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近年来,受经济利益驱动的食品掺假和欺诈事件频发,因而对食品安全和食品行业造成了严重危害。美国是最早提出经济利益驱动型掺假（EMA）概念的国家,并针对EMA提出了一系列措施。本文梳理分析了美国关于EMA和食品欺诈的定义、相关的法律法规以及应对食品欺诈的措施,在此基础上,通过借鉴美国应对食品欺诈的经验,分析总结我国食品欺诈现状,对我国应对经济利益型掺假和食品欺诈提出了建议。 相似文献
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食品欺诈自古就有,但是近年来随着食品供应链全球化和复杂化,以及商业竞争日趋激烈等原因,受经济利益驱动进行的食品掺假和欺诈活动愈演愈烈。美国是最早提出经济利益驱动型掺假概念的国家,并为应对经济利益驱动型掺假提出了一系列措施。本文首先将美国关于经济利益驱动型掺假和食品欺诈的定义进行了梳理,并将这两个概念与其他食品保护概念进行对比;其次,对比美国和中国经济利益驱动型掺假和食品欺诈的应对措施;最后,对我国应对经济利益型掺假和食品欺诈提出了四点建议。 相似文献
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Food fraud, including the more defined subcategory of economically motivated adulteration, is a food risk that is gaining recognition and concern. Regardless of the cause of the food risk, adulteration of food is both an industry and a government responsibility. Food safety, food fraud, and food defense incidents can create adulteration of food with public health threats. Food fraud is an intentional act for economic gain, whereas a food safety incident is an unintentional act with unintentional harm, and a food defense incident is an intentional act with intentional harm. Economically motivated adulteration may be just that-economically motivated-but the food-related public health risks are often more risky than traditional food safety threats because the contaminants are unconventional. Current intervention systems are not designed to look for a near infinite number of potential contaminants. The authors developed the core concepts reported here following comprehensive research of articles and reports, expert elicitation, and an extensive peer review. The intent of this research paper is to provide a base reference document for defining food fraud-it focuses specifically on the public health threat-and to facilitate a shift in focus from intervention to prevention. This will subsequently provide a framework for future quantitative or innovative research. The fraud opportunity is deconstructed using the criminology and behavioral science applications of the crime triangle and the chemistry of the crime. The research provides a food risk matrix and identifies food fraud incident types. This project provides a starting point for future food science, food safety, and food defense research. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food fraud, including the more defined subcategory of economically motivated adulteration, is a food protection threat that has not been defined or holistically addressed. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led to the development of food defense as an autonomous area of study and a new food protection discipline. As economically motivated adulteration grows in scope, scale, and awareness, it is conceivable that food fraud will achieve the same status as an autonomous concept, between food safety and food defense. This research establishes a starting point for defining food fraud and identifying the public health risks. 相似文献
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国内外经济利益驱动型食品掺假防控体系研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来国内外发生的“三聚氰胺”、“马肉事件”等影响广泛的食品领域经济利益驱动型掺假 （economically motivated adulteration,EMA）事件对食品安全和食品贸易造成严重危害。国内外针对EMA问题已经 展开了许多研究,本文从EMA事件基础数据库的构建、事件特征、影响因素和防控技术体系等方面对当前国内外 EMA问题的研究现状进行梳理和总结,并提出我国也应加强对EMA事件的搜集、分析以及开展适合我国国情的防 控机制的研究,从而更好地应对EMA问题。 相似文献
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随着食品供应链全球化和复杂化,食品欺诈现象日益受到关注。以美国和欧美为代表的发达国家针对食品欺诈已展开了一系列研究。本文从食品欺诈的定义和分类、食品欺诈基础数据库的建立、食品欺诈缓解和脆弱性评估以及食品欺诈检测技术等方面对当前国内外食品欺诈的研究现状进行梳理和总结,以期为我国解决食品欺诈问题提供一些参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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生鲜乳是乳制品行业发展的主要原料,是决定乳制品质量的关键因素。然而近年来国内外在乳制品方面的食品安全事件频发,不法分子通过在生鲜乳中掺入虚假物质以获取经济利益的行为已经成为严重的安全问题,对人们健康以及整个乳制品行业造成不良影响。指纹图谱技术是对通过一定的分析工具产生的图像进行判别的一种检测技术,可以对生鲜乳的掺假进行更灵敏、准确和快速的检测。本文通过对生鲜乳的安全现状进行剖析,总结了电泳法、光谱法、色谱法和电子感官技术法4种指纹图谱技术在牛乳掺假检测中的应用,比较了4种技术的优点和局限性,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为提高生鲜乳的品质与安全以及保证消费者健康提供理论依据与参考。 相似文献
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随着消费者健康意识的提升, 果汁市场销售水平呈现快速增长态势。作为世界各地消费的重要饮料, 果汁已成为最常见的掺假目标之一。掺假果汁不仅对消费者的身体健康构成了直接的潜在威胁, 增加患病风险, 严重损害其健康权益, 更扰乱了市场秩序, 导致恶性竞争。因此果汁掺假检测技术逐渐成为研究热点。本文根据对样本影响程度的不同, 将果汁真伪鉴别技术分为有损和无损两大类, 从同位素分析、元素分析、色谱技术、光谱技术、智能感官技术、数字成像技术等多个方面, 汇集了果汁掺假检测技术大量的研究成果, 概述了各种掺假检测技术的原理、应用、优势以及局限性。在果汁掺假检测中, 与有损技术相比, 无损技术具有样品制备简便、操作易用、成本较低、便携性强以及无需使用试剂等优点。但要将技术运用于工业实践, 还需要结合生产需要, 以建立适用工业检验鉴定的模型。 相似文献
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John Spink Brian Bedard John Keogh Douglas C Moyer Joe Scimeca Akhila Vasan 《Journal of food science》2019,84(10):2705-2718
