兖州煤与木质素共液化反应性的研究

采用单因素法,以四氢萘为供氢溶剂,以Fe2O3和S为催化剂,在高压釜内,研究了配比、温度、反应时间和初始氢压对兖州煤与木质素共液化反应性的影响.结果表明,在液化中适量添加木质素可提高兖州煤的液化反应性.综合考虑实验条件和经济成本,得到共液化的最佳工艺条件为:兖州煤:木质素(质量比)=9:1,440℃,60min,8MPa,在此条件下转化率与油产率分别为86.8%与62.9%.     

秸秆与兖州煤共液化反应条件的研究

在高压反应釜内,以四氢萘为供氢溶剂,Fe2O3＋S为催化剂,研究了温度、反应时间、初始氢压、配比对兖州煤与秸秆共液化的影响。结果表明,提高反应温度,转化率、油产率增加;延长反应时间对转化率、油产率的影响较小;升高初始氢压,转化率、油产率刚开始增加,6 MPa以后增幅趋缓;在m（秸秆）∶m（兖州煤）=0.5∶9.5时,共液化的油产率为60.45%,比兖州煤单独液化的油产率提高了4.17%;在m（兖州煤）∶m（秸秆）=9.5∶0.5,440℃,8 MPa,90 min的条件下,共液化转化率和油产率达到最大,分别为83.58%和63.1%。     

四种有应用前景的煤的液化性能评价

以赤泥、黄铁矿和原位担载铁催化剂对先锋、依兰、神木、兖州四种煤在４００℃－４５０℃,３０ｍｉｎ￣９０ｍｉｎ和７ＭＰａＨ２条件下进行了液化性能评价,结果表明：催化剂与煤咎有一定的匹配关系,针对某一特定的液化煤种应该进行广泛的催化剂筛选评价和研制工作,从中发现最适合于该煤液化的催化剂,在所使用的三种催化剂中,原位担载铁催化剂对神木、兖州、依兰煤的液化效果非常明显,活性远好于赤泥和贡铁矿催化剂,有一定的     

高挥发烟煤和富氢固态废弃物共液化的研究

在50mL的小型反应器内，考察了煤和废塑料共处理的反应规律及工艺条件。结果表明，在煤和废塑料共处理过程中，废塑料在一定的条件下，可有效促进煤的转化，提高油收率，降低氢耗量，减缓反应条件的苛刻度。     

CANMET共处理情况报告

CANME正在开发一种工艺,在煤液化的同时使沥青、重油或石渣油提质。这种共处理的原理与直接加氢液化工艺相似,由外部提供沥青或其它溶剂代替由煤获得的再循环油。另一方面,共处理也可以看做是CANMET加氢裂解工艺的发展,在加氢裂解的供料里使用大得多的煤浓度。最终结果是把煤液化和重油加氢裂解工艺结合成单程工艺。CANMET合成燃料试验室使用了小型连续共处理装置,用Alberta的Forestburg次烟煤C和Cold Lake真空渣油作溶剂来试验这种概念的可行性。也用蒽油溶剂处理相同的煤,对共处理和液化的产品质量和产率进行直接的试验比较。在宽的操作范围内,采用改变主要工艺参数,包括单一的溶剂加氢裂解的基本情况,来研究共处理的特点。观察了一些有意义的趋势,特别是关于煤浆供料里煤浓度的影响。讨论了这些结果,包括共处理过程中煤——溶剂可能产生最佳作用的本质。     

溶剂抽提对兖州煤高温快速液化反应性的影响

以四氢呋喃为抽提溶剂,利用索氏提取器对兖州煤进行了抽提处理.对原煤与所得到的抽余煤进行了扫描电镜、N2吸附-脱附、热重和红外分析并进行了高温快速液化实验.通过与原煤的对比,考察了溶剂索氏抽提对煤的结构和液化反应性的影响.结果表明:抽余煤结构和热解行为均发生了明显改变;与原煤相比较,其高温快速液化的转化率有明显提高;低分子化合物对无外在活性氢来源的煤高温快速液化明显起到提供氢源的作用.     

兖州煤的催化加氢及其重质产物的分离和表征

煤在温和条件下的内化加氢是煤直接液化和煤温和热解领域的重要内容,是由煤生产液体煤料和化学产品的重要手段。从兖州煤的加氢反应入手,研究了加氢条件与产物产率的关系,考察了不同溶剂对产物萃取物数量和质量的影响,从族组成的角度分析了重质产物与优质道路沥青的异同,为以煤直接液化重质产物为原料生产优化道路沥青作了探索性研究。研究表明：在一定反应和分离条件下,通过兖州煤催化加氢可制得与进口和国产优质道路沥青族组     

