共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文阐述了菲涅耳透镜实际像差的计算,並给出了在相同条件下,菲涅耳透镜和球面透镜系统实际像差计算结果的对比。同时指出了菲涅耳透镜实际像差的特点。 相似文献
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菲涅耳透镜以其良好的成像功能和很高的光学效率,广泛应用于教育投影仪、背投电视等大型成像设备。然而,出射面环形沟槽轨迹的不连续性给菲涅耳透镜的加工带来了诸多困难。为此,本文提出用连续阿基米德螺旋沟槽代替传统的同心环形沟槽,并从光学效率方面对它们进行了比较,计算结果验证了用螺旋沟槽代替同心环带沟槽的可行性,为螺旋沟槽型菲涅耳透镜的设计和制造提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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对扫描全息术中作为编码孔径的菲涅耳波带板的衍射问题进行了数值计算和实验观测。对波带板的菲涅耳衍射积分方程进行了数值求解,在计算时考虑了透镜的位相调制作用;为了使分析问题直观、数值计算简化,通过对比有透镜时波带板的衍射强度分布,求解出无透镜时具有相同分布的等效距离,同时引入了菲涅耳虚衍射面的概念;为了定量描述波带板的衍射效应,定义了临界衍射距离;为了验证数值计算的正确性,在实验中观测并记录了透镜焦距、波带板环数和半径对临界衍射距离的影响;对发散球面波入射时临界衍射距离的变化也进行了讨论。数值计算和实验观测结果对波带板扫描全息成像系统中编码孔径的结构设计、成像物体与透镜的距离以及透镜焦距的选取具有指导意义。 相似文献
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高分辨率X射线衍射光学元件 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
评述了BESSY研制的用于X射线聚焦的各种衍射光学元件。基于布拉格-菲涅耳光学元件,设计了高效高分辨率X射线聚焦和色散光学元件。描述了对长焦距布拉格-菲涅耳透镜与可变曲率半径反射镜组合所做的实验研究。用一块反射菲涅耳波带板作聚焦和色散光学元件进行了短脉冲X射线吸收谱(XAS)的测量。 相似文献
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从物镜和光源的工作移动范围出发,提出计算双透镜聚光镜菲涅耳透镜的方法,这种方法能使断面的各参量达到最佳,从而可以提高整个放大率范围的光透过率,并减少来自聚光镜的散射光。 相似文献
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为讨论单色平面光经过透明平行平板后出现的两束主要反射光之间干涉条纹的反衬度,在给出了它们的光矢量方位角的定义之后,利用方位角之差表示出两束光波光矢量之间的夹角;再利用菲涅耳公式表示出两束光波的光强比,从平面波干涉的角度来求两束光之间干涉条纹的反衬度,最终得出了复杂而普遍的表达式。并针对海定格干涉的反衬度进行了讨论,认为小角度入射形成的海定格干涉条纹,其反衬度只决定于平行平板的折射率;利用光学材料制作的平行平板,其海定格干涉条纹具有很高的反衬度。 相似文献
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We present an improved model of kinked vortices in high-Tc superconductors suitable for the interpretation of Fresnel or holographic observations carried out with a transmission electron microscope. A kinked vortex is composed of two displaced half-vortices, perpendicular to the film plane, connected by a horizontal flux-line in the plane, resembling a connecting Josephson vortex (JV) segment. Such structures may arise when a magnetic field is applied almost in the plane, and the line tension of the fluxon breaks down under its influence. The existence of kinked vortices was hinted in earlier observations of high-Tc superconducting films, where the Fresnel contrast associated with some vortices showed a dumbbell like appearance. Here, we show that under suitable conditions the JV segment may reveal itself in Fresnel imaging or holographic phase mapping in a transmission electron microscope. 相似文献
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Materials such as Si3N4, SiC and SrTiO3 can have grain boundaries characterized by the presence of a thin intergranular amorphous film of nearly constant thickness, in some cases (e.g. Si3N4) almost independent of the orientation of the bounding grains, but dependent on the composition of the ceramic. Microscopy techniques such as high‐resolution lattice fringe imaging, Fresnel fringe imaging and diffuse dark field imaging have been applied to the study of intergranular glassy films. The theme of the current investigation is the use of Fresnel fringes and Fourier filtering for the measurement of the thickness of intergranular glassy films. Fresnel fringes hidden in high‐resolution micrographs can be used to objectively demarcate the glass–crystal interface and to measure the thickness of intergranular glassy films. Image line profiles obtained from Fourier filtering the high‐resolution micrographs can