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Géraldine Boué Enda Cummins Sandrine Guillou Jean-Philippe Antignac Bruno Le Bizec 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2018,58(1):126-145
The safety and quality of infant milk, whether it is breast milk (BM) or infant formula (IF), are a major concern for parents and public health authorities. BM is recommended as the gold standard at WHO level. However, nowadays IF appears as an essential alternative in Western countries, challenging producers to optimize nutritional quality and safety of IF. The aim of the present article is to give an overview on the assessment and comparison of risks and benefits associated with BM and IF consumption. To date, this intensively debated subject has been mainly investigated. It has been shown that both diets could be sources of beneficial health effects in terms of nutrition and also risks in terms of chemical safety. Moreover, microbiologists have demonstrated that IF consumption can cause illness due to product contamination or inappropriate milk preparation. The article concludes on the bottlenecks and gaps that should be investigated to further progress the quantification of the impact of early diet on infant health. Performing a multi-disciplinary risk-benefit assessment with DALY as endpoint might be a future option to help prioritize management options. 相似文献
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Virginia M. Wheatley John Spink 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2013,12(6):599-613
Adverse health events resulting from dietary supplement fraud (DSF)—fraud conducted for economic gain using dietary supplements—have received increased recognition from agencies and industry. There is a growing awareness that this issue represents a significant public health threat. With increasing consumption of supplements, there are increasing consequences—good and bad—for food science and food safety. “Dietary supplements” are a special category of food that consists of finished products (for example, a vitamin D tablet) that contain 1 or more dietary ingredients. “Dietary ingredients” are the components of those finished products (for example, vitamin D added to a food product such as breakfast cereal). Due to a number of factors, potentially harmful dietary supplements reach—and often remain—in the market. DSF is a type of product fraud, as is food fraud, which is often classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as Economically Motivated Adulteration (EMA). Since the adulterants are unconventional, DSF may represent an even greater public health threat than traditional dietary supplement safety issues (though it is important to note that adulteration is only one type of fraud). Criminology concepts such as situational crime prevention and the crime triangle deepen understanding of the relationship of fraud opportunity as it relates to fraudsters and established hurdles to fraud. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview on the public health threat of DSF, and to focus on altering current intervention and response‐based approaches that are prevention‐based. 相似文献
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Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka; 《Food and Energy Security》2024,13(5):e70002
Food safety is paramount for human life as it prevents foodborne illnesses, protects public health, supports economic growth, and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. However, in recent years, various incidents of crimes against food and their significant public health consequences have been observed, seriously damaging consumer confidence. This article explores the emerging scientific discipline of food safety, which focuses on assessing the health status of food and ensuring that it is safe for consumption. It provides a thorough analysis of crimes committed against the food industry and the regulatory measures implemented to safeguard both the industry and consumers. Regulatory requirements and competent bodies play a crucial role in ensuring compliance and maintaining consumer confidence. However, challenges such as adulteration, lack of consistent definitions, and dispersion in food inspection supervision still persist. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including consistent guidelines, improved communication, and enhanced employee training. Additionally, there is a need for guidelines and legislation regulating the development and validation of nontargeted methods for quality control in the food sector. By addressing these issues, we can further enhance the food safety practices and protect the health of individuals and communities. 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2023,106(9):5908-5915
