α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金的X射线定量相分析

采用联立方程组确立了α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金中相含量的计算方法.该方法运用最小二乘回归法和抛弃平均法消除病态方程组.将其应用于α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金的相含量计算,所得结果与直接对比法一致.     

Nd2Fe14B/(α-Fe,Fe3B)复合纳米晶的生长动力学研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe、Fe3B纳米晶的生长动力学.根据纳米晶生长达到稳定状态所需的时间常数tE与退火温度Ta的关系,计算了α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的生长激活能为Egα-Fe=95±2 kJ/mol和E Fe3B=133±13 kJ/mol.该值远小于α-Fe和Fe3B两相的表观晶化激活能Ecα-Fe=555 kJ/mol和EcFe3B=481 kJ/mol.这表明Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的形成主要由成核所控制.     

机械球磨制备纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料及晶化行为研究

机械球磨氲气保护下的铸态Nd8Fe86B6合金,并进行晶化处理,制备了纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料.用XRD、TEM和DSC等手段研究了不同球磨工艺和晶化处理工艺对纳米双相Nd8Fe86B6材料组织结构影响.同时研究了非晶态Nd8Fe86B6材料的晶化行为.结果表明延长球磨时间,Nd2Fe14B相迅速细化形成非晶,α-Fe的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,25h后趋于定值(约为7nm).球磨时间越长,所需完全晶化的温度越高,晶化后粉末的晶粒越小且越均匀.在晶化过程中,非晶态Nd8Fe86B6首先形成Nd4 4Fe77.8B17.8、Nd1.1Fe4B4、Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe四相混合物.升高温度,最后得到Nd2Fe14B相和α-Fe相,但最终产物中仍有少量未分解的Nd1.1Fe4B4相.     

Nd2Fe14 B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料的有效各向异性

Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料中存在软-软、软-硬、硬-硬3种不同磁性晶粒界面。不同晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用使其有效各向异性常数Keff减小。Keff可以用这3种不同有效各向异性的统计平均值表示。计算结果显示：如随晶粒尺寸D的减小和软磁性成分的增加而降低。当D减小到4nm时,Keff减小为通常各向异性常数值的1/3∽1/4。当软磁性相体积分数为50％时,Keff的值下降为硬磁性相对应值的1/2左右。有效各二向异性与矫顽力的变化规律基本相同。     

不同淬速下α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶结构的形成

采用X射线衍射分析、透射电子显微分析技术及振动样品磁强计研究了ND3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5合金熔体在不同淬速下α—Fe／Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶结构的形成和磁性。结果表明．在淬速低于20m／s时随着淬速的升高Nd2Fe14B和α—Fe纳米晶的尺寸变得均匀、细小，α—Fe相的体积分数增加。当辊速由10m／s增加到20m／s时，Nd2Fe14B和α—Fe相的晶粒尺寸分别由51．2nm和30．2nm减小到13．4nm和16．3nm。α—Fe相的体积由31.9%增至48．6％，并在20m／s时获得了193．6kJ／m^3的最大磁能积。     

纳米晶复合Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe合金薄带的磁性

研究了双相纳米晶复合Ｐｒ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ／α－Ｆｅ永磁合金薄带的剩磁增强效应与α－Ｆｅ体积分类、合金晶粒平均尺寸ｄ、辊速υ以及薄带厚度之间的关系，讨论了起始磁化过程，Ｈｃｉ与Ｈｅｘｔ关系以及形核场与交换耦合钉扎场的物理模型和磁硬化机理。     

Cr替代Co对Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B纳米复合磁体微观结构与磁性能的影响

主要研究了添加Cr置换Nd5Fe72.3Cu0.2Co4B18.5合金中的Co元素对Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B型纳米复合永磁体磁性能与微观结构的影响.结果表明相应于Co元素而言,添加Cr元素可有效细化NdFeB合金软、硬磁性相的晶粒尺寸;随退火温度的升高,添加Cr元素的Nd5Fe72.3Cu0.2Cr4B18.5合金的jHc值随退火温度的变化不明显.DTA曲线分析表明,NdFeCuCoB具有一个放热峰,而NdFeCuCrB具有两个放热峰.NdFeCuCrB非晶合金在650℃退火处理30min可获得最佳磁性能Br=0.944T,jHc=383kA/m,(BH)max=77.5kJ/m3.     

稀土及硼含量对α-Fe/R2Fe14B纳米晶稀土永磁材料磁性能的影响

分析了自1993年至今国内外文献中报道的α-Fe/R2Fe14B纳米晶稀土永磁薄带的实验数据,研究了稀土含量及硼含量对材料磁性能的影响.结果表明,随稀土含量的增加,纳米晶稀土永磁薄带的矫顽力增加,剩磁趋于减小,稀土含量在8%～9%之间获得最佳的综合磁性能;较高的硼含量有利于获得高矫顽力,但不利于得到高剩磁,硼含量在5%～6%之间为宜.     

纳米复合Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料晶化行为和磁性能的研究

利用熔体快淬和晶化处理方法制备了Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料.采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)、磁性测量(VSM)等方法对合金的晶化行为和磁性能进行研究.结果发现对于Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe熔体快淬永磁粉末,α-Fe相析出温度对材料升温速率敏感,可通过提高升温速率尽量使α-Fe和Pr2Fe14B两相的析出温度接近,但难以找到一个温度使两相同时大量析出.(Pr8.2Fe86.1B5.7)0.99Zr1淬态合金在963K时,会生成亚稳相Pr2Fe23B3,使磁性能恶化,延长晶化热处理时间或增高晶化热处理温度均可使亚稳相分解.合金在合适的条件下热处理后,材料磁性能较淬态样品有明显提高.     