yield better estimates of the thickness. Using image simulation, various kinds of deviation from an ideal square‐well potential profile and their effects on the Fresnel image contrast are considered. A method is also put forth to objectively retrieve Fresnel fringe spacing data by Fourier filtering Fresnel contrast images. Difficulties arising from the use of the standard Fresnel fringe extrapolation technique are outlined and an alternative method for the measurement of the thickness of intergranular glassy films, based on zero‐defocus (in‐focus) Fresnel contrast images is suggested. The experimental work is from two ceramic systems: Lu‐Mg‐doped Si3N4 and SrTiO3 (stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric). Further, a comparison is made between the standard high‐resolution lattice fringe technique, the standard Fresnel fringe extrapolation technique and the methods of analyses introduced in the current work, to illustrate their utility and merits. Taking experimental difficulties into account, this work is intended to be a practical tool kit for the study of intergranular glassy films. 相似文献
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为研究光经过透明平行平板后出现的两束主要反射光之间是否存在半波损失,利用菲涅耳公式和矢量分解再求和的方法,以它们在p、s方向的分振动是否分别反向,且各自方向上的振幅比相等作为判据进行分析,结果发现只在两种情况下有半波损失:第一种是透明平行平板处于均匀的透明媒质中,光以Brewster角斜入射透明平行平板时有半波损失;而透明平行平板处于两种折射率不同的环境媒质之间时不会有半波损失。第二种情况是光束正入射透明平行平板,且当透明平行平板的折射率与周围环境透明媒质的折射率相比处于最大或最小时,将有半波损失。其它情况则没有半波损失。 相似文献
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Hologram simulation for electron holography using an electron biprism is described. An electron hologram is superimposed by Fresnel fringes originating from the electron biprism, which affects both the amplitude and the phase of the object wave and the reference wave. In this simulation, we consider the effects of Fresnel diffraction as well as the electron-wave phase shift due to the electromagnetic field produced by the specimen. We also take into account the phase shift due to the inner potential of the specimen, the amplitude modulation due to the absorption of the incident electrons by the specimen, reference-wave distortion caused by the electromagnetic fields, coherency of the electron wave, and quantum noise of the detected electrons. Simulated and experimentally obtained holograms and reconstructed images are compared for the cases of a charged latex spherical particle and a single magnetic-domain spherical particle placed on a carbon film. 相似文献
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亚波长周期结构与多层增透膜反射特性的比较 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为解决光学系统中普遍存在的菲涅耳反射问题,利用严格耦合波法设计、分析了一种三维轮廓亚波长结构,然后把计算结果同多层反射膜的增透特性进行了比较,结果表明该结构在很宽的波段上尤其是远红外波段上的抗反射特性要远远好于多层膜,其反射率基本上能控制在0.2%以内;并且这种结构反射率的变化随入射光波入射角的偏离在40°以内能保持在1%以下,而多层膜只能在30°以内勉强做到这一点。 相似文献
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同态滤波法抑制离轴数字全息零级项 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对离轴数字全息图受记录器件像元尺寸的限制而在数字再现时存在再现像受零级项串扰的问题,提出了一种抑制离轴数字全息零级项的方法.根据图像灰度可由图像照度及表面反射率共同决定的原理,将全息图看作入射分量和反射分量的乘积,利用入射分量变化缓慢且集中在低频段,反射分量反映图像细节并集中在高频段的特性,用同态滤波方法处理数字全息图.设计了同态滤波器,其上下限分别为0.001和1,直径为300 pixel.用该方法实现了对衍射距离为34 cm的菲涅尔数字全息图的零级项抑制,并对重构出的物光对比度以及物体的细节信息进行了增强. 相似文献
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为了确定位于石英晶体入射面内光学轴的位置,采用自然光沿石英晶面以一定的入射角斜入射,并根据自然光在石英晶体内的传播特性,测量出o光和e光出射光线间的垂直间距以及界面上两出射光点的间距,运用几何作图法,通过计算给出光学轴位于石英晶体入射面内的情况下的理论一般公式,且以实验得以验证,从而提供了一种可用光学法确定光轴位置的方法。 相似文献