差分酉空时协作系统的多符号裁减自动球形译码

鉴于差分协作系统中多符号差分检测(multiple-symbol differential detection,MSDD)算法计算复杂度高的缺点,引入裁减自动球形译码(pruning automation sphere detection,PASD)算法来降低差分酉空时协作系统的检测复杂度.PASD算法是在球形译码的基础上,结合自动球形译码和裁减球形译码的思想而提出的.通过对扩展节点所消耗的复杂度和系统的误码率两方面来分析译码算法的性能.仿真分析表明,在差分酉空时协作系统中,PASD算法在误码性能几乎不变的情况下,复杂度曲线比球形译码(sphere detection,SD)算法收敛迅速.其中在分组长度N=5、信噪比SNR=15dB的情况下,PASD、SD算法的扩展点数分别为14.138 6、78.950 5,大大降低了系统的复杂度;同时,当SNR>16dB时,协作节点的增加有利于提高系统的误码性能,系统的复杂度性能并没有很大的损失.     

水声通信系统中分布式空时分组码的研究

协作传输可以获得无线信道内在的空间分集,有效改善通信系统的性能,增加通信系统的覆盖范围。对水声通信系统中两中继节点协作的译码转发方案进行了研究,提出了基于译码转发协议(DF)的分布式空时分组扩频编码(DSTBSC)方案,该方案可以克服多径衰落对分布式空时分组码(DSTBC)信号正交性的影响。给出了DSTBSC方案的系统模型,着重分析了在采用两中继译码转发时,中继节点的误码对水声通信系统性能的影响。在接收端不考虑信号冲突的情况进行仿真,结果表明,与直接传输方案相比,采用两中继节点、译码转发的DSTBSC方案,在两中继节点处均无误码和一个中继有误码时在相同的比特误码率(BER)条件下均可获得约4dB的分集增益,增加了传输距离。     

RZF预编码与MMSE-SIC检测联合的大规模MIMO系统预编码设计算法

研究了大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的预编码设计算法。针对大规模MIMO系统通常利用增加用户天线数来提高系统频谱效率的方法会导致用户间干扰增大,从而对系统性能产生负面影响的问题,提出了一种将正则化迫零(RZF)预编码与最小均方误差-串行干扰消除(MMSE-SIC)检测相结合的改进算法。该算法通过在基站端采用RZF预编码对信号进行预处理以平衡用户间干扰和噪声干扰的影响,继而在接收端运用检测性能优异的MMSE-SIC算法来进一步减轻信号中的干扰,从而达到提升系统容量的目的。实验结果表明,这种将RZF预编码与MMSE-SIC检测相结合的改进算法,在用户间干扰较大时具有较好的适用性,且在完全已知和未完全已知信道状态信息情况下的频谱效率均优于传统RZF算法。     

一种稳健的水声MIMO通信系统调制技术

作为一种极具潜力的高速水下通信技术,基于VBLAST（贝尔实验室垂直分层空时）编码调制的水声MIMO通信技术,借助于空间复用,可在不增加系统带宽的条件下成倍提高数据传输速率。但由于同时受到同频干扰及多径干扰的影响,当信道多径扩展严重时,基于VBLAST调制的水声MIMO通信系统性能下降严重。为此,提出一种新的调制技术,该技术通过将各层信号调制到彼此正交的子载波上,可完全消除同频干扰,从而有效改善系统误码性能,显著提高系统的稳健性。仿真结果证明了所提调制技术的良好性能。     

酉变换准正交空时编码

设计了一种采用预编码方式的准正交空时编码(quasi-orthogonal space time code, QOSTC),其编码方案是首先对发送信号向量进行与信道状态信息无关的酉变换,然后再进行正交编码.酉变换可将QOSTC信道能转化为并行复用传输信道,实现无符号间干扰的高速率并行传输,且接双端信号的最大似然(maximum likelihood,ML)符号译码可简化成线性译码,从而可采用简单的线性检测降低译码复杂度.仿真结果表明,在高信噪比下,酉变换的QOSTC线性检测比没有酉变换的QOSTC的ML检测差2dB左右,但其分集度几乎相同.     

