基于SHPB实验的挤压AZ91D镁合金动态力学行为数值模拟

使用霍普金森压杆技术对挤压AZ91D镁合金进行3种应变速率下的动态压缩实验,基于实验数据的拟合确定了其动态压缩的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构方程。采用拟合的J-C本构参数和LS-DYNA有限元软件对挤压AZ91D镁合金在3种应变速率下的SHPB实验进行了数值模拟,根据模拟得到的入射波、反射波和透射波形计算得到各应变速率下完整的应力-应变曲线,并与实验及拟合的应力-应变响应进行了对比。结果表明:当应变速率在400~1000 s-1之间变化时,AZ91D镁合金的应变速率敏感性随应变率增大而增大;基于J-C材料模型描述的AZ91D镁合金应变速率相关的应力-应变本构模型,其数值模拟结果与拟合结果及实验结果基本吻合。     

固相合成AZ91D镁合金的组织和性能

利用固相合成方法在挤压比为11∶1的条件下,将AZ91D镁合金屑分别在573、623、673和723 K时制备成试样,对试样进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:在573~673 K时,AZ91D镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而增大,高于673 K时其抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而降低,在合成温度为673 K时,其抗拉强度最高,达到384.4 MPa;在热挤出过程中氧化层被均匀弥散在组织中且发生动态再结晶,使固相合成AZ91D镁合金的力学性能与铸态和用铸锭热挤出制备的镁合金相比明显提高,在合成温度为673 K时,其延伸率为5.8%,比铸态增加152%;AZ91D镁合金屑在挤出过程中不能完全结合且出现较多的微裂纹,使其延伸率与铸锭热挤出制备的AZ91D镁合金相比低44%。     

AZ31镁合金薄壁管分流挤压速度影响规律仿真研究

基于DEFORM-3D平台,以军用战地发射塔天线用AZ31镁合金薄壁管分流挤压工艺过程为研究对象,研究建立了精确、高效的AZ31镁合金薄壁管分流挤压有限元模型。模拟研究揭示了挤压速度对挤压力、焊合压力及模口坯料金属峰值温度的影响规律。基于所得规律,综合考虑挤压力、焊合质量及挤出管材表面质量要求,获得了该规格AZ31镁合金薄壁管在2000t挤压机上的合理挤压速度范围为3.5~7mm/s。     

AZ91镁合金管材分流模挤压工艺正交优化

基于正交试验优化设计,以提高模具出口处坯料变形均匀性为目标,通过DEFORM-3D有限元平台,对AZ91镁合金管材分流模挤压工艺过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,影响AZ91镁合金管材变形均匀性的因素主次顺序为:焊合室深度工作带长度挤压速度挤压温度,最佳的因素水平组合为挤压温度460、挤压速度5mm/s、工作带长度3mm、焊合室深度15mm。     

AZ91D镁合金的热压缩变形行为

在应变速率为0.005～1s~(-1)、温度250-350℃条件下,采用Instron-5500热模拟机对AZ91D镁合金的高温压缩特性进行研究,得到其真实应力-应变曲线.分析挤压温度和应变速率等对曲线的影响,得出本构方程的一系列常数,建立AZ91D镁合金在高温压缩中的本构方程关系式.结果表明:变形过程中AZ91D镁合金的流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;该流动应力可以用双曲正弦函数来描述,其双曲正弦值随Zener-Hollomon参数自然对数的升高呈线性增大;AZ91D镁合金是正应变速率敏感材料,其应变速率敏感指数m=0.14.     

AZ91镁合金等通道转角挤压有限元分析

以AZ91镁合金为研究对象,建立了等通道转角挤压三维模型。运用DEFORM-3D有限元软件进行了模拟,分析了温度和摩擦条件对AZ91等通道转角挤压过程中的等效应变、挤压力的影响。结果表明:试样在两通道转角处的变形较剧烈;随着温度的升高,等通道转角挤压所需要的最大挤压力变小;摩擦系数越大,等效应变变化梯度越大,塑性变形均匀性越低。     

EW75镁合金反挤压成形的有限元模拟

通过热模拟压缩实验得到EW75镁合金的流动应力-应变曲线,应用DEFORM-3D软件建立材料模型,基于刚塑性有限元法,对EW75镁合金反挤压过程进行数值模拟。分析了挤压过程的载荷-行程曲线,以及坯料内部的应力、应变、速度等分布,并对挤压温度和挤压速度对反挤压过程的影响做了分析。模拟结果表明:EW75镁合金的反挤压最佳工艺为变形为500℃、挤压速度为5 mm/s。模拟结果为AZ80镁合金管材挤压工艺参数的制定、优化提供了科学依据。     

