限矩型液力偶合器内部两相流动数值模拟

限矩型液力偶合器内部存在着复杂的气液两相流动,为掌握限矩型液力偶合器内部流场分布及转矩特性变化,分别采用VOF(Volume of fluid)与Mixture两相流模型对偶合器内部流场进行模拟计算,并对其转矩特性进行监测。通过VOF模型获得的偶合器内部气液两相分布情况和通过Mixture模型得到的其内部压力速度分布图能够较好地反映偶合器内部流场变化情况。仿真结果表明：VOF模型能够较好地模拟出偶合器因流态转变而造成的转矩跌落情况,Mixture模型不能模拟出该效果,但在高、低转速比工况下模拟的转矩值仍具有一定参考意义。     

基于CFD技术的调速型液力偶合器两相流分析方法研究

调速型液力偶合器广泛应用于重型刮板输送机的软启动,当处于部分充液状态时,工作腔内流体为复杂的气-液两相环流运动。为了对调速型液力偶合器内流场两相流分布特性进行分析,应用计算流体动力学软件CFX,对单流道流场采用混合出、入口及边界循环条件,分别基于CFX软件中的均一化和非均一化两相流动假设对20%,50%,80%充液率时的工况进行了内流场数值模拟,获得了2种两相流动假设下不同充液率及不同速比下的转矩传递特性曲线,并重点分析了采用非均一化两相流模型时的体积率的分布特性。CFD分析结果很好地实现了对工作腔内气-液两相环流在不同工况下的分布特性与转矩传递特性的预测,为调速型液力偶合器的选型与设计提供了可靠的数值计算方法与理论依据。     

限矩型液力偶合器气液两相环流特性仿真

为了研究限矩型液力偶合器内部气液两相分布规律和转矩特性,以YOX500型限矩型液力偶合器为分析模型,采用流体体积法VOF(Volume of fluid)两相流模型,Realizable k-ε湍流模型和压力隐式算子分裂（Pressure-implicit with splitting of operators, PISO）压力耦合算法对不同充液率、不同工况下的偶合器内部流场进行瞬态模拟。结果表明：随着转速比的降低,偶合器内部环流逐渐由小环流变为大环流,80%充液率的条件下,泵轮叶片吸力面与压力面上的气液两相分布与试验结果基本一致,证明了该方法的有效性。在高转速比时,转矩特性与试验一致,低转速比时误差较大,该方法不再适用。     

液力偶合器额定工况流场数值计算

基于三维多相流动理论和计算流体动力学（CFD）,采用滑动网格理论对调速型液力偶合器在额定工况气液两相瞬态流动进行数值计算,得到不同充液率下流场的速度与压力分布,并对其进行详细分析,数值计算的结果基本反映了流道内部流动的基本规律与特征,有助于指导液力偶合器的设计,提高偶合器的性能。     

调速型液力偶合器制动工况流场分析

基于三维多相流动理论和计算流体动力学(CFD),对调速型液力偶合器制动工况下的非稳态两相流动进行数值模拟。结果表明:泵轮流道的压力分布较规律,沿径向成比例逐渐增大,而涡轮流道的内部流动则较复杂;涡轮吸力面出现了小范围的不规则流动现象;中间轴面的速度分布较复杂,涡轮速度小于泵轮速度;Interface中部的低速区出现降低偶合器效率的二次流。对调速型液力偶合器制动工况进行流场分析,揭示其泵轮和涡轮的流场流动规律和特性,有助于指导液力偶合器的设计,提高偶合器的性能。     

静动液辅助制动系统恒转矩制动策略研究

对履带车辆液力辅助制动系统的恒转矩制动策略进行了研究。结合实验与理论分析的结果,得到了液压制动与液力制动工况下偶合器充液量、液压泵排量的变化对车辆制动力的影响规律,吸取了液压制动与液力制动的优点,针对液力-液压制动工况建立了恒转矩制动策略。通过对偶合器充液量、液压泵排量的自动调节,实现了车辆的恒转矩制动。最后对采用恒转矩制动策略前后的能量回收率与制动距离进行了对比,验证了该策略的效能。     

