649株临床分离真菌分布及药物敏感性分析

目的了解和分析临床分离的真菌分布及药物敏感性现状。方法收集2008年9月至2009年9月间住院患者送检培养标本,接种科玛嘉真菌显色培养基分离及鉴定真菌或用梅里埃ATBID32C进行鉴定。用ATBFungus3药敏板进行药敏试验。结果649株真菌中居前三位为白色假丝酵母245株(37.7%),次为光滑假丝酵母200株(30.8%)热带假丝酵母116株(17.9%);真菌分离率较高的科室前3位的分别为ICU、呼吸内科、神经内科;痰标本检出率最高(80.7%)次为血液(6.1%),药敏结果显示伏立康唑、两性霉素B敏感性较好。结论真菌感染以白色假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母为主,真菌感染率有所上升,临床应及时送检疑似真菌感染标本,重视真菌病原学检查及药敏监测,正确、合理的使用抗真菌药物。     

肝胆外科病房深部白色念珠菌感染73例报告

目的探讨肝胆外科病房深部白色念珠菌感染的危险因素及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年1月我院肝胆外科病房73例深部白色念珠菌感染患者的临床资料。结果治疗两周后,58例患者真菌培养复查阴性,好转出院;占(79.5%),死亡15例(其中6例自动出院后死亡),病死率为20.5%。结论深部白色念珠菌感染是肝胆外科病房的常见并发症,临床应当合理使用抗生素和肾上腺皮质激素,警惕深部真菌感染,做到早期诊断,及时治疗。     

大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株的耐药性分析

目的分析临床分离的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布情况及耐药性。方法收集吉林大学中日联谊医院临床标本中分离的221株大肠埃希菌和152株肺炎克雷伯菌,采用纸片扩散法检测抗菌素的敏感性;双纸片协同试验和纸片表型确证试验筛选并确证产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株;按照美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)2005年版的标准判断结果。结果大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感性最高,均达100%;对头孢他啶、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢西丁的敏感性也较高,均大于70%,而对氨苄西林的耐药性均大于90%。共检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌118株,检出率为53.4%;肺炎克雷伯菌21株,检出率为13.8%;产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的两种菌株与非产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的同种菌株相比,对抗菌素的耐药性均明显增加。结论大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌仍是产超广谱的β-内酰胺酶的主要菌株,且对常用抗菌素产生了较高的耐药性。     

2003年至2010年铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性变迁及临床对策

目的调查及分析临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性及其变迁,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对医院2003年1月至2010年12月住院患者各种标本中分离到的铜绿假单胞菌1124株,采用20种抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并比较4年的变迁。结果分离到的铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢替坦、头孢唑林、呋喃妥因、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率均>90.00%;对碳青酶烯类美罗培南产生了51.51%的耐药率;对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、庆大霉素、头孢匹美、头孢他啶、环丙沙星的敏感率均>60.00%;而最敏感的是妥布霉素、阿米卡星。结论铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星、妥布霉素敏感性最高,而对其他几种多药耐药现象严重,当引起临床重视。     

1,8-桉树脑对白色念珠菌生物膜影响分析

以生物膜形式存在的细菌通常对常用的抗微生物剂具有耐药性。因此,对化合物1,8-桉树脑的体外抗菌活性进行了评价,以探索新的药剂。通过对8种细菌和真菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度测定,结果表明,精油对真菌的抑制作用强于对细菌的抑制作用,尤其是对白色念珠菌的抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度为0.156%。     

县级医院病原菌的分布及常用抗生素的相关性分析

目的分析医院感染常见病菌的分布及药敏情况,为临床合理选择抗生素提供参考。方法回顾性研究我院细菌室2005年11月至2006年12月送检标本1048份的细菌培养和药敏试验。结果G-b和真菌的检出率增加,抗生素的平均敏感率50.4%。结论临床医生应该重视病菌分析,合理使用抗生素。     