铁,钼催化剂在煤油共处理中的催化性能研究

在兖州烟煤和低温煤焦油共处理反应中，采用铁，钼等不同的催化剂，基于煤转化率的不同，考察了各种催化剂的催化活性，同时探讨了在共处理反应中不同的催化机理。     

超声波预处理对煤-油临氢共炼的影响

在预设的超声条件下对不同煤-油共炼原料进行预处理,并在相同的反应条件下使用实验室自制的铁系催化剂进行煤-油共炼反应,考察煤液化率的变化,对液体产物进行元素和馏程分析以及对固体产物进行工业四组分分析,确定超声波预处理对煤-油临氢共炼的影响.结果表明:经过超声波预处理后,共炼原料结构发生改变,分别对油浆及使用安徽煤与油浆所配油煤浆进行超声处理,再进行共炼反应,安徽煤的液化率分别提高9.85%和12.42%;分别对煤焦油及对使用安徽煤与煤焦油所配油煤浆进行超声处理,再进行共炼反应,安徽煤的液化率分别提高7.99%和18.65%,固体产物的灰分、挥发分降低,固定碳含量增加,质量有所提高;液体产物的馏程分布基本没有改变.达到了在提高煤液化率的同时、保证共炼产物质量不变的目的.     

平朔煤显微组分与低温煤焦油及石油渣油共处理的研究

采用高压微型反应釜，将平朔煤的洗精煤以及分离出的显微组分与低温煤焦油、石油渣油在不同反应温度和初始氢压下分别进行共处理，考察了各显微组分的共处理活性，比较了低温煤焦油与石油渣油在共处理过程中的效果，并分析了煤油共处理过程中可能发生的反应。     

煤炭直接液化先进工艺的经济性

煤直接液化可以生产液体燃料油。比较了碳氢化合物研究公司（ＨＲＩ）的两段催化液化（ＣＴＳＬ）、煤油共炼和氢─—煤工艺的经济性。煤油共炼可以看作是重质渣油提质和煤液化之间的过渡技术。作出在中国建设煤油共炼示范工厂的经济分析和评价。     

煤炭直接液化技术研究

我国煤炭直接液化技术研究已达到国际先进水平．兖州、天祝、神府烟煤和先锋．沈北、东胜褐煤都是较好的直接液化原料煤。煤直接液化的馏分油最适宜生产高辛烷值汽油、优质喷气燃料和催化重整制取芳烃原料油．两段催化液化由1t无水无灰煤生产5bb1馏分油．煤油共炼与直接液化相比较，简化了工艺过程，改进了馏分油产率和质量。我国煤直接工艺发展方向是煤油共炼或两段催化液化工艺。     

Effects of solvent composition on coprocessing coal with petroleum residua

The effect of solvent composition on coprocessing of coal and petroleum solvents is examined under a variety of reaction conditions. The effects of solvent modification procedures on enhancing methylene chloride/methanol (MeCl/MeOH) soluble coal conversion and pentane soluble oil production are studied. Solvent modification procedures performed prior to coprocessing reactions include pentane deasphalting, catalytic hydrotreatment, H-donor addition, and blending of coal-derived liquids with petroleum solvents. Oil production and coal conversion were variously affected by the different solvent modifications. Prior hydrotreatment of petroleum solvents generally enhanced coal conversion, as did H-donor addition. The presence of a hydrotreating catalyst exerted a leveling effect on the effects of solvent modification. Blending of coal liquids and petroleum solvents resulted in complex and not readily predictable interaction. Solvents yielding the highest MeCl/MeOH soluble coal conversion were not generally the optimal solvents for pentane soluble oil production.     

Coprocessing of a Turkish lignite with a cellulosic waste material: 2. The effect of coprocessing on liquefaction yields at different reaction pressures and sawdust/lignite ratios

Most of the research works done for alternative energy sources have shown that, in general, coprocessing of coal with biomass-type wastes has a positive effect on the liquefaction yields and these materials are increasingly studied as coliquefaction agents for the conversion of coal to liquid fuels. Addition of biomass waste materials to coal is known to be synergetic in that it improves the yields and quality of liquid products produced from coal under relatively mild conditions of temperature and pressure. This paper reports the coprocessing of a Turkish lignite with sawdust in the category of biomass-type waste material. The experiments have been conducted in a stainless-steel reactor, and temperature and tetralin/(lignite+sawdust) ratio were kept constant at 350 °C and 3:1 (vol/wt), respectively. This is the first time that the influence of reaction pressures on coliquefaction yields was investigated. In addition, the influence of the sawdust/lignite ratios on coprocessing conversion and product distribution was also investigated under the same reaction conditions. The runs were carried out at 10, 25, 40, 55, and 70 atm initial cold hydrogen pressure values and at 0.5:1, 0.75:1, 1:1, 1.25:1, and 1.5:1 sawdust/lignite (wt/wt) ratio values.     

