不同操作参数下动态水力旋流器内部油水两相流动的数值模拟

根据计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法,应用Fluent软件对动态水力旋流器内部油水两相流场进行数值模拟,考察了不同入口流量及转筒转速下旋流器内速度场与油水两相的分布情况。结果表明:动态水力旋流器内切向速度呈双涡结构(准自由涡与准强制涡);轴向速度明显小于切向速度且不存在零速度包络面,油相集中于旋流器轴心形成油核,随着流量及转速的增加,各相速度及中心油核浓度均增加。     

油水分离水力旋流器锥段长度对速度场影响研究

油水分离水力旋流器锥段长度对旋流器的性能影响非常巨大,用CFD计算方法对旋流器通过运用雷诺切应力RSM湍流模型与代数滑移应力ASM,基于欧拉法的Mixture两相流模型进行模拟分析。得到大小锥段长度变化对两锥段的轴向与切向速度影响,结果表明旋流器内旋流轴向速度对大、小锥段长度均敏感,外旋流切向速度对大锥段长度敏感。研究结果为优化旋流器结构与设计提供参考．     

锥段长度对微型旋流分离器内流场影响的数值模拟

采用CFD软件FLUENT对3种不同锥段长度的微型旋流分离器中的液相流动规律进行数值模拟.模拟结果表明,随着旋流器锥体长度的增加,旋流器内切向速度降低,径向速度减小,轴向速度增大,压降减小,分流比增大.适当加长旋流器长度可获得较佳的分离性能,然而过分增加旋流器长度,分离性能反而会降低.     

防返混锥对旋风分离器流场影响的大涡模拟

防返混锥可用于常规旋风分离器的改造以提升分离性能。基于大涡模拟(LES),从平均流场、湍流脉动和流场稳定性等方面,系统地研究了配置防返混锥后旋风分离器全局流场的变化情况。具体结论如下:圆筒段和圆锥段的平均切向速度略有提升、中心平均轴向速度轻微上移,灰斗壁面附近的切向速度几乎不变、轴向速度有所提升,灰斗底部中心区域的切向速度和轴向速度均明显降低;防返混锥附近切向与轴向的湍流脉动轴对称性有所恶化,且局部位置脉动数值增幅较大,但灰斗底部区域的脉动得以削弱;尽管在临近防返混锥的区域内旋进涡核(PVC)摆动有所增强,但全局流域的涡核平均偏心距仍降低了近21.3%。     

分离空间结构对旋流器流场和传质面积的影响

为了揭示分离空间结构对水力喷射空气旋流器(WSA)的气液传质性能影响作用机理,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)和流体体积多相流(VOF)模型对圆柱型和柱锥结合型水力喷射空气旋流器内部耦合场进行了数值模拟,并以CO_2-NaOH化学吸收体系测定了这2种分离空间结构WSA的有效比相界面积。结果表明:分离空间结构对WSA内的射-旋流耦合场中轴向、切向和径向速度分布都有较大影响。柱锥结合型WSA的耦合场具有较高的切向速度、较低的轴向速度和较稳定的径向速度;而圆柱型WSA的耦合场具有较大的轴向速度、较小的切向速度和稳定性较小的径向速度场。与圆柱型WSA相比,柱锥结合型WSA的流体湍动能和有效比相界面积高于前者,这是后者传质效率高的主要原因。     

液液水力旋流器流场特性与分离特性研究 (一)——锥角变化对切向速度场的影响

研究了液液水力旋流器锥角变化对其切向速度场分布的影响，主要讨论了大、小锥角变化时大锥段和小锥段速度场的分布情况，得出了一些有益的结论     

除油旋流器入口流量与基本性能的关系研究

对除油旋流器边壁的油滴粒径变化、旋流器的分离效率以及压力降与入口流量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,当入口流量达到一定程度时 ,旋流器边壁的平均粒径随入口流量的增加而降低 ,分离效率随入口流量的增加而增加。整个旋流器以及旋流器各段的压力降均与入口流量成指数关系 ,都随入口流量的增加而增加。在旋流器的压力损失中 ,进口、旋流腔及大锥段所占比例最大 ,且基本不随入口流量的变化而变化 ;小锥段次之 ,并随入口流量的增大而增大 ;直管段的压力损失所占的比例最小 ,它随入口流量的增大而不断降低。     

