Effects of mineral nitrogen andBradyrhizobium inoculation on growth and iron nutrition of groundnut

Experiments were conducted in a glasshouse to determine the effects of the mineral N supplied as ammonium nitrate andBradyrhizobium inoculation on the growth and iron nutrition of nodulating and non-nodulating groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines. In a sterilized sand-vermiculite medium supplied with N-free nutrient solution (pH 7.0), inoculation of nodulating groundnut withBradyrhizobium strain NC 43.3 enhanced dry matter production and O-phenanthroline extractable iron and N contents of the plants. The supply of mineral N at a rate of 100 mg N L^–1 (as NH₄NO₃) through deionized water (pH 8.5) induced iron chlorosis symptoms in the nodulating groundnuts grown in Vertisols, but these symptoms were not observed at higher N levels (200–400 mg N L^–1). The induced chlorosis was only partially corrected by inoculation withBradyrhizobium strains NC 92 and NC 43.3. The iron deficiency chlorosis was, however, corrected by application of higher rates of ammonium nitrate.Submitted as JA No. 942 of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)     

基于点击反应的单宁衍生物的合成及其性能

植物单宁与溴丙炔反应制备的炔化单宁与对十二烷基苯磺酰叠氮通过点击反应合成单宁衍生物。采用红外光谱仪和元素分析仪对单宁衍生物的结构进行表征,并研究其表面张力、抗氧化能力以及对细菌的抑制作用等性能。结果表明,在单宁分子的结构中引入长链烷基后,改善其亲脂性,制备出的单宁衍生物能显著降低水溶液的表面张力,当单宁衍生物质量浓度为0.8mg/mL时,可降低水溶液的表面张力至28.94mN/m;单宁衍生物对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼基自由基具有较强的清除能力,当单宁衍生物质量浓度为0.25mg/mL时,对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼基自由基的最大清除率可达97.08%;由于单宁脂溶性的增加及具有抗菌性能的三氮唑基团的引入,单宁衍生物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显增强。     

微量元素水溶肥料在小麦上的应用效果研究

探讨微量元素水溶肥料在小麦上的应用效果。喷施由合肥工业大学研制、安徽金地肥业有限公司生产的含大中量元素的微量元素水溶肥料,小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量均高于常规和清水对照,小麦667 m2产量达320.6 kg,比常规和清水对照,分别增产18.8%、15.5%。     

我国中微量元素肥料产业发展现状

根据国家化肥质量监督检验中心(北京)肥料登记信息,我国以中微量元素肥料为主要成分的登记产品已经达到1 352个,共有969家企业生产中微量元素肥料,产地主要在山东等地。目前产品类型以微量元素水溶肥为主,占中微量元素肥料产品总数的92%,并且呈现快速发展趋势。微量元素水溶肥产品98%是复合型,以Zn、Mn、B等组合为主。全国中微量元素肥料涉及到的作物已经达到59种之多,基本覆盖了我国主要作物种类。     

The composition of size-fractionated pulverised coal and the trace element associations

Major and trace element analyses have been performed on size fractions of a pulverised coal from Eggborough Power Station (UK). Minerals are concentrated in the fractions less than 10 μm in size and there is relative enrichment of pyrite in the fractions greater than 50 μm. Because of the compositional variation with size it is possible to proportion statistically the elements between, in this case, organic matter, silicates and pyrite. Germanium, Br and V are dominantly organic associated and Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb are also present in the organic matter, although concentrations are lower than in other fractions of the coal. These elements are either in the organic structures or contained within pore fluids. Chromium, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Th and U are dominantly associated with the silicate fraction, as are V, Ni and Zn, but other coal fractions contribute more to the total coal composition. Concentrated in pyrite are Mo, Se, As, Pb, Sb, and to a lesser extent Ni, Cu and Zn in that these elements are sufficiently concentrated in other fractions that pyrite is not the major location in the coal. Validation for the method is achieved by summing element concentrations in the three fractions and comparing with the bulk composition. Previous calculations on a related coal have been extended and close agreement observed for the composition of the three fractions. The calculated values for the fractions apply specifically to one coalfield, although some of the values may have more general application.     