26株铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物敏感性的体外研究

目的了解院内感染铜绿假单胞茵的耐药性变化情况,为临床诊治提供参考。方法收集2005年至2007年我院各科临床标本,分离培养铜绿假单胞茵并做药敏鉴定,分析其耐药性的变化。结果共检出26株铜绿假单胞茵。进行抗生素的耐药性检测,亚胺培南和哌拉西林、环丙沙星等抗生素的具有较强的抗菌作用,氨苄西林和头孢曲松为甚,其耐药率高达96.15%和84.62%。结论要加强对铜绿假单胞茵的耐药性检测并合理使用抗生素以延缓耐药菌株增加。     

口腔念珠菌病224例临床表现及真菌学诊断的临床应用

目的探讨口腔白色念珠菌病的易感因素掌握并加深对白色念珠病的认识,从而为临床正确合理治疗奠定基础。方法对224例的白色念珠菌病感染的病例均进行口腔粘膜病区唾液作涂片检查或细菌培养。结果发现口腔白色念珠菌感染的病人均与全身和局部刺激因素有密切关系。结论口腔念珠菌病的病人多见于老年人,尤其是戴义齿修复者占多数,其次,年老体弱、婴幼儿,长期应用广谱抗菌素激素,头颈部肿瘤放化疗者,严重血液病等。     

云南红豆杉内生真菌次生代谢产物抗菌活性的研究

从红豆杉树皮中分离得到一株产紫杉醇或紫杉烷类化合物的内生真菌,分别用三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯对其次生代谢产物进行提取,以白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌作为指示菌株,对提取液的抑菌活性进行了检测。结果显示:目标菌株次生代谢产物的两种提取物对五种致病菌都有一定的抑制效果,且胞外提取物的抑菌活力均比胞内提取物的抑菌活力大;三氯甲烷提取物的抑菌活性强于乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性;其中三氯甲烷胞外提取物对金黄色葡萄球和白色念珠菌菌表现出非常强烈的抑菌效果。     

220株铜绿假单孢菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的本调查试图通过分析220株铜绿假单孢菌的来源和耐药性来了解铜绿假单孢菌的流行和耐药情况。方法选用220株来自永州市人民医院2009年7月至2010年1月临床标本的铜绿假单孢菌,分析其临床分布情况并用药敏试验测定其对13种抗菌药的耐药性。结果菌株来源分析显示铜绿假单孢菌可以在人体不同部位、临床不同科室引起院内感染,而感染率最高的是呼吸道和抗菌药被大量使用的呼吸内科和外科ICU。药敏试验结果显示铜绿假单孢菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和头孢类抗菌药不敏感,而敏感度最高的是阿米卡星(81.4%)和妥布霉素(77.7%)。结论本次调查结果可以指导临床治疗铜绿假单孢菌感染的药物选择,同时有助于了解和控制铜绿假单孢菌引起的院内感染的流行情况。     

抗白念珠菌人源性单链抗体库的构建及筛选

目的构建多样性良好的抗白念珠菌人源性单链抗体库,筛选抗白念珠菌特异性的噬菌体抗体。方法从20份人外周血淋巴细胞(包括正常成年人5份、新生儿5份和白念珠菌感染恢复期患者10份)中提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA,PCR扩增人抗体重链(VH)和轻链(VL)可变区基因,以重叠延伸PCR法将VH和VL拼接成scFv基因,克隆入噬菌粒载体pCANTAB-5E中,电转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue,构建人源抗白念珠菌天然噬菌体抗体库,并从中筛选阳性克隆抗体。结果构建的人源性抗白念珠菌天然噬菌体抗体库库容为2.8×109,多样性良好。共筛选出18个阳性克隆。结论已成功构建了1个多样性良好的抗白念珠菌人源性噬菌体抗体库,为筛选有效治疗白念珠菌和耐药性白念珠菌感染的药物提供了条件。     