Study of the formation of crystal texture in α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite magnets prepared by controlled melt-spinning

For further improving the magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets, the study of the formation of crystal textures in the hard magnetic phase is of great significance. In the present study, a strong (00l) crystal texture with the c-axis perpendicular to the ribbon plane was obtained in Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocrystals in the α-Fe/Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocomposite magnets prepared by the controlled melt-spinning of NdPrFeCoB. The intensity of the texture weakens from the free surface layer of the ribbon to the layer attached with the wheel. The oriented Nd₂Fe₁₄B crystals have a fine equiaxed characteristic, d = 36 nm, in the layer attached with the wheel and a coarse columnar characteristic, d = 69 nm, in the layer near the free surface. The formation of the crystal texture in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocrystals is attributed to a large temperature gradient normal to the ribbon plane during the melt-spinning process.     

A texture formation mechanism during electrodeposition

The texture of electrodeposited iron foil has been measured. It was observed that the deposited iron foil had a {110} uvw type texture. If a sufficiently strong magnetic field was applied along the deposited layer during the deposition process, a {110} 001 texture developed from the initial {110} uvw texture, with the 001 axis parallel to the direction of the applied field. An attempt has been made to explain the mechanism of texture development, as well as the effect of the magnetic field during the deposition process.     

Effects of hydrolytic retardants on the texture of lyotropic liquid crystal phases

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC), as adjustable structural templates, are useful tools for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, a series of LLC templates have been prepared at very low surfactant concentrations (down to 0.00663–11.0 wt %). The LLC phases have been identified using a stereomicroscope. LLC appears sphere or vesicle shape when the hydrochloric acid is present in the system. In contrast, LLC appears lamellar or rod-like when ethanol is present in the system. The origin of the different geometries or shapes of the LLC phase has been qualitatively clarified using the molecular packing parameter of the surfactant.     

On the crystal texture of linear polyaryls (PEEK,PEK and PPS)

Three linear ppolyaryls, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polyetherketone (PEK) and polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) have been examined regarding crystal morphologies as obtained from solutions and molecular orientation in melt grown spherulites, the latter involving also experiments on the carbon fibre containing polymer. In addition to the individual features observed in solution grown crystals agreeing with those being reported concurrently from elsewhere, the present coordinated results on three polymers underline the common crystallization behaviour and texture for this family of polymers. These common features comprise the existence of lamellae as symptomatic of chain folding, acicular shapes indicative of uniaxial growth (b being the growth direction in all three cases), and irregular crystal edges. The sheaf development of these crystals then leads readily to a postulated radiolb-axis orientation in spherulites, confirmed directly in melt crystallized samples possessing transcrystalline textures induced by nucleating carbon fibres. Observations on the effect of carbon fibres drew our attention to the combined influence of the crystal nucleating effect and separation distance of these fibres on the resulting crystal texture of the polymer matrix: varying the relative magnitude of the two effects, can even reverse the overall crystal orientation in the sample. Such considerations should be pertinent to crystal texture development in composites with crystaallizable thermoplastic matrices in general.     

The effect of substrate surface nature on texture formation in nickel oxide

X-ray diffraction was used to study the influence of surface finishing on polycrystalline nickel and its modification with ultra-fine dispersions of CeO2 on crystallographic texture development in NiO scales, grown at 1073 K in 760 torr oxygen for time periods up to75 h. Ni substrate characterized by 100 023 texture and surface with an atomic structure revealed by chemical polishing led to the formation of NiO with 100 013 texture, indicating an epitaxial growth.After applying CeO2 on the Ni surface prior to the oxidation, no essential changes in NiO texture were detected. When the Ni surface was deformed by mechanical polishing, NiO exhibited a fibre texture with a major component of 110 oriented along the growth direction. The presence of CeO2 on this substrate changed the dominant fibre axis to 100. The texture data are discussed in terms of the oxide microstructures and their growth kinetics. In particular, for CeO2-modified NiO scales with complex depth structure, the possible contribution of individual sublayers to the overall measured texture is estimated.     

Numerical methods for the quantification of the mechanical properties of crystal aggregateswith morphologic and crystallographic texture

The influence of an anisotropic distribution of crystal orientations and an anisotropic average grain shape is analysed using finite element simulations. By the numerical approach, which is based on a statistical volume element with periodic microstructure and periodic boundary conditions, the influence of the crystallographic and the morphologic texture can be separated by combining (an)isotropic orientation distributions with (an)isotropic grain morphologies.     

Mapping of the atomic lattice orientation of a graphite flake using macroscopic liquid crystal texture

The electronic properties of graphene depend critically on its lattice orientation and edge type. However, it is very difficult to identify them, and they are accessible only using sophisticated tools. In this paper, we show an easy and reliable way to reveal the lattice orientation and edge type of graphene and graphite flakes, i.e.?multi-layered graphene. Nematic liquid crystals have the potential to align themselves into three symmetric and equivalent orientations on crystalline graphite. The director of macroscopic texture due to the elasticity indicates the lattice orientation of the top graphite layer. By analyzing the director orientation using a polarizing optical microscope, we were able to show the lattice orientation, chiral angle and edge type of graphene and graphite flakes on the macroscopic scale. As liquid crystals are soft and easily removable, our technique has little chance of influencing the following processes for graphene manipulation.