水力旋流器内部流体切向速度研究

在试验和数值模拟的基础上,对水力旋流器内部的准自由涡运动规律做了定量分析,提出了在旋流器内部的准自由涡运动指数n不是一个常数的观点。并根据实际旋流器的几何结构给出了n的变化规律和具体表达式,从而对现有描述旋流器切向速度的公式做了相应修改。算例结果表明本文提出的计算旋流器内部切向速度的公式要比现有计算公式能更真实的反映旋流器内部流体的切向运动,为水力旋流器的工艺设计提供了可靠的理论基础。     

液液水力旋流器场特性与分离特性研究（一）：锥角变化对切向速度场 …

研究了液液水力旋流器锥角变化对其切向速度场分布的影响，主要讨论了大、小锥角变化时大锥段和小锻段速度场的分布情况，得出了一些有益的结论。     

天然气脱蜡旋风分离器分离效率的模拟

旋风分离器分离效率高,不易堵塞,用于天然气脱蜡效果显著。通过CFD软件Fluent模拟CYG-S型天然气脱蜡旋风分离器的两相流场,得到了旋风分离器内的压力、切向速度、轴向速度分布。对比了不同入口速度下的模拟与理论计算的分割粒径x50,发现具有很好的吻合度,两相模拟有一定的可靠性。结果表明：在旋风分离器锥段底部靠近壁面处的石蜡液滴质量浓度较高;随着进口流量的增加,旋风分离器分离效率提高,当进口流量为1000 m3/h时,x50可以达到5.3 μm;大粒径液滴的分离效果明显,但在所研究的进口流量范围内,进口流量的变化不能明显地影响粒径小于5 μm液滴的分离效率;柱段和锥段长度的增加使得旋风分离器的整体长度增加,延长了液滴在旋风分离器内的停留时间,提高了旋风分离器的分离效率。     

Flow Patterns in Mini‐Hydrocyclones with Different Vortex Finder Depths

Two‐phase flow patterns in a mini‐hydrocyclone with different insertion depths of the vortex finder were measured by a phase Doppler particle analyzer. The distributions of velocity, concentration, root‐mean‐square velocity, and average diameter of particles were evaluated. A deeper insertion of the vortex finder led to smaller tangential velocity at the cross section near the column cone interface. When the vortex finder insertion depth did not reach the column cone interface, the vortex finder was inserted deeper and the line of zero velocity value migrated more distinctly inward. When the vortex finder insertion depth reached or exceeded the column cone interface, strong turbulence occurred near the vortex finder. The distributions of the axial velocities of particles and root‐mean‐square velocities indicated that circulation flow existed at the bottom part of the mini‐hydrocyclone.     

Test of flow field on the annular meridian plane in a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow

Enhancement of membrane microfiltration by rotary tangential flow is a new technique, which is based on the hydrocyclone mechanism. It improved the structure of the general membrane separator and the form of the liquid suspension flowing into the separator, so as to increase membrane fluxes and decrease membrane fouling. In our research, a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow was designed for the first time. The flow field characteristics of polypropylene tubular membrane microfiltration in this tubular separator were studied systematically by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) test. Streamlines and velocity distributions of the meridian plane of the separator under different operating parameters were obtained. The velocity distribution characteristics of rotary circular tangential flow were analyzed quantitatively with the following conclusions being obtained:

• (1) In the non‐vortex area, no matter how the operating parameters (flux, entry pressure) change, the velocity near the rotary tangential flow entrance is higher than the velocity far from the entrance at the same radial coordinates. In the vortex area, generally the flow velocity of the inner vortex is lower than that of the outer vortex. At the vortex center, the velocity is the lowest, the radial velocity being generally equal to zero. In the vortex zone, the radial velocity is less than the axial velocity.
• (2) Under test conditions, the radial velocity and the axial velocity of the vortexes' borders are 1–2 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module. The maximum radial velocity and axial velocity of Taylor vortexes are 2–5 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module.
• (3) In the vortexes that formed on the meridian plane, it was found that mass transfer occurred between the inner and outer parts of the fluid. Much fluid moved from the outer vortexes into the inner ones, which was able to prevent particles blocking the membrane tube.

Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Flow patterns in conical and cylindrical hydrocyclones

Using a two beam, 300 mW laser Doppler velocimeter, the tangential and axial velocity fields were determined for the water flow in a 102-mm modular hydrocyclone. The body of the equipment could be changed to transform it into a conical or a flat bottom hydrocyclone. During the tests the pressure drop and the diameter of apex and vortex were varied and the axial and the tangential velocities and their turbulence intensity were measured. The results shows that the inlet pressure affects only the magnitude of the velocities, but does not change the flow pattern. The tangential velocity is similar in both types of hydrocylones while the axial velocity is different. In both hydrocyclones the axial velocity is a function of the radial position but, while it is a linear function of the vertical coordinate in the cylindrical hydrocyclone, this is not the case for the conical vessel.     