白假丝酵母PDY-07厌氧生物降解4-氯酚的研究

1 INTRODUCTION Chlorinated organic compounds are one of the most important groups of xenobiotic chemicals enter- ing the environment. They are extensively used as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, heat transfer me- dia, insulators, and lubricants[1,2]. Chlorophenols (CPs) have been extensively used to preserve wood and in pesticides, pesticides, herbicides, biocides and dyes[3]. CPs are persistent in the environment, are toxic, and cause increased risk to health[4―6]; therefore, the…     

Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Antifungal Effect of Some Butyltin(IV) N-substituted 2-aminoethanethiolates

Six new N-substituted di- and tributyltin 2-aminoethanethiolates (cysteaminates) have been prepared and characterised by (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy. All these compounds exhibit a good in vitro antifungal effect against selected types of human pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and their activity is comparable with that of some antifungal drugs commonly used in the clinical use like ketoconazole. The structure-activity relationships in these compounds are discussed.     

Preparation of amphiphilic chitosan and their antimicrobial activities

Two anionic soluble monomers, mono(2‐methacryloyl oxyethyl)acid phosphate and vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt, were grafted onto chitosan to obtain copolymers with zwitterionic property. Graft reaction improved the antimicrobial activities of chitosan. Antimicrobial activities of chitosan and graft copolymers depended largely on the amount and type of grafted chains as well as changes of pH, against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton violaceum. The most excellent antimicrobial activity among tested samples was shown at pH 5.75 with demonstrating strain selectivity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton violaceum due to the difference in affinity between cell wall of fungi and chitosan or its derivatives. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1713–1719, 1999     

Creation of Sutures with Antimicrobial Properties

It was found that Decamethoxin, as a broad-spectrum antiseptic with a pronounced antibacterial and fungicidal action, and BF-6 phenol-polyvinylacetal adhesive, which gives complex sutures the structure of a pseudomonofilament, are best as antimicrobial additives in a modifying composite for giving surgical sutures antimicrobial properties. A Decamethoxin content in the modifying composite of 10% of the weight of BF-6 (1.7–2.0% in the suture) is sufficient for manifestation of the antimicrobial effect with respect to Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and yeast-like fungi. The antimicrobial activity of a suture with a 1.7–2.0 wt. % decamethoxin content in the period from 2 to 24 h increases by 4 times with respect to E. coli and by 8 times with respect to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast-like fungi. Application of a coating of BF-6 adhesive with Decamethoxin has almost no effect on the physicomechanical properties of the sutures, but the capillarity decreases significantly (by ∼86%), which also decreases the probability of wound infection. The kinetics of release of Decamethoxin does not change after radiation sterilization of the sutures, i.e., the composition and content of the antimicrobial additive in the modified sutures and its antimicrobial activity are preserved. The optimum medium for storage of sterile modified sutures is 1% Decamethoxin solution. After 12 days of storage, the sutures remain sterile and lose a maximum of 6% of the breaking strength. Institute of Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated fromKhimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 47–52, July–August, 2000.     

Antibacterial Properties of V-doped Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag Prepared at Different Calcination Temperatures

Perovskite-type V-doped titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (VTBBFS) photocatalyst was prepared by high-temperature solid phase method.The influence of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of VTBBFS was studied in details.Its composition and microstructure were evaluated by X-ray diffractometer,ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope.The antibacterial properties of VTBBFS to Candida albicans were investigated by flask oscillation method.The results showed that the optical absorption and antibacterial properties of VTBBFS were the best with 10%(ω) doping of vanadium,prepared at 800℃ for 2 h,and its sterilization rate was close to 100% to Candida albicans (ATCC10231).The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were 25 and 50 mg/mL.When the concentration was 0.2 μg/mL,the catalyst had the least toxic toxicity.     

