过多元线性回归方法得到有效水分扩散系数（Deff）与温度、风速和厚度的表达式,实验得到的Deff值在0.84×10-9～6.69×10-9 m2/s范围内随着干燥温度、风速和物料厚度的升高而增大。     

Internal Modified Atmospheres of Coated Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Understanding Relative Humidity Effects

ABSTRACT: Internal atmosphere modification in fruits and vegetables by surface film coatings depends on film permeability, coating thickness, and fruit surface coverage. Research in this area has been mostly empirical, with unpredictable results and diverse conclusions. To reduce variability, it is necessary to have a better understanding of factors that may influence the response of coatings applied to fruits. One factor is relative humidity (RH), which is known to affect the permeability of biopolymer films. By using steady-state mathematical models as tools, we hypothesize that fruits coated with hydrophilic films will be largely influenced by the RH of storage conditions. For hydrophobic materials, RH would have less influence on coating performance.     

Recent Progress of Hyperspectral Imaging on Quality and Safety Inspection of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

Objective quality assessment and efficacious safety surveillance for agricultural and food products are inseparable from innovative techniques. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a rapid, nondestructive, and chemical‐free method, is now emerging as a powerful analytical tool for product inspection by simultaneously offering spatial information and spectral signals from one object. This paper focuses on recent advances and applications of HSI in detecting, classifying, and visualizing quality and safety attributes of fruits and vegetables. First, the basic principles and major instrumental components of HSI are presented. Commonly used methods for image processing, spectral pretreatment, and modeling are summarized. More importantly, morphological calibrations that are essential for nonflat objects as well as feature wavebands extraction for model simplification are provided. Second, in spite of the physical and visual attributes (size, shape, weight, color, and surface defects), applications from the last decade are reviewed specifically categorized into textural characteristics inspection, biochemical components detection, and safety features assessment. Finally, technical challenges and future trends of HSI are discussed.     

臭氧在果蔬贮藏保鲜上的应用

臭氧是一种强氧化剂,具有广谱、高效的杀菌作用,介绍了臭氧的理化性质和产生方法、臭氧对果蔬的保鲜机理如杀菌、诱导抗病性、降解有害气体以及在果蔬上的保鲜效果。     

Advances in Edible Coatings for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

Edible coatings are an environmentally friendly technology that is applied on many products to control moisture transfer, gas exchange or oxidation processes. Edible coatings can provide an additional protective coating to produce and can also give the same effect as modified atmosphere storage in modifying internal gas composition. One major advantage of using edible films and coatings is that several active ingredients can be incorporated into the polymer matrix and consumed with the food, thus enhancing safety or even nutritional and sensory attributes. But, in some cases, edible coatings were not successful. The success of edible coatings for fresh products totally depends on the control of internal gas composition. Quality criteria for fruits and vegetables coated with edible films must be determined carefully and the quality parameters must be monitored throughout the storage period. Color change, firmness loss, ethanol fermentation, decay ratio and weight loss of edible film coated fruits need to be monitored. This review discusses the use of different edible coatings (polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and composite) as carriers of functional ingredients on fresh fruits and vegetables to maximize their quality and shelf life. This also includes the recent advances in the incorporation of antimicrobials, texture enhancers and nutraceuticals to improve quality and functionality of fresh-cut fruits. Sensory implications, regulatory status and future trends are also reviewed.     

Internal Modified Atmospheres of Coated Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Understanding Relative Humidity Effects

ABSTRACT: Internal atmosphere modification in fruits and vegetables by surface film coatings depends on film permeability, coating thickness, and fruit surface coverage. Research in this area has been mostly empirical, with unpredictable results and diverse conclusions. To reduce variability, it is necessary to have a better understanding of factors that may influence the response of coatings applied to fruits. One factor is relative humidity (RH), which is known to affect the permeability of biopolymer films. By using steady-state mathematical models as tools, we hypothesize that fruits coated with hydrophilic films will be largely influenced by the RH of storage conditions. For hydrophobic materials, RH would have less influence on coating performance.     

竹笋热风薄层干燥特性及动力学分析

干燥是竹笋加工中最为常见的一种方式,为了解竹笋在热风薄层干燥条件下的干燥特性,本实验以大叶麻竹笋为试验原料,竹笋片干基含水率和干燥速率为试验测试指标,研究了不同干燥温度、风速和笋片厚度等因素对干燥速率的影响,并建立竹笋热风薄层干燥的动力学模型。结果表明:热风薄层干燥温度、风速和笋片厚度均对竹笋的干燥特性影响较大。随着干燥温度和风速的升高,干燥速率增加;随着笋片厚度的增加,干燥速率降低。不同条件下的干燥均可分为加速、恒速和降速干燥3个阶段。竹笋的适宜热风薄层干燥条件为干燥温度80℃、风速2.0 m/s、笋片厚度1.0 cm。竹笋热风薄层干燥的动力学满足Page模型,Page模型适合对竹笋热风薄层干燥过程进行描述和预测。所得研究结果将为竹笋干的热风薄层干燥可控制工业化生产提供参考。     

不同干燥方式下海马干燥特性及其数学模型

采用热风干燥、真空干燥和冷风干燥对海马进行干燥,比较不同干燥工艺下海马的干燥特性、水分有效扩散系数以及活化能的区别,并建立海马的干燥动力学模型。获得了50 ℃、60 ℃、70 ℃、80 ℃、90 ℃及100 ℃条件下海马热风干燥特性曲线,50 ℃、60 ℃、70 ℃、80 ℃及90 ℃条件下海马真空干燥特性曲线,20 ℃、30 ℃及40 ℃条件下海马冷风干燥特性曲线。以R2、χ2和RMSE为评价指标,选用13种典型干燥模型对海马的干燥曲线进行拟合,结果表明Page模型和Midilli模型最适合描述海马热风干燥过程;Page模型和Weibull模型可以准确描述海马真空干燥过程;Page模型、Logarithmic模型和Weibull模型可以很好的描述海马冷风干燥过程。海马热风干燥、真空干燥及冷风干燥的有效水分扩散系数Deff分别在1.1714×10-10 m2/s~6.7873×10-10 m2/s、4.9252×10-10 m2/s~10.4920×10-10 m2/s和2.3510×10-10 m2/s~4.0174×10-10 m2/s区间内,活化能分别为37.05 kJ/mol、18.75 kJ/mol和20.55 kJ/mol。