液氯液化尾气合成氯化氢生产氯乙烯

对液化尾氯的应用进行了可行性探索,通过对液化尾氯的生产数据分析,并从理论计算上求证,证明氯气液化尾氯合成氯化氢直供电石法PVC生产是安全可行的。     

氯化钾中氯化镁杂质对分析结果的影响研究

氯化钾中氯化镁杂质的存在会影响产品氯化钾的质量分数指标,主要原因是杂质氯化镁含有结晶水.为了使分析结果更加准确,宜将氯化钾产品的烘干温度提高到120℃以上.     

异戊二烯与氯化氢控制加成合成1-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯

文中应用CuCl和醋酸组成的催化剂考察了异戊二烯与HCl控制加成生成1-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯的影响因素,确定了采用L16(45)正交试验表的试验方案,通过正交试验得到的最佳工艺条件为:醋酸0.5 mL、CuCl 0.10 g、无溶剂、10℃下进行反应,5 mL异戊二烯在该条件下反应4 h,异戊二烯的转化率和1-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯的选择性分别为93.32%和85.83%。该反应过程可能有烯丙基化合物生成,控制该化合物的生成方向是获得1-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯较高选择性的关键。同时也发现,反应开始时HCl的通入速度低于2 mL/min,可以减少二氯产物的生成;当异戊二烯转化率接近90%时,应停止通HCl,并用氮气置换,可以提高1-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯的选择性。     

氯化焙烧法制备无水氯化钙的工艺研究

研究了用氯化铵作为氯化剂氯化焙烧碳酸钙制备无水氯化钙的工艺条件,通过单因素实验考察了焙烧温度、物料配比、焙烧时间及物料装载厚度的影响,并用XRD对无水氯化钙进行了表征。结果表明氯化焙烧法制无水氯化钙的最佳工艺条件为：焙烧温度为450 ℃、焙烧时间为60 min、氯化铵与碳酸钙物料配比n（氯化铵）∶n（碳酸钙）=3∶1、物料装载厚度大于1 cm。此条件下碳酸钙的转化率为95.8%、焙烧产物氯化钙的质量分数为94.96%。用工业级原料焙烧时,选用粒径为10.5 μm的工业重钙与工业氯化铵焙烧120 min,碳酸钙的转化率为95.19%,无水氯化钙的质量分数为94.83%。     

氯化汞触媒中氯化汞含量的快速测定

使用ＥＤＴＡ络合法测定触媒中氯化汞的含量,将大大提高分析速度。     

氯化汞触媒中氯化汞含量的快速测定

介绍了氯化汞触媒中氯化汞含量的测定方法，提出了用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定触媒中氯化汞含量的新方法。对测定条件进行了分析，在0～0．2mg／mL范围内，氯化汞含量与吸光度呈线性关系，相关系数为0．9953，测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．0％，加标回收率98．75％～101．76％。结果表明该方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性好、易掌握等优点。     

新法制备氯苯和对二氯苯格氏试剂

在无任何引发剂存在下,以普通镁屑（ 粉） 、氯苯、对二氯苯、无水四氢呋喃或无水乙醚等为原料,制备了氯苯、对二氯苯的格氏试剂,其收率均在９０％ 以上。与传统制备方法相比,反应更易引发,反应条件更易控制,收率较高。     

氯化亚砜联产三氯氧磷工艺的经济评价

概述了氯化亚砜和三氯氧磷的生产工艺、消耗定额、产品质量及“三废”情况 ,并对其进行了技术经济评价。     

氯乙烯单体中氯甲烷的来源及降低措施

通过分析氯乙烯单体中氯甲烷的来源,提出了降低其含量的措施。     

The electrodeposition of aluminium from molten aluminium chloride/sodium chloride

The electrodeposition of aluminium from an AlCl₃/NaCl melt (80 wt % purified A1C1₃, 20 wt % NaCl at 175°C) has been studied and conditions established for the production of good quality electroplate on steel. To obtain a coherent, dendrite-free plate at current densities up to 16 mA/cm², the presence of not less than about 0.07 wt % hydrogen chloride was found to be essential. Under these conditions the current efficiency was 85%. Continued plating resulted in a progressive increase in current efficiency up to practically 100% and a progressive deterioration in plate quality. Addition of more HCl at this stage restored the original conditions. These observations explain inconsistencies in previously reported values for current efficiency and maximum current density. The mechanism of the action of HCl was not established but it is suggested that it may have an action akin to chemical polishing by dissolving off the high spots on the already deposited aluminium. Alternatively, the electrolytic reduction of hydrogen preferentially on active sites may block these off and so prevent the build-up of aluminium dendrites.     

