黄花菜组合干燥法工艺条件研究

研究了组合干燥法在黄花菜干制过程中的应用。先采用远红外杀青,然后再进行微波干燥。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了最佳的组合干燥条件为:远红外杀青温度90℃,远红外杀青时间50 min,远红外杀青功率450 W,微波干燥功率200 W,微波干燥时间25 min,进样量300 g/m2。采用上述工艺参数干燥后的黄花菜感官质量好,蛋白质保留率为87.3%。     

黄花菜的热泵干燥工艺研究

为改进干制黄花菜传统生产方法并实现工业化生产,采用热泵干燥法对黄花菜进行干制研究,结果表明,新鲜黄花菜经过95℃蒸汽热烫60s,在干燥温度为70℃、干燥时间7h、装料量为5.0kg/m2、热泵空气湿度为40%时,所生产出来的干制黄花菜含水量为9.53%,其感官品质良好,呈金黄色,条身紧凑,长短基本一致,无虫蛀和霉变,有黄花菜固有的香味,无异味,能长期保存。      

微波和热风联合干燥薄层黄花菜的方法研究

在薄层黄花菜干制工艺中,选择的干制方法直接影响物料干燥时间的长短和产品质量的好坏.为了确定干燥薄层黄花菜的最佳干制方法,以湖南黄花菜的主栽品种鲜猛子花为材料,用热风干燥箱将受试材料在60、70、80、90℃及100℃等干燥温度条件下和用微波炉在高、中及低功率条件下进行干燥试验.结果表明热风干燥温度小于80℃时,干燥时间长(3.5～4h),生产效率低,但产品质量好;干燥温度大于90℃时,干燥时间短(1.5～2h),生产效率高,但产品质量差,因而薄层黄花菜的最佳干燥温度为90℃;与热风干燥相比,无论哪种微波功率干燥时间都较短,但产品质量差;先微波干燥再热风干燥可显著缩短干燥时间,但产品质量不好,先热风干燥再微波干燥不但明显地缩短干燥时间,而且可保证产品质量.同时建立了黄花菜薄层干燥的数学模型MR=(r=e-4.3154+0.05631T,n= 0.5228+ 0.01007T), 可较好地描述干燥过程中物料含水率与干燥时间的关系.     

再造型复合果蔬脆片配方及干燥工艺研究

以南瓜、胡萝卜、梨为主要原料,研制适合儿童食用的再造型复合果蔬营养脆片。采用单因素试验、全面试验及正交试验对脆片配方、工艺进行优化,结果表明:南瓜浆、胡萝卜浆、梨浆最佳质量比为3∶3∶2,以100 g复合果蔬浆为基准,辅料最佳用量为面粉75 g,黄油13 g,白砂糖12 g,食盐1.0 g。对比微波干燥、远红外干燥、远红外-微波联合干燥3种工艺,认为远红外干燥最好,最佳工艺条件为上火温度170℃,下火温度130℃,时间15 min。该条件下制得的复合果蔬脆片具有良好的感官品质。     

微波真空组合干燥法制备脱水板栗片的研究

为缩短板栗脱水时间,提高产品质量,对新鲜板栗仁进行了微波和真空组合干燥试验。结果表明:先用微波高火干燥2min,再在80℃、0.076MPa条件下真空干燥45min,即可使产品含水量低于10%。微波真空复合干燥可以大大缩短干燥时间,而且产品质构疏松、色泽金黄。     

甘蓝的新型组合干燥工艺

为了克服单一干燥造成的品质缺陷,提出了一种新型的组合干燥方式,以改善产品的外观品质和复水特性。以甘蓝为研究对象,主要探讨了组合干燥过程中热风温度、干燥转换点的物料含水率、微波强度、渗透处理对干燥特性的影响;并以成品色泽、复水比、Vc保留率为指标,对不同干燥方式获得的产品性能进行了比较。研究获得的组合干燥工艺参数为:70℃热风干燥至物料含水率60%,2.5 W/g微波强度下干燥至40%含水率,25℃下以2.8 g/mL料液比向半干产品中加入28%葡萄糖和15%NaCl混合渗透液处理15 min,最后70℃二次热风干燥至成品。产品的水分活度为0.466,含水量为16.34%,复水比为8.71,Vc保留率为31.05%。结果显示,组合干燥方式干燥速率快,能耗低,产品含有高水分含量、低水分活度,产品品质与真空冷冻干燥的产品相近,是一种工业化生产果蔬干制品的新方法。     