MIMO水声通信中的空时分组扩展编码方案探讨

采用多输入多输出（MIMO）结构和空时编码可以使水声通信系统获得分集增益,改善系统性能。针对水声信道中的频率选择性衰落,研究了一种用于MIMO水声通信系统的空时分组扩展编码方案（STBSC）,利用正交扩频编码克服了水声信道中多径干扰对空时分组编码（STBC）信号正交性的破坏。给出了方案的系统模型和实现框图,采用MIMO水声模型对方案的性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,STBSC方案在多径水声信道中可以得到完全发射分集。最后介绍了方案的水库试验,试验结果表明了方案的有效性。     

IEEE802.11ac中LDPC译码性能测试

LDPC译码器性能直接影响接收机性能的优劣.该文详细分析基于EEE802.11 ac的下一代无线局域网中LDPC码的编码参数,介绍了BP译码算法、Log-BP算法、最小和译码算法、分层修正MS译码算法的优缺点,并利用Matlab搭建IEEE802.11ac系统测试链路,测试了4种算法的误码性能.分层修正译码算法最适合ASIC实现,同时经测试得到适合硬件实现的译码迭代次数为20,归一化因子为0.75,为LDPC译码器设计提供参考.     

码率嵌入式高码率差分空时编码

为了提高传输码率,将具有高码率的全分集全码率(FDFR)空时码嵌入到低码率的传统差分空时编码中,提出了一种码率嵌入式的差分空时编码方法,该编码方案具有编码增益高,误码性能好等优点.仿真结果表明,与传统的差分空时编码方案(酉差分空时编码和差分空时分组编码)相比,新编码方法具有很好的误码性能,特别是在高传输码率和接收天线较多情况下,其误码性能优势越明显.     

差分协作系统中的软输入软输出多符号差分球形译码

在差分协作系统中,为了解决硬判决多符号差分检测(multi-symbol differential detection,MSDD)译码过程中,部分信息丢失导致性能损失以及该算法中最大似然检测计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种软输入软输出的多符号差分球形译码(SISO-MSDSD)算法.该算法利用球形译码思想,在一定搜索范围内计算编码比特的对数似然比(LLR),去除先验信息可获得编码比特的外信息,经内部译码器判决得到源信息.仿真分析表明,比较硬判决MAP算法,SISO-MSDSD算法性能明显提高,且在信道频偏较大时,随着分组长度增加能有效提高检测性能.此外,在低SNR区域,SISO-MSDSD算法对复杂度的改善也十分明显.因此,SISO-MS-DSD可作为一种较好的软检测算法应用于差分协作系统中.     

一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法

为了克服水声信道的多径衰落,消除码间干扰,获得可靠的数据传输,提出了一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法。该新型算法有两个优点:一是将自适应判决反馈均衡器和迭代译码技术相结合,二是译码采用Turbo译码原理,整个译码系统可以看作是串联迭代译码器,只是其中的内部译码器被编码比特对数似然率(LLR)计算器所取代,有效地降低了运算复杂度。同时,自适应判决反馈均衡器采用了变步长因子算法,改善了均衡器的收敛速度。仿真实验验证了该组合接收算法的性能     

带内全双工水声通信残余自干扰实时抵消技术研究

带内全双工水声通信(In-Band Full Duplex Underwater Acoustic Communication,IBFD-UWAC)因其频谱利用率可达传统半双工模式的两倍,已成为水声通信领域的研究热点之一。由于本地发射强功率自干扰信号会导致通信系统误码率性能无法达到正常需求,因此自干扰抵消(Self-interference Cancellation,SIC)技术成为IBFD-UWAC中的核心问题。针对经过模拟SIC或空间自干扰抑制后的残余干扰信号问题,文章利用硬件在环(Hardware In-Loop,HIL)仿真,基于Simulink^® Desktop Real-time平台,实现了实时SIC,并利用瞬时状态误差判断期望信号到达情况,提出一种基于期望信号到达阈值的改进Sigmoid函数可变步长最小均方(Improved Sigmoid function based Variable Step Size,LMS,ISVS-LMS)算法,该算法大大降低了期望信号对SIC过程带来的影响。分析、仿真及实验表明：该方法可实现实时带内全双工水声通信的自干扰抵消,且算法的收敛速度以及稳态效果均有显著提升。     

