机械合金化过程中的金属相变

简述了机械合金化的工艺特点和应用,总结了机械合金化过程中的相变规律,着重分析了过饱和固溶体的形成机制及其在合金化过程中的相变过程。     

机械合金化制备Ni-Ti合金的概况及分析

综述了机械合金化制备Ni-Ti合金的机理、影响因素和晶化过程,可为机械合金化尤其是Ni-Ti合金化工艺参数的选择与优化提供参考.     

机械合金化金属间化合物Ni3Al研究现状

本文综述了用机械合金化法制备金属间化合物Ni3AI的研究现状和发展情况。介绍了Ni3AI的机械合金化过程和影响因素，以及Ni3AI机械合金化后粉体的成形烧结工艺及性能。展望了金属间化合物Ni3Al机械合金化的发展前景。     

机械合金化在Fe-Si合金制备中的应用

机械合金化是一种新的材料制备方法, 近年来在功能材料的制备中得到了广泛的应用. 该文简要回顾了机械合金化的发展历史, 阐述了机械合金化的原理及反应机制, 介绍了机械合金化技术在过饱和固溶体、非晶、纳米晶及金属间化合物等领域的应用状况. 指出机械合金化过程的热力学和动力学研究及合金相结构、性能与球磨工艺条件之间的规律是今后研究的重点, 后续处理工艺的改进是产品实现从实验室向工业应用转变的重要保证.     

氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金的机械合金化研究

本文对一种氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金的机械合金化工艺、过程及原理进行了研究。研究表明,用Cr-Ni-Al-Ti-Zr-B中间合金来代替现行的、采用多种中间合金的选配方案,可以同样获得机械合金化的效果,并能最终实现γ′沉淀相及Y_2O_3弥散相在同一合金中的均匀分布。机械合金化是在保护气氛下将各种原始粉末在高能球磨机中反复冷焊-破碎过程,以获得含有弥散质点的机械固溶体粉末。X光和扫描电镜分析表明,在“机械固溶体”中各种元素已基本合金化,同时也存在一定的微区成分偏离,但可以通过改进合金化工艺及热挤压和热处理来消除。本文也对影响机械合金化的因素进行了分析。     

机械合金化非晶的研究现状

机械合金化是一种制取非晶合金的新方法。本文就机械合金化非晶转变机制、非晶合金系统、非晶形成区的实验测定和机械球磨工艺对非晶化过程的影响等问题对机械合金化非晶的研究现状作一简单综述。     

制造无铅汽油用粉末冶金阀座环的新方法

本文报导了有关提高双层粉末冶金阀座环耐用度的研究成果。将直接浸铜工艺(DCI)和准机械合金化工艺(QMA)两者结合起来。直接浸铜工艺是在烧结过程中使铜浸渗到双层压坯的阀座一侧;准机械合金化工艺可降低高合金化过程中的生产成本。     

机械合金化制备纳米晶硬质合金粉的进展

综述了机械合金化制备纳米晶硬质合金粉的概况、原理和两种用该方法制备纳米晶硬质合金粉的方式。并分析了各工艺参数对机械合金化制备纳米晶硬质合金粉的影响。该技术工艺简单，可实现工业化生产，是一种很有应用前途的方法。     

金属间化合物的机械合金化制备

综述了机械合金化制备金属间化合物的研究进展，指出了机械合金化技术在金属问化合物制备方面的优势。简述了机械合金化形成金属问化合物的机理，重点介绍了平衡相金属间化合物、弥散强化金属问化合物、过饱和金属问化合物，非晶合金、纳米晶材料等几类机械合金化金属间化合物的制备与组织性能。并针对目前研究的不足以及该研究领域的发展方向提出了加强MA过程热力学和动力学的基础理论研究、改良MA工艺等建议．     

机械合金化制备纳米级超细晶材料

机械合金化是一种很有发展前景的固态合金化方法 ,已成功地应用于制备纳米级超细晶弥散强化材料、磁性材料、超导材料、纳米晶材料等。介绍了机械合金化技术制备纳米级超细晶材料的发展及其工艺过程以及采用该技术制备的纳米级超细晶材料的力学性能、磁性能和储氢性能。     

双层辉光离子渗Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu合金的工艺

在20钢基材上,利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术进行Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu多元共渗正交实验工艺研究.结果表明,工艺参数对渗层的元素总含量以及渗层的厚度有较大的影响,并确定了最佳工艺参数为源极电压1050V,工件电压250V,气压35Pa,极间距15mm.     

Mechanism of alloying element vaporization during laser welding

Vaporization of alloying elements is a serious problem in the laser welding of many important engineering alloys. Since the available mass transfer correlations are not applicable for credible assessment of the rates of transport of vaporized species in the gas phase, the role of gas phase mass transfer in the overall vaporization of alloying elements was examined by conducting several critical experiments. The rates of transport of alloying elements in the weld pool were determined from numerically computed fluid flow fields. Since the weld pool is surrounded by plasma during laser welding, the role of plasma in the vaporization of alloying elements was physically modeled by allowing molten copper drops to vaporize isothermally both in the presence and absence of plasma. The transport of alloying elements in both liquid and gas phases was found to be rapid and the overall vaporization rates were controlled by the plasma influenced intrinsic vaporization of alloying elements at the weld pool surface. The experimentally obtained rates of vaporization of alloying elements from laser melted stainless steel weld pools were compared with the corresponding theoretically calculated values.     