Thermal and catalytic coprocessing of waste tires with coal

Thermal and catalytic coprocessing of waste tires and coal was performed using waste tires from two sources and coals of three different ranks. Bituminous coals yielded higher conversions than either subbituminous coal or lignite when coprocessed with waste tire. In this study waste tires from tire buffing processes were used. One of these materials provided by Rouse Rubber represented the typical composition of most automotive tires while the other material supplied by Uniroyal contained a substantial amount of mineral fillers because the material obtained from buffing the white lettering on the sidewall of the tire. Each of these waste tires when used as a solvent in coprocessing had different solvent qualities; the Rouse waste tire was typically a much better solvent for coal than Uniroyal waste tire. Catalytic coprocessing of waste tires with coal using slurry phase hydrogenation catalysts increased total and coal conversions compared to thermal reactions. Addition of carbon black to the coprocessing system had minimal effect on the conversion or product distributions, while the addition of the heat-treated residue from the liquefied waste tires resulted in enhanced conversion and hexane solubles production from coprocessing systems. The mineral-rich Uniroyal residue was more active than the carbon black-rich Rouse residue. Combining the residues with slurry phase hydrogenation catalysts enhanced their activity even further.     

The upgrading of petroleum residuum and coal in catalytic coprocessing

The combined catalytic reactions using different types of petroleum residuum and coal were performed at 425°C and 60 minutes in the presence of hydrogen to upgrade both materials to high quality synthetic fuels. In order to improve this coprocessing technology, the effect of the chemical and physical properties of both materials on the coprocessing product yields was investigated through a parametric study. In all reaction combinations, substantial increase in maltene production and high coal conversions of over 84% were observed regardless of petroleum residuum type and coal rank. The petroleum residuum properties of specific gravity and conradson carbon residue had effects on asphaltene production and coal conversion. The results of quantitative analysis for the amount of coal upgraded during coprocessing lead to conclude thata large amount of coal converted to maltene fraction due to high catalytic activity and reactive hydrogen donor richness of coprocessing system. However, most of the heavier fractions were formed primarily from coal regardless of the type of residuum used.     

Effect of the ozonization of brown coal from the Kansk-Achinsk Basin on its pyrolysis in a mixture with polyethylene

It was found that the treatment of brown coal from the Kansk-Achinsk Basin with an ozone-oxygen mixture at 25–100°C for 1–8 h was accompanied by the formation of oxygen-containing structural groups in the organic matter of coal; the thermal stability of these groups was comparatively low. The preliminary ozonization of coal resulted in an increase in the degree of conversion and the yield of liquid distillation products in the course of coprocessing of coal with polyethylene.     

Catalytic coprocessing of LDPE with coal and petroleum resid using different catalysts

Catalytic coprocessing of low density polyethylene (LDPE) with coal and heavy petroleum resid was investigated using four different catalysts that included both hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts. Reaction systems that were evaluated included LDPE alone; LDPE with coal; and LDPE, coal, and resid. The catalysts used were NiMo/Al₂O₃, a hydrotreating catalyst with some hydrocracking activity, and the hydrocracking catalysts Zeolyst 753, NiMo/zeolite, and HZSM-5. These catalysts were reacted individually or in combinations of 10 wt.% of each hydrocracking catalyst in NiMo/Al₂O₃. The catalytic reactions were performed at two temperatures, 400 and 430°C, using 1 wt.% of each catalyst or a combination of catalysts on a total feed basis. The effects of the different catalysts on the reaction products were measured in terms of solvent fractionation and total boiling point distribution. Reactions at the higher reaction temperature of 430°C resulted in substantially higher conversion and production of lighter products than the reactions at 400°C. The LDPE reaction system was sensitive to the catalyst type, and yielded increased conversion and lighter products when Zeolyst 753 and NiMo/zeolite were used. By contrast, the conversion and product slate obtained from the LDPE and coal systems were low and showed no effect due to the different types of catalyst. Introduction of resid to the LDPE/coal system increased the reactivity of the system and allowed the catalysts to have a larger effect. The hydrocracking catalysts were the most active in producing more conversion and hexane soluble material. Comparison of the effect of increasing the reaction time up to 5 h with 1 wt.% catalyst loading to the effect of increasing the catalyst loading from 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% for a reaction time of 1 h showed that increased reaction time was much more effective than catalyst loading in converting the solid LDPE to liquid reaction products.     

Effects of coal rank and reaction conditions upon coprocessing coal with waste tyre

It is well known that the amount of waste tyre increases every year, and a numerous amount of waste tyre is landfilled or dumped all over the world, which causes environmental problems, such as destruction of natural places and the risk of fires. Coprocessing waste tyre and coal is considered as one of the effective processing methods of both materials. Upon coprocessing lower rank coal (Wyoming, C; 68%) with waste tyre, the synergistic effects to upgrading, such as the increase of oil yield and the decrease of residue yield, were appeared. However, the synergistic effects were not observed on coprocessing two kinds of higher rank coals with waste tyre. The reactions of coal with benzophenone were carried out to discuss the hydrogen donatability of coal. Conversion of benzophenone to diphenylmethane on the reaction with Wyoming coal was higher than those of higher rank coals. Accordingly, it was considered that the synergistic effects to upgrading upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were obtained owing to the enhancement of stabilization of radicals from tyre and Wyoming coal through the hydrogen donation from both tyre and Wyoming coal. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of solvent upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were also discussed in this study.