提升管出口SVQS自然旋风长度的数值模拟

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对一套φ600 mm×4150 mm的SVQS旋流快分装置的气相流场及自然旋风长度进行了模拟研究。结果表明,SVQS旋风尾涡的截面位置与隔流筒下端面最大切向速度衰减达88%时的截面位置相吻合,并据此定义了SVQS的自然旋风长度。基于SVQS旋流快分切向速度的分布规律发现,SVQS的自然旋风长度随喷口气速的增加和汽提气速的减小而逐渐增大。参照旋风分离器自然旋风长度的计算方法,基于SVQS旋流快分的结构特点及模拟计算结果,提出了提升管出口SVQS旋流快分自然旋风长度的计算关系式。     

多进口旋流器流场特征及分离性能

为了改善单进口旋流器稳定性差、分级效率低等问题,本文提出了多进口旋流器结构。通过数值模拟方法,在恒定入料工况下,对比分析了单、二、三、四进口旋流器的流场特征和分离性能。研究结果表明：增加旋流器进口数量,会对旋流器流场和分离性能产生积极影响,有利于旋流流场径向压力的增大,且进口数量为偶数时,流场径向静压力增强效果更好;旋流器柱段区域流场切向速度增大,有利于强化旋流器分离能力。同时使用Mixture耦合RSM模型预测了离散相CaCO₃颗粒的分离效率,结果表明多进口旋流器可以在低速度入口条件下完成离散相的高精度分离。入料速度为3m/s的工况条件下,多进口旋流器分离50μm、57.5μm颗粒的底流分配率较单进口旋流器分别提升了10.60%、5.59%,对抑制旋流器溢流产品错配率和提高分级精度有积极的影响。因此,增加旋流器进口数量,可以有效提升旋流分级效率和分离精度。     

双入口直切式旋风分离器流场内旋进涡核现象的研究

主要研究了双入口直切式旋风分离器流场中的一种涡核非稳态现象———旋进涡核。实验表明 ,旋进涡核存在于分离器排尘口下部及锥体中下部 ,在排尘口处涡核摆动最强烈 ,同时涡核的摆动在一定操作参数下具有一定的频率和幅值 ,因此势必会造成粉尘的夹带返混 ,致使分离器效率降低。与单入口旋风分离器相比 ,双入口直切式旋风分离器内旋进涡核频率降低 ,幅值减小 ,但范围不变。说明入口形式是否轴对称对旋进涡核的存在与否不起主要作用     

MEASUREMENTS OF MEAN VELOCITY PROFILES IN A HYDROCYCLONE USING LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY

A quantitative study of the axial and tangential components of the mean velocity in a 3'-hydrocyclone using laser doppler anemometry has revealed multiple reverse flows in the vortex core. Flow visualization by dye injection shows that these flows are coherent over a significant portion of the hydrocyclone and that little radial mixing occurs between these secondary flows and the outer helical flow. A 2:1 contraction in the vortex finder plays an important role in causing four distinct simultaneous countercurrent flows in the conical section of the hydrocyclone.     

Flow Characteristics in a Vortex Chamber

In this article we examine confined swirling flows using the integral equations of continuity and energy, along with the minimum pressure criterion. The pressure drop and the core size have been studied in the swirling confined vortex chamber. Both the n = 2 vortex model, with reverse and non‐reverse flow, and the free vortex model have been used at the vortex chamber exit plane. The influence of vortex chamber geometry, such as contraction ratio, inlet angle, area ratio, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number, on the flow field has been analyzed and compared with the present experimental data. The pressure drop across the vortex chamber differs from that in pipe flow, due to the mechanism of swirl flow that depends mainly on the intensity of tangential velocity. If the chamber length is increased, the vortex decays producing a weaker tangential velocity (less centrifugal force) that leads to less pressure drop. Based on the present theory, a new approach to determine the tangential velocity and radial pressure profiles inside the vortex chamber is developed and compared with the available experimental data. It shown that the n = 2 vortex model with reverse flow gives better results for strongly swirling flow.     

不同入口流速下导叶式液液旋流器内流场与性能分析

应用激光多普勒测试技术测得导叶式液液旋流器内切向、轴向速度的分布规律,结合性能实验结果分析可知,导叶式液液旋流器高效分离柱段所需的最大切向速度vθmax=6.6 ～9.6m/s,压降△p=ξρvi2/2,且ζ =5.2131×104.