磷石膏中可溶性磷对硅酸盐水泥性能的影响

本文通过向磷石膏中外掺可溶性磷,研究了可溶性磷含量对硅酸盐水泥与外加剂相容性及其强度的影响。研究结果表明,磷石膏中可溶性磷的含量影响着水泥与外加剂的相容性,外掺H₃PO₄、H₂PO₄^-、HPO₄^2-时,随其掺量的增加,硅酸盐水泥与外加剂的相容性逐渐变差。相对于天然石膏而言,磷石膏中可溶性磷的含量仅引起硅酸盐水泥早期强度有所降低。     

水泥熟料矿物组成及矿物形态对水泥强度的影响

采用化学萃取法检测了各熟料中的矿物实际含量,采用反光显微镜岩相分析法分析了各熟料的矿物形态,分析了熟料矿物组成及矿物形态对水泥强度的影响。结果表明,熟料C3S含量与水泥早期强度有较好的相关性;C3S＋C2S含量决定了水泥后期抗压强度;但C3S＋C2S及C3S含量与水泥后期抗折强度相关性不好;水泥强度也与熟料矿物形态相关。     

钾盐镀锌溶液中铁杂质的影响及消除

详细介绍了钾盐镀锌溶液中铁杂质对镀锌的有害影响。分析了铁杂质的来源并提出了几种去除铁杂质的方法。     

Effects of Zinc Phytate on Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation Behaviors of Intumescent Flame-retardant Polypropylene

In this paper, zinc phytate was prepared and used as a synergist in intumescent flame-retarded polypropylene composites. The results showed that the polypropylene composites with 17?wt% intumescent flame retardant and 2?wt% zinc phytate have a limiting oxygen index 29.2 and achieve the UL-94?V-0 rating. Moreover, the peak heat release rate of the polypropylene composites decreases from 374 to 275?kW/m². Real-time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the zinc phytate delays the emission of carbon dioxide indicating that zinc phytate slows the degradation of polypropylene which regulates the suitability of intumescent flame-retardant system in polypropylene.     

机械共活化对磷钾矿晶体结构及其活性的影响

本文研究了采用雷蒙磨共活化磷钾矿的工艺.X射线衍射结果表明,随着机械活化次数和转速的增加,氟磷灰石Ca5(PO4)3F和硅酸铝钾(KAlSi3O8)的特征峰衍射强度明显降低;粒径在高转速下减小明显,当减小到一定值后,不随着转速和活化次数的增加而继续减小;当转速为1000 r/min,活化第8次时,有效磷浸出率达最大值;转速为1400 r/min,活化第10次时,水溶性钾浸出率达最大值.     

Effect of different sources of iron and sulphur on leaf chlorosis,nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut

The pot experiment conducted in calcareous soil of Saurashtra, India showed that application of lime (20% CaCO₃) and excess water (irrigation at –0.3 bar) to the soil enhanced chlorosis in groundnut leaves caused by induced deficiencies of iron, sulphur and zinc, which was recovered by applying agricultural grade chemicals containing iron, sulphur and zinc. This chlorosis caused 29.8 and 19.1% reduction in pod yield of groundnut due to lime and excess water, respectively in the untreated control pot and 17.1 and 9.6%, respectively in the pot treated with different chemicals.Application of iron sulphate, zinc sulphate, iron pyrite, gypsum, phospho-gypsum, elemental sulphur, wettable sulphur and Fe-EDTA decreased chlorosis and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of leaves, uptake of Fe, S and Zn and pod yield of groundnut significantly. The foliar spray of 0.5% aqueous solution of iron sulphate, zinc sulphate and Fe-EDTA at 20, 35, 50 and 65 days after emergence (DAE) was more effective than their soil applications. The Fe-EDTA corrected only iron chlorosis, and gypsum, phosphogypsum and elemental sulphur only sulphur chlorosis. However, iron sulphate and iron pyrite corrected iron and sulphur and zinc sulphate corrected zinc and sulphur chlorosis. Among the soil amendments, application of iron sulphate and iron pyrite showed better responses to groundnut and showed higher Fe and S uptake than other treatments. The responses of gypsum, phosphogypsum and elemental sulphur were at par. The correlation study showed that pod yield of groundnut was negatively correlated with chlorosis and positively correlated with the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in groundnut leaves.     