调速型液力偶合器两相环流特性预测

随着机械设备不断向重载、大功率方向发展,对于传动装置的性能也有了更高的要求,调速型液力偶合器作为一种重要的传动设备广泛应用于刮板输送机及其他重型机械的软启动中。为了准确预测矿用调速型液力偶合器的流场分布特性及转矩传递特性,应用计算流体动力学软件CFX,利用混合出入口及边界循环条件,在部分充液工况下利用了非均一化两相流动模型,针对某型矿用调速型液力偶合器进行了单流道流场数值模拟。对10%至100%流道充液率及对应不同充液率下0至0.99速比时的内流场进行了CFD数值模拟分析,获取了不同工况下气-液两相环流特性及转矩传递特性曲线,结合流场分布特性分析了输出转矩的趋势变化特点。分析结果合理的预测了调速型液力偶合器的转矩传递特性,流场环流特性的预测解释了流场转矩变化的原因,为调速型液力偶合器的选型与设计提供了可靠的理论依据。     

限矩型液力偶合器多流动域耦合流场特性模拟

限矩型液力偶合器内部两相介质在多流动域内做着复杂的耦合流动。为掌握限矩型液力偶合器内部流动规律,更好地指导限矩型液力偶合器的设计与优化,以YOX500型限矩型液力偶合器为研究对象,采用Mixture两相流模型及RNG k-ε湍流模型对其在3种典型充液率不同工况下的流场进行瞬态模拟。结果表明:随着转速比的升高,偶合器内部流动逐渐由大环流转变为小环流,压力趋于均匀带状分布;同时对其外特性进行计算,模拟所得结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明了该方法的有效性;但该方法不能直观地体现偶合器转矩的跌落情况,因此具有一定的局限性。     

液力偶合器气液界面追踪数值模拟

部分充液下液力偶合器内部介质运动为离心力场作用下的复杂两相流动,而液相分布形态对涡轮输出特性有着直接影响。为掌握偶合器内液相分布规律,将工作腔内介质运动视为分层流动,采用流体体积法(Volume of fluid,VOF)两相流模型,追踪562型标准桃形腔偶合器内不同工况下的气—液分界面。建立三维周期性流道模型,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和压力隐式算子分裂(Pressure-implicit with splitting of operators,PISO)压力耦合算法,并用内部面模拟泵、涡轮间的交互作用,转速比i=1.0和i=0.6时的叶片表面液相分布与文献中试验结果具有高度相似性。仿真结果表明,随泵涡轮间转差增大,气液分界面倾斜加剧,直至形成大的环流,而泵轮叶片压力面液相分布区域增大,吸力面液相减小;低挡圈(R=155 mm)对环流形态影响较小,主要起到限矩作用,而高挡圈(R=175 mm)可抑制大环流的产生。     

阀控充液式液力偶合器换热特性研究

在液力偶合器的使用过程中,由于转差损失与液力损失,会使其工作水液的温度上升,进而影响液力偶合器的工作性能,为了解决这一问题,对阀控充液式液力偶合器的换热特性进行了研究。首先,构建了含有进出水口双腔流道的瞬态换热计算模型,并对其进行了网格无关性验证;然后,采用多步求解方式对正常运转工况、堵转工况及循环换水工况的流动换热进行了数值模拟计算;最后,对比分析了不同工况下的液力偶合器温度场分布特性,探讨了液力偶合器内流场的流动换热变化规律。研究结果表明：正常工况及堵转工况流场整体温度皆呈现明显的线性上升趋势;以240 L/min流量进行循环换水时,流场温度呈先快后慢的下降趋势,20 s内可将流场温度降至30℃左右。采用该研究结果,可以准确地预测液力偶合器内流场温度变化,可为液力偶合器优化、换水调控提供理论参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.