Streptococcus mutans Inhibits Candida albicans Hyphal Formation by the Fatty Acid Signaling Molecule trans‐2‐Decenoic Acid (SDSF)

In the human mouth, fungi and several hundred species of bacteria coexist. Here we report a case of interkingdom signaling in the oral cavity: A compound excreted by the caries bacterium Streptococcus mutans inhibits the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae, an important virulence trait, in the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. The compound excreted by S. mutans was originally studied because it inhibited signaling by the universal bacterial signal autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2), determined by the luminescence of a Vibrio harveyi sensor strain. The inhibitor was purified from cell‐free culture supernatants of S. mutans guided by its activity. Its chemical structure was elucidated by using NMR spectroscopy and GC‐MS and proved to be trans‐2‐decenoic acid. We show that trans‐2‐decenoic acid does not inhibit AI‐2‐specific signaling, but rather the luciferase reaction used for its detection. A potential biological role of trans‐2‐decenoic acid was then discovered. It is able to suppress the transition from yeast to hyphal morphology in the opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans at concentrations that do not affect growth. The expression of HWP1, a hyphal‐specific signature gene of C. albicans, is abolished by trans‐2‐decenoic acid. trans‐2‐Decenoic acid is structurally similar to the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family of interkingdom‐signaling molecules and is the first member of this family from a Gram‐positive organism (Streptococcus DSF, SDSF). SDSF activity was also found in S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. sanguinis, but not in other oral bacteria. SDSF could be relevant in shaping multispecies Candida bacteria biofilms in the human body.     

Antifungal activity of denture soft lining material modified by silver nanoparticles-a pilot study

Soft liner materials in oral cavity environments are easily colonized both by fungi and dental plaque. These factors are the cause of mucosal infections. The microorganism that most frequently colonizes soft liner materials is Candida albicans. Colonization occurs on the surface of materials and within materials. A solution to this problem might involve modification of soft liner materials with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this article, we present results showing the antifungal efficacy of silicone soft lining materials modified with AgNPs. The modification process was conducted by dissolving both material components (base and catalyst) in a colloidal solution of AgNPs and evaporating the solvent. Composites with various AgNP concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 ppm) were examined. The in vitro antifungal efficacy (AFE) of composite samples was 16.3% to 52.5%.     

Isolation and Purification of a Novel Deca-Antifungal Peptide from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Jopung) Against Candida albicans

In a previous study, an antifungal protein, AFP-J, was purified from tubers of the potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. L Jopung) and by gel filtration and HPLC. In this study, the functional peptide was characterized by partial acid digestion using HCl and HPLC. We obtained three peaks from the AFP-J, the first and third peaks were not active in the tested fungal strain. However, the second peak, which was named Potide-J, was active (MIC; 6.25 μg/mL) against Candida albicans. The amino acid sequences were analyzed by automated Edman degradation, and the amino acid sequence of Potide-J was determined to be Ala-Val-Cys-Glu-Asn-Asp-Leu-Asn-Cys-Cys. Mass spectrometry showed that its molecular mass was 1083.1 Da. Finally, we confirmed that a disulfide bond was present between Cys(3) and Cys(9) or Cys(10). Using this structure, Potide-J was synthesized via solid-phase methods. In these experiments, only the linear sequence was shown to display strong activity against Candida albicans. These results suggest that Potide-J may be an excellent candidate compound for the development of commercially applicable antibiotic agents.     

Rheological and other physical characteristics of polysaccharides from two black yeast-like fungi

Two black yeast polysaccharides show similar non-Newtonian behavior when the effects of polysaccharide concentration, shear rate, pH, salt, and temperature on the viscosity of dispersions are examined. Both polysaccharides readily form viscous aqueous dispersions and can be cast into flexible films, and both stabilize oil–water emulsions. Each of these two polysaccharides occurs extracellularly in the culture fluids of two different black yeast-like fungi—Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot (strain NRRL YB-4163) and Rhinocladiella mansonii (Castellani) Schol-Schwarz (strain NRRL Y-6272). This report appears to be the first on the rheology of an extracellular polysaccharide which contains the unusual sugar N-acetyl-D -glucosaminuronic acid.