Mineral and trace element composition of the Lokpanta oil shales in the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria

The concentrations of minerals and trace elements in the Lokpanta oil shale from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. X-ray diffraction data were evaluated using the SIROQUANT™ interactive data processing system based on Rietveld interpretation methods. A new method of trace element determination in oil shale, involving LA-ICP-MS analysis of glass beads prepared by fusing oil shale ash on an iridium strip heater was used, and the accuracy of the method was assessed by including a standard shale reference material (SGR-1b) in the analysis program.The minerals in the raw oil shales are mainly quartz, calcite and clay minerals, with the latter being represented by kaolinite and interstratified illite/smectite. Ashes of the oil shale samples prepared at 815 °C have quartz and (in some cases) illite as the dominant mineral phases, along with a significant proportion of amorphous materials. The Lokpanta oil shales are highly enriched in some potentially hazardous trace elements, including V, Cr and Ni, when compared with oil shales from other deposits around the world. The results obtained for the trace elements in the reference material show that the LA-ICP-MS method described in this study is very accurate and precise for the determination of a wide range of trace elements in oil shales.     

矿物组成对阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥与减水剂适应性的影响

测试了在掺高效减水剂的情况下不同矿物组成的阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥浆体的流动度及流动度经时损失。结果表明：不同矿物组成的阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥对高效减水剂的适应性有明显差异,C3S含量较高的水泥与减水剂的适应性较好,而熟料中C4A3S含量提高,其水泥与减水剂的适应性变差;在不同矿物组成的阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥中掺加所选择的三种高效减水剂,其水泥浆体的流动度和流动度经时损失均表现出相同的变化趋势,但作用效果有较明显差异,聚羧酸盐减水剂作用效果最好,氨基磺酸盐减水剂次之,萘磺酸盐减水剂效果较差。     

Effect of K on nitrogen fixation of intercrop groundnut and the competition between intercrop groundnut and maize

Application of adequate level of K has shown to improve the competitive ability of the legume in legume/grass mixtures. However, the effect of K on the competitive ability of grain legumes in legume/cereal intercropping systems has not been adequately studied. Hence, studies were made to ascertain if the effects of K could be exploited in improving the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. No. 45 when intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) cv. Badra. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka in 1988 in basins filled with 36 kg of soil. It involved establishing maize and groundnut as monocrops and as intercrops at three K levels viz. 0, 20 and 40 mg of K kg^–1 of soil. Monocrop maize and groundnut had 2 and 5 plants/basin, respectively while the intercrop had 1 maize plant and 3 groundnut plants/basin. The soil used was Red Yellow Podzolic which was tagged by incorporating¹⁵N-labelled plant material. When grown as a monocrop, K had no effect on the percent N derived from atmosphere, amount of N₂ fixed, dry matter production, pod yield and total N content of groundnut. However, when intercropped with maize lack of K application affected the above parameters significantly which was overcome by improving K level. Thus, the optimum level of K for groundnut was greater when intercropped than monocropped. A significant interaction between K level and cropping system was evident with regard to N₂ fixation, pod yield and total dry matter production of groundnut. Intercrop maize derived 30–35% of its N content from the associated groundnut plants which amounted to 13–22 mg N/plant. The amount of N supplied by groundnut to associated maize plant was not affected by K level. It appears that there is scope for alleviating growth depression of the legume component in legume/cereal intercropping systems by developing appropriate K fertilizer practices.     