挤压高强度AZ91D镁合金管材的研究

针对挤压变形得到的高强度AZ91D合金管材进行了组织分析,探讨了其强化机制。实验得出,在温度为430℃、应变速率为0.033s-1、挤压比为12时AZ91D镁合金挤压管材(T6)的抗拉强度可达417.2MPa,远远高于压铸镁合金及AZ31等常用变形镁合金;除细晶强化外,第二相强化、亚晶界析出强化和堆垛结构强化为其主要强化机制。     

AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压成形的有限元模拟

根据AZ31镁合金流动应力-应变曲线建立了材料模型,应用Deform-3D软件对AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压过程进行了有限元模拟,分析了挤压过程中坯料和管材内部温度场、损伤因子及流动速率的分布情况,着重探讨了不同挤压温度、挤压速度和模角对最高温升、等效应力、流动速率及挤压力峰值的影响。结果表明,AZ31镁合金薄壁管材反挤压的最佳工艺参数:挤压温度为310℃、挤压速度为1mm/s、模角为60°。     

挤压铸造态AZ91D镁合金的流变应力和动态再结晶行为

采用Gleeble?3800型热模拟试验机对挤压铸造态AZ91D镁合金进行了热压缩实验,研究在温度250～400℃、应变速率0.001～1 s?1条件下挤压铸造态AZ91D镁合金的流变应力行为,同时利用金相分析(OM)、透射分析(TEM)和电子背散射分析(EBSD)对其变形微观组织进行了研究,建立其本构方程和热加工图....     

AZ31和AZ91镁合金等温挤压及挤压后的微观组织变化

通过等温挤压和金相观察,研究了AZ31和AZ91镁合金不同变形条件下的挤压性能和变形后的微观组织变化。结果表明,AZ31镁合金的挤压变形性能较好,而AZ91镁合金在挤压比为4∶1、挤压温度为400℃,以及在挤压比为9∶1、挤压温度为350℃和400℃时,挤压后的试件表面均出现了裂纹;AZ31镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～400℃,AZ91镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～350℃;镁合金在热挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶,挤压之后合金的晶粒显著细化。     

Uniformity and continuity of effective strain in AZ91D processed by multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion

AZ91D magnesium alloy was processed by equal channel angular extrusion（ECAE）. The influence of extrusion temperature, extrusion pass and extrusion route on the ultimate strength of the extruded billet was analyzed. The process of multi-pass extrusion was simulated with the method of finite element analysis, and the continuity and uniformity of effective strain in multi-pass extrusion were investigated. The results show that extrusion pass plays the most important role in improving the ultimate strength of AZ91D magnesium alloy, the extrusion route is the second, and the extrusion temperature is the last, From the numerical simulation, there exists the continuity of the accumulated deformation in multi-pass extrusion and the effective strain increases linearly. The tendency of the strain uniformity is different in multi-pass extrusion with extrusion routes. The results of experiment agree with those of numerical simulation.     

模具结构对AZ91镁合金挤压成形性能的影响

AZ91镁合金由于强度高、流动性好等特点,通常用作铸造合金。研究该合金合理的挤压温度、挤压速度及模具结构,对提高其塑性成形性能、开发高强度变形镁合金有重要的理论和实际意义。文章通过热模拟试验研究了AZ91镁合金应力应变关系,确定了最佳变形温度。在此基础上,采用三维有限元法模拟分析了不同挤压速度、模具结构对挤压过程温度场、速度场及应力场的影响。结果表明,采用锥模和流线模时,当定径带长度为15mm~20mm时,可在挤压速度达到5mm/s的条件下成形出表面光滑无裂纹的镁合金棒材;而采用平模挤压时,当定径带长度为10mm~20mm时,获得良好表面质量的挤压速度达到2.5mm/s。在650t的卧式挤压机上,进行了该合金的挤压实验,实验结果与模拟结果相吻合。     

Numerical simulation of temperature field of AZ91D magnesium alloy during equal channel angular extrusion

The temperature field of AZ91D magnesium alloy extruded by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) has been simulated using finite element method (FEM). A series of tests were designed to obtain the simulation parameters: flow stress of AZ91D, friction factor and heat transfer coefficient. The simulated temperature agrees well with the measured one. The evolution of temperature and influencing factor was discussed in details. Furthermore, the extrusion pressure of ECAE was analyzed.     