The demand for commercially available human breast milk has significantly increased in recent years. For various reasons, a significant amount of commercially available human breast milk is being adulterated with other types of milk. This fraudulent practice poses a threat to consumers' health due to potential adulterants such as cow milk, which may put the infant at risk due to intolerance or allergy. A direct sandwich anti-bovine IgG ELISA has been developed for the sensitive and specific detection of cow milk in adulterated human breast milk. This assay uses polyclonal anti-bovine IgG antibody as a capture antibody and monoclonal anti-bovine IgG-alkaline phosphatase antibody as a detection antibody. Once optimized, the assay was found to be highly sensitive, and specific to bovine IgG. The assay had no significant cross-reaction with human breast milk, indicating that it was highly specific. The anti-bovine IgG ELISA was able to detect the presence of cow milk in adulterated human breast milk with a detection limit of 0.001% cow milk. The developed assay was highly reproducible (coefficient of variation <10%). The developed direct sandwich anti-bovine IgG ELISA is simple, reliable, and reproducible, making it an ideal test for this purpose. 相似文献
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Vahid Jamali;Aryou Emamifar;Hadi Beiginejad;Mohammad Moradi;Mousa Rasouli; 《Food Science & Nutrition》2024,12(10):8432-8440
Grape molasses (GM), produced from grapes, is a traditional Iranian food and is widely consumed in Iran. However, GM adulteration is among the most widespread illegitimate procedures involving contamination of food with foreign materials, such as adding sugar–water solution, date syrup, sugar beet syrup, and grape sauce. This study used stable carbon 13C/12C isotope ratio analysis method to detect adulteration of GM samples with glucose syrups (GS), fructose syrups (FS), and beet sugar syrups (BS) at the ratio of 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% (by weight). Physicochemical properties of GM including °Brix, conductivity, specific gravity, pH, moisture content, ash content, hydroxymethyl furfural, sugar content, and rheological properties of samples were investigated. The δ13C isotope ratio of the GM was determined as −26.61%, that of the GS as −13.23%, that of the FS as −13.42%, and that of the BS as −16.58%. The δ13C isotope ratio increased by the addition of adulterant syrups to GM. The addition of each adulterant syrup had a different effect on the physicochemical parameters; however, the °Brix and specific gravity had a positive correlation with the δ13C isotope ratio results. The magnitudes of G' and G\" increase with an increase in frequency representing the viscoelastic behavior of samples. The obtained results of this study suggest the use of δ13C isotope ratio method as a fast and accurate method to investigate the adulteration of grape molasses. 相似文献
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目的 提高牛奶掺假检测的准确率。方法 提出一种结合拉曼光谱和时空注意力网络的牛奶掺假检测方法,通过拉曼光谱提取分子特征,利用拉曼光谱和时空注意力网络模型提取时序和空间特征,并通过自注意力机制加权重要信息。结果 与现有方法相比,试验方法的牛奶掺假检测准确率平均提升了4.5%,精确度平均提升了约5.8%,召回率平均提升了4.9%,F1分数平均提升了5.4%。结论 试验方法对牛奶掺假检测具有高精度、高鲁棒性、实时检测潜力和可推广性,能够应用于牛奶生产及监管过程中的在线质量监控,并可拓展至其他食品的掺假检测中。 相似文献
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Eunyoung Hong Sang Yoo Lee Jae Yun Jeong Jung Min Park Byung Hee Kim Kisung Kwon Hyang Sook Chun 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2017,97(12):3877-3896
This review provides current information on the analytical methods used to identify food adulteration in the six most adulterated food categories: animal origin and seafood, oils and fats, beverages, spices and sweet foods (e.g. honey), grain‐based food, and others (organic food and dietary supplements). The analytical techniques (both conventional and emerging) used to identify adulteration in these six food categories involve sensory, physicochemical, DNA‐based, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and have been combined with chemometrics, making these techniques more convenient and effective for the analysis of a broad variety of food products. Despite recent advances, the need remains for suitably sensitive and widely applicable methodologies that encompass all the various aspects of food adulteration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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概述了德国在食品安全、健康与营养方面的消费者保护政策,包括食品卫生和安全、食品健康和营养、特殊食品和食品添加剂、食品标签、食品监督和控制等。 相似文献