钢铁工业含锌含氰废水的化学预处理研究

采用氧化法、沉淀法去除钢铁工业含锌含氰废水中的氰化物和锌离子。由实验得出优化工艺条件:pH为9～10,温度为25℃,有效氯质量浓度为250 mg/L,搅拌反应时间为30 min。工业应用考察结果表明,污水混合池外排出水的总氰化物平均为4.42 mg/L,锌离子平均为14.71 mg/L,能达到湘潭钢铁集团有限公司内部工业循环用水的标准要求(Q/OHAB 801.1—2009)(总氰化物≤10 mg/L,锌离子≤30 mg/L)。     

中微量元素肥料的生产与应用研究进展

阐述微量元素肥料在农业生产中的重要作用,分析我国中微量元素生产和应用的现状及发展前景.概述中微量元素生产的原料来源及工艺技术.对发展我国中微量元素肥料的生产和应用提出了建议.     

第二改性物对ZnHZSM-5催化正戊烷芳构化反应的影响

研究了ZnHZSM－5上引入第二政性物对正戊烷芳构化反应性能及催化剂稳定性的影响，发现作为第二改性物，CU、Al、P物种对催化剂的反应性能和稳定性的促进作用不同，CU物种主要增加ZnHZSM－5的脱氧作用，而Al和P物种的作用则是调变其酸性质。结合NH3－TPD谱和结焦率的研究，探讨了改性物之间以及改性物与HZSM-5间的相互作用。     

β石膏相组成和杂质含量对其性能的影响

为更好地利用磷石膏资源,发挥磷石膏的最大价值,以磷建筑石膏粉为原料,通过化学成分计算,合理调配其中的二水石膏、硬石膏和半水石膏含量,引入可溶性五氧化二磷、氟化钠、氯化钠来调整其中的水溶性五氧化二磷、水溶性氟离子和氯离子含量,通过对凝结时间和力学性能的测试来研究相组成和杂质含量对其性能的影响。结果表明：二水石膏质量分数低于3%时会加速建筑石膏的水化反应、增强其早期强度,半水石膏质量分数在77%左右时建筑石膏的力学性能较好,无水石膏质量分数超过15%时建筑石膏的力学性能下降较大;当利用磷石膏制备建筑石膏粉时,水溶性五氧化二磷质量分数宜控制在0.2%以下,水溶性氟离子质量分数宜控制在0.3%以下,氯离子质量分数宜控制在0.04%以下。从相组成和杂质控制的角度,该研究为磷石膏的资源化利用提供了借鉴和参考,有助于提升中国磷石膏的利用水平。     

Effect of fertilizers,irrigation and plant density on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)

Experiments were conducted on sandy clay loam soils of Tirupati Campus of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University for two summer seasons of 1979 and 1980 to study the effect of fertilizers, irrigation and plant density on Spanish groundnut. Three fertilizer schedules (30 kg N, 20 kg P, 50 kg K; 60 kg N, 40 kg P, 10 kg K and 90 kg N, 60 kg P, 150 kg K ha^?1), three schedules of irrigation (irrigation at 25, 50 and 75% depletion of available soil moisture) and three plant densitites (1,000,000; 666,000; and 444,000 plants per ha) were tested in 3³ factorial confounded design with two replications. Groundnut responded to 60 kg N, 40 kg P and 10 kg K ha^?1 due to delayed sowings in 1979. However, response to fertilisers was marginal in 1980, when the sowings were done in optimum time. Pod yield tended to be maximum when irrigations were scheduled at 25% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) in 1979 and at 50% DASM in 1980. Plant density of 444,000 plants per ha was optimum in both the years. Interaction of fertilizers and plant density, fertilizers and irrigation and plant density and irrigation increased the pod yield of groundnut, only when the sowings were delayed.