Formation of Titanium Boride in the Surface Layer of an Iron–Carbon Alloy Casting

The main stages of titanium boride formation in alloyed surface layers on iron–carbon alloy castings are considered. Surface alloying was performed by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in alloying compositions during lost-foam casting. Titanium and ferrotitanium are used in alloying compositions to ensure synthesis, which is initiated by the melt thermal energy during casting formation. The thermal effects of the main reactions of titanium boride formation in various alloying compositions are compared. The microstructure, the phase composition, and the hardness of the alloyed surface layers are studied.     

双层辉光离子Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb多元共渗

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在纯铁表面进行Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb多元共渗.结果表明:双层辉光离子Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb多元共渗可以在工业纯铁表面形成合金元素成分呈梯度分布镍基表面合金层.对双层辉光离子Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb多元共渗存在成分离析现象从合金元素的扩散原理探讨了其产生的机制.     

等离子合金化AlCoCrCuFe_xMnNi高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

在45#钢基体上采用等离子束合金化法制备AlCoCrCuFe_xMnNi高熵合金涂层。采用SEM,EDS,XRD等研究高熵合金涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度分布。结果表明:采用等离子束合金化Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn和Ni等摩尔单质金属粉,在等离子束作用下45#钢基材中的Fe元素参与表面合金化,形成了厚度约为1 mm的AlCoCrCuFe_xMnNi七主元高熵合金涂层,涂层主要由BCC结构的枝晶和FCC结构的枝晶间组织组成。另外,还有σ相主要分布在枝晶间,涂层从表面到基材,体系的混合熵呈高熵-中熵-低熵梯度变化。涂层的维氏显微硬度(HV0.2)达到670~400的梯度分布。     

Formation of PbTe intermetallic compound by mechanical alloying of elemental Pb and Te powders

The PbTe intermetallic compound could be fabricated by mechanical alloying of elemental Pb and Te powders for 2 minutes at ball-to-powder weight ratio of 2 : 1. The lattice parameter of PbTe processed by mechanical alloying, 0.6462 nm, was in excellent agreement with the value of 0.6458 nm which was reported for PbTe powder fabricated by melting and grinding. In situ observation of the abrupt temperature rise during the ball milling process indicated that the PbTe intermetallic compound was formed by a self-sustained reaction rather than by diffusional reactions. There was no tendency for PbTe crystalline powders to be amorphized by mechanical alloying.     

钢中稀土与铌、钒、钛等微合金元素的相互作用

介绍了钢中稀土与微合金化元素的相互作用,微合金化元素可以增大稀土在钢中的固溶量,稀土可以细化钢中微合金元素沉淀相,增强微合金化元素在钢中的作用。     

Nb—Ti微合金化汽车用钢QStE540～403TM的开发研究

基于对珠钢EAF—CSP流程Nb微合金化技术的系统研究，有效地解决了混晶问题，并利用Nb—Ti复合微合金化技术成功地开发了汽车用钢QStE340-460TM。分析结果表明，开发的含Nb—Ti钢带具有优异的韧性、冷成形性能和良好的焊接性能，完全满足汽车、半挂车用钢的要求。     

Mechanical alloying of brittle materials

Mechanical alloying by high energy ball milling has been observed in systems with nominally brittle components. The phases formed by mechanical alloying of brittle components include solid solutions (Si + Ge → SiGe solid solution), intermetallic compounds (Mn + Bi → MnBi), and amorphous alloys (NiZr₂ + Ni₁₁Zr₉ → amorphous Ni₅₀Zr₅₀). A key feature of possible mechanisms for mechanical alloying of brittle components is the temperature of the powders during milling. Experiments and a computer model of the kinetics of mechanical alloying were carried out in order to esti-mate the temperature effect. Temperature rises in typical powder alloys during milling in a SPEX mill were estimated to be ≤350 K using the kinetic parameters determined from the computer model. The tempering response of fresh martensite in an Fe-1.2 wt pct C alloy during milling was consistent with the maximum results of the computer model, yielding temperatures in the pow-ders of ≤575 Ki.e., ΔT ≤ 300 K). Thermal activation was required for mechanical alloying of Si and Ge powder. No alloying occurred when the milling vial was cooled by liquid nitrogen. The pos-sible mechanisms responsible for material transfer during mechanical alloying of brittle components are considered.     

辉光放电光谱法测定合金化镀锌板镀层中铁含量

利用辉光放电光谱法测定合金化镀锌板镀层中铁含量,根据样品由表至里的辉光放电积分图谱,分别积分计算镀层中锌、铝、合金化铁的质量,从而得到镀层中真实的铁含量。同时,根据GB/T 1839的镀锌表面处理办法将合金化镀锌板镀层全部溶出,采用ICP AES法测定镀层中铁的百分含量。结果发现,辉光放电光谱法与ICP AES法对两块试样分别进行6次测定,相对标准偏差分别为16%、19%和16%、031%,辉光放电光谱法测定结果与ICP AES法偏差分别为032%和048%。通过这种方法比对,还可以在采用辉光放电光谱法对非典型合金化镀锌板进行分析时优化积分参数,确保在线生产检验的连续性及准确性。