莲藕脆片组合干燥工艺研究

为获得较优的莲藕脆片加工工艺,以莲藕为原料,探讨真空冷冻—热风组合干燥条件下,真空冷冻干燥时间、热风干燥温度、热风干燥时间三因素对组合干燥莲藕脆片品质的影响。结果表明,莲藕片组合干燥的最佳工艺参数为:真空冷冻干燥4h,50℃热风干燥2h。该条件制得的莲藕片,色差L*=77.65,a*=0.96,b*=9.03,硬度为385.3g。较热风干燥而言,真空冷冻—热风组合干燥可有效提高其品质。     

黄花菜杀青干制特性研究

黄花菜采摘后需要进行杀青和干制处理,以促使秋水仙碱分解,延长其保存时间,不同杀青方式所需加工时长和制成黄花菜干菜品质不同。比较了不同杀青方式（蒸制杀青、日光闷晒杀青）、不同干制方式（热风干制、自然晾晒干制、热风+红外干制）对黄花菜品质的影响,以最终制得黄花菜干的效果为评价指标。结果表明,黄花菜杀青适合用日光闷晒杀青方式,杀青时间一般在120 min～400 min左右。,杀青温度以50℃～55℃之间为宜;黄花菜干制适合用热风干制方式,干制时间一般在2 h,干制温度以40℃～45℃之间为宜。     

微波与热风组合干燥对板栗干燥特性的影响

为得到较好的爆壳脱衣效果、延长贮存时间,对板栗进行微波与热风组合干燥。本试验分析了微波干燥功率对板栗爆壳脱衣效果和熟化程度的影响以及热风干燥温度对板栗熟化程度和保存情况的影响。并得出了板栗的微波与热风组合干燥的优化参数。     

方便米饭的新型组合干燥工艺

提出了一种将热风干燥、微波干燥、渗透处理相结合的新型干燥方法。以蒸煮后的东北粳米为研究对象,以成品色泽、质构、复水性能为指标,对不同干燥方式获得的产品性能进行了比较。经研究确定了最佳组合干燥工艺参数:90℃一次热风干燥80 min至物料水分含量40%,2.5 W/g微波强度下干燥10 min至水分含量20%;常温下以料液比3∶2向半干米饭中加入28%葡萄糖+15%食盐的组合渗透液,搅拌混匀10 min,静置30min,最后以90℃二次热风干燥20 min得到水分含量15%²0%、Aw 0.6左右的产品。结果显示,组合干燥方式生产周期短、能耗低,产品含有中等水分含量、低水分活度,可真空包装贮藏,复水后与新鲜米饭品质相近,是一种工业化生产方便米饭的新途径。     

霸王花(火龙果花)干制工艺的研究

主要研究了霸王花的干制工艺。研究了预处理对产品品质的影响，对不同温度条件下的热风干燥和微波干燥效果进行了比较，得到了较为合理的干制工艺条件：原料用100qC水蒸气处理0．5min；采用变温干燥方式：60℃（0．5h）-70℃（1．0h）-55℃（0-2．0h）或者微波干燥方式：装载量0．25Kg，微波强度700W，时间11．6min，可以获得复水性好、Vc保存率高、感官品质优良的霸王花干制品。     

我国罐头食品的发展

罐头食品是食品工业的一部分,罐藏食品是食品保藏的重要方法之一.综述罐头食品的发展和现状,分析国内、国际市场和优势,提出罐头食品发展的对策.     

MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SHEEP CARCASSES DURING THE SLAUGHTERING PROCESS

This study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of sheep carcasses during different stages in the slaughtering process. A total of eleven carcasses were selected at random in an abattoir. The samples were taken by excision from four different sites; leg, brisket, shoulder and neck. The samples were collected from the same carcasses at four different stages in the slaughtering process; after dressing, after evisceration, after washing and chilling. The aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae recovered from each sample were enumerated. Chilling reduced the aerobic mesophilic and coliform counts of carcasses, significantly. Levels of carcass microbial load after chilling were 1.69, 0.11 and 0.11 log cfu/cm² for aerobic mesophilic counts, coliform counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts, respectively. According to data obtained in the present study, chilling of carcasses was the most important step in improving the hygienic quality of carcasses. Processing stages changed significantly both aerobic mesophilic and coliform counts of neck, therefore, among different sites of carcass, neck should be the only critical site for microbiological sampling for sheep carcasses.     

豆渣酸水解工艺条件的研究

采用酸水解法水解豆渣,研究水解温度、水解时间、HCl溶液添加量与原料比值(mL/g)3个因素对豆渣水解率的影响,并确立了豆渣酸水解的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,水解温度90℃,水解时间5 h,HCl溶液添加量与原料比值(mL/g)2.75:1为最佳水解条件,在此条件下豆渣的水解率为58.02%.     

Foam-mat drying technology: A review

This article reviews various aspects of foam-mat drying such as foam-mat drying processing technique, main additives used for foam-mat drying, foam-mat drying of liquid and solid foods, quality characteristics of foam-mat dried foods, and economic and technical benefits for employing foam-mat drying. Foam-mat drying process is an alternative method that allows the removal of water from liquid materials and pureed materials. In this drying process, a liquid material is converted into foam that is stable by being whipped after adding an edible foaming agent. The stable foam is then spread out in sheet or mat and dried by using hot air (40–90°C) at atmospheric pressure. Methyl cellulose (0.25–2%), egg white (3–20%), maltodextrin (0.5–05%), and gum Arabic (2–9%) are the commonly utilized additives for the foam-mat drying process at the given range, either combined together for their effectiveness or individual effect. The foam-mat drying process is suitable for heat sensitive, viscous, and sticky products that cannot be dried using other forms of drying methods such as spray drying because of the state of product. More interest has developed for foam-mat drying because of the simplicity, cost effectiveness, high speed drying, and improved product quality it provides.     

灵芝液体发酵条件优化研究

对灵芝液体发酵温度、发酵时间和灵芝液体发酵培养基的氮源、碳源及其最适浓度、初始pH等发酵条件进行了研究，结果表明，灵芝液体最适发酵条件为：氮、碳源分别为蛋白胨、葡萄糖，碳源浓度为3％，培养基初始pH为6．5，发酵温度为28℃，发酵时间为5d。     

菊花干燥技术研究进展

新鲜菊花含水量高达80%以上,极难保存,所以需要尽快干燥以脱除水分。近年来国内外研究人员针对菊花的干燥技术展开大量研究工作,本文综述了菊花传统干燥技术、现代干燥技术以及微波联合干燥技术的研究进展,为菊花干燥技术的选取和应用提供更多的参考。     

脱水竹笋的等温吸湿特性研究

应用静态称重技术测定了脱水竹笋的吸附平衡含水率，并获得相应的吸附等温线，从而对其吸附规律进行了探讨，为其贮藏和包装提供指导。     

ROLE OF WORT AERATION IN THE BREWING PROCESS PART 2: THE OPTIMAL AERATION CONDITIONS FOR THE BREWING PROCESS

Fermenting and growing activities of early yeast (yeast at the early stage of fermentation) were elevated by wort aeration, reaching their maximal level after 5 h of aeration. The lipid content of early yeast was also elevated by wort aeration, and reached a maximal level after 9 h of aeration. While certain amounts of lipid are necessary for the budding of yeast, the excess amounts of lipid synthesised between 5–9 h of aeration were not sufficient for one further budding, and so accumulated in the final yeast. It is better to set the optimal aeration conditions on the lipid content of early yeast, rather than the amount of wort aeration.