AZ80镁合金变形特性及管材挤压数值模拟研究

利用Gleeble热模拟机研究了AZ80合金的高温变形特性。结果表明,流变应力取决于变形温度和变形速率。当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低;当温度一定时,流变应力随着应变速率的升高而增大。根据AZ80镁合金真应力-真应变曲线,建立了其流变应力模型。采用刚塑性有限元法对AZ80镁合金管材挤压过程进行热力耦合数值模拟,并分析了高温挤压成形过程中变形力及金属流动规律,着重探讨了变形温度和挤压速度等挤压工艺参数对挤压力、应变场以及应力场的分布及变化情况的影响。模拟的结果为AZ80镁合金管材挤压工艺参数的制定、优化提供了科学依据。     

AZ系列镁合金热模拟挤压过程中挤压力的研究

通过在Gleeble1500D热模拟试验机上对AZ10、AZ31、AZ61和AZ91镁合金进行模拟挤压,并对热模拟挤压成形过程中的挤压力进行测定,研究AZ系列镁合金热模拟挤压成形过程挤压力及其组织变化。研究结果表明,在AZ系列镁合金中,随着合金元素含量的增多,挤压力逐渐增大,并且同种镁合金在挤压前经均匀化退火处理后所需的挤压力比未经均匀化处理的合金所需挤压力大,动态再结晶是影响其挤压力大小的决定性因素。     

An extrusion−shear−expanding process for manufacturing AZ31 magnesium alloy tube

A new severe plastic deformation method for manufacturing tubes made of AZ31 magnesium alloy with a large diameter was developed, which is called the TCESE (tube continuous extrusion?shear?expanding) process. The process combines direct extrusion with a two-step shear?expanding process. The influences of expanding ratios, extrusion temperatures on the deformation of finite element meshes, strain evolution and flow velocity of tube blanks during the TCESE process were researched based on numerical simulations by using DEFORM-3D software. Simulation results show that the maximum expanding ratio is 3.0 in the TCESE process. The deformation of finite element meshes of tube blanks is inhomogeneous in the shear?expanding zone, and the equivalent strains increase significantly during the TCESE process of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. A extrusion temperature of 380 °C and expanding ratio of 2.0 were selected as the optimized process parameters from the numerical simulation results. The average grain size of tubes fabricated by the TCESE process is approximately 10 µm. The TCESE process can refine grains of magnesium alloy tubes with the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The (0001) basal texture intensities of the magnesium alloy tube blanks decrease due to continuous plastic deformation during the TCESE process. The average hardness of the extruded tubes is approximately HV 75, which is obviously improved.     

AZ91D镁合金的冷却凝固特性研究

采用DSC对AZ91D镁合金的冷却凝固特性进行了研究。研究发现,AZ91D镁合金的液相线温度为595℃,固相线温度为470℃,液、固相线温度差为125℃,属于宽结晶温度范围低熔点合金。该合金的平均自由线收缩率为1.572%,冷却凝固时倾向于体积凝固方式,容易形成粗大的离异共晶组织。     

Application of cyclic upsetting-extrusion to semi-solid processing of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by means of the cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting was investigated. The effects of remelting temperature and holding time on microstructure of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components were determined. The results show that the cyclic upsetting-extrusion followed by partial remelting is effective in producing semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy for thixoforming. During the partial remelting, with the increase of remelting temperature and holding time, the solid grain size increases and the degree of spheroidization tends to be improved. The tensile mechanical properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components produced by cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting are better than those of the same alloy produced by casting.     

原位反应自发渗透法TiC／AZ91D镁基复合材料及AZ91D镁合金的拉伸变形与断裂行为

利用原位反应自发渗透技术合成了47．5％碳化钛TiC（体积分数，下同）增强AZ91D镁基复合材料，对比研究了该复合材料与铸态镁合金AZ91D基体的室温与高温拉伸变形行为，观察了拉伸断口微观组织形貌，并分析了这两种材料的断裂特征。结果表明，TiC／Mg复合材料具有良好的高温力学性能，在拉伸变形速率为0．001s^-1以及温度为723K，时其拉伸强度可达91．1MPa，而此时相同变形条件下的铸态AZ91D镁合金拉伸断裂强度只有41．1MPa，增幅达120％。而在室温下，镁基复合材料的拉伸断裂强度仅高出基体铸态镁合金23．4％。镁基复合材料的断裂应变较低，高低温时均表现为脆性断裂；而镁合金则由室温下的脆性断裂向高温下的韧性断裂过渡。