The solubility of vinyl chloride in poly(vinyl chloride)

The solubility of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in PVC powders has been studied by equilibrium vapor pressure and microbalance gravimetric techniques at temperatures from 30 to 110°C. At temperatures and VCM concentrations above the glass transition, the solubility closely follows the Flory-Huggins equation with χ = 0.98 and is independent of temperature and of the PVC type, molecular weight, or history. In the glassy state, the VCM solubility is higher than the Flory-Huggins value and shows pronounced dependence upon time and the PVC history. These results have been interpreted through the dual-mode sorption concept of Michaels, Vieth, and Barrie: Normal dissolution follows the Flory-Huggins relation, and the additional glassy-state solubility represents the contribution of a hole-filling process. Changes in solubility with time and sample history parallel well-known volume relaxation processes, indicating that vapor solubility measurements offer a direct and sensitive measure of the free-volume state of glassy polymers.     

氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚乳液的生产与应用

叙述了乳液聚合技术的发展历程及共聚乳液的反应机制,介绍了氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚乳液的基础配方及生产方法,指出影响乳液质量的关键因素是单体质量、乳化剂质量及其配比。     

氯化钠法制备氯化锂的工艺研究

研究了以硫酸锂和氯化钠为原料制备氯化锂的方法，硫酸锂与氯化钠在室温条件下1：1(体积比)反应，反应液经减压浓缩后于-5℃温度下完全析出硫酸钠晶体，继续浓缩反应液得到氯化锂的饱和溶液，冷却结晶。其工艺简单，成本较低，所得氯化锂产品能达到一级品的要求，且收率在95％(质量分数)以上。     

Predominance diagrams of uranium and plutonum species in both lithium chloride–potassium chloride eutectic and calcium chloride

Electro-reduction of spent nuclear fuel has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of high level waste from nuclear reactors. Typically, spent uranium and plutonium are recovered via the PUREX process leading to a weapons-grade recovery; however, electro-reduction would allow spent nuclear fuel to be recovered effectively whilst maintaining proliferation resistance. Here, we present predominance diagrams (also known as Littlewood diagrams) for both uranium and plutonium species in molten lithium chloride–potassium chloride eutectic (LKE) at 500 °C and in calcium chloride at 800 °C. All diagrams presented depict regions of stability of various phases at unit activity in equilibrium with their respective dissociated ions. The diagrams thermodynamically define the electrochemical system leading to predictions of reaction conditions necessary to electrochemically separate species. The diagrams have been constructed using a pure thermodynamic route; identifying stable species within the molten salt with an assumption of unit activity for each of the phases. These thermodynamically predicted diagrams have been compared to the limited available experimental data; demonstrating good correlation. The diagrams can also be used to predict regions of stability at activities less than unity and is also demonstrated.     

Kinetics of aluminium deposition from aluminium chloride—alkali chloride melts

The kinetics of aluminium deposition from NaClAlCl₃ and NaClKClAlCl₃ melts (c_AlCl3 < 0.4 mol%) was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and potential step amperometry. The reduction of AlCl₃ on tungsten and aluminium electrodes was found to be diffusion controlled. The diffusion coefficients of AlCl₃ were: 3.5 × 10^?5 cm² s^?1 at 820°C in NaClAlCl₃, 2.7 × 10^?5cm²s^?1 at 825°C, and 2.1 × 10^?5cm²s^?1 at 705°C in KClNaClAlCl₃. The rate constant for AlCl₃ reduction at these conditions was found to be in the order of 0.2 cm s^?1, in good agreement with extrapolated literature data.     

Liquid-Liquid equilibria of heptane-methanol-toluene-calcium chloride and ethyl acetate-water-ethanol-calcium chloride quaternary systems

Liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the heptane-methanol-toluene-calcium chloride and ethyl acetate-water-ethanol-calcium chloride quaternary systems were measured under various salt concentrations at 298.15 K and the results obtained were correlated with a modification of Hàla's model. Distribution of the salt between the two liquid phases was found to be strongly influenced by the content of methanol or ethanol while the solubility of the salt in the heptane or ethyl acetate rich phase was very small. The two-liquid region, i.e. the miscibility gap was enlarged by adding the salt. Correlations of LLE data including the salt distribution for both the non-aqueous and aqueous quaternary systems were possible with reasonable accuracy.     

The reduction of ferric chloride by aluminium in aluminium chloride melts

The rate of reduction of FeCl₃ to FeCl₂ by metallic aluminium in AIcl₃ melts has been studied at 212, 227 and 242 °C. Within the range of conditions investigated, the rate of reduction was proportional to the ferric ion concentration in the melt and to the surface area of the aluminium. After an initial coverage of the aluminium by a protective film of iron the reduction proceeded effectively only to the ferrous state.