大气光通信中Turbo码的最大后验概率译码

为了精确实现对空间物体的测量,提出了利用线激光、单CCD相机、小孔成像与激光面约束模型的激光线测量法。引进三维信息已知的标准阶梯块作为激光面约束的标定块;由计算机控制摄像头对实物连续拍摄和实时处理,提取激光线上的像素坐标;利用建立的模型将二维坐标转换成三维坐标,再以点云的形式重构出物体,实现三维自动测量。实践中检测系统测量精度可达到0.05mm。     

A modified model of the atmospheric effects on the performance of FSO links employing single and multiple receivers

In free space optical (FSO) communication links, atmospheric effects including absorption, scattering and turbulence have significant impacts on the quality of the laser beam propagating through the free space channel. Absorption and/or scattering due to the atmospheric particles result in optical losses, whereas turbulence contributes to the intensity scintillation which can severely impair the operation of FSO links. In this paper, using a modified model we analyze the atmospheric effects on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the bit error rate (BER) performance of an FSO system. We show that for multiple detectors with the same surface area as a single detector there is a critical link range less than which the SNR decreases for larger values of M.     

Towards Maximum Likelihood Soft Decision Decoding of the (255,239) Reed Solomon Code

In this paper, an efficient method to improve the performance of the box and matching algorithm (BMA) is presented. By constructing a control band which is error free with high probability, we enhance the matching capability of the BMA. More precisely, the performance of BMA of order (i+1) is nearly achieved with a linear increase in complexity and no increase in memory with respect to BMA of order i. Simulation results show that the performance of the enhanced BMA with a finite number of random biasing iterations for the decoding of the RS(255,239) code is about 0.1 dB away from that of maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) at the word error rate (WER) 10^-3. A tight performance analysis is derived based on the theory of order statistics for this new approach.     

基于OFDM的大气激光通信湍流抑制关键技术研究

文章在分析无线激光通信(FSO)存在两种主要的大气信道问题的基础上,针对激光大气信道问题尤其是在复杂湍流环境下的频率选择性衰落问题和多径效应问题,提出了基于正交频分复用(OFDM)的湍流效应抑制方法,构建了FSO-OFDM系统,研究了该系统的基带模型以及信号的多载波调制与解调方法。分析了无线激光通信中存在复杂湍流环境下的大气信道问题,讨论了大气湍流影响下的平面波激光通信系统模型,建立了大气湍流影响下对数正态湍流通道的高斯光束空间光通信系统模型,推导了光波强度的概率密度函数,研究了利用信噪比概率密度函数分析各种大气湍流效应对系统性能影响的方法;设计了无线光通信系统的OFDM多载波调制方案,构建了FSO-OFDM系统基带模式模型,并基于该模型研究了其信号的调制与解调原理。最后,采用MATLAB编程实现FSO-OFDM系统,对多径干扰下的FSO通信系统进行仿真实验,进行了不同保护间隔下的误码率特性实验,验证了FSO-OFDM系统具有很强的抗多径干扰和频谱选择性衰落能力以及良好的BER性能,可有效解决码间干扰大、链路不可靠的问题,具有非常广泛的应用前景和使用价值。     

Performance of differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) with concatenated coding over optical wireless communications [optical wireless communications]

The concatenation of marker and Reed-Solomon codes in order to correct insertion/ deletion errors in differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) over optical wireless communications is presented. The concatenated code decoding algorithms with hard-decision and soft-decision detection are presented. The performance of the hard-decision coded DPPM system is evaluated over both nondispersive and dispersive channels via analysis and simulation. It is shown that the coding gain provided by the concatenated code is approximately 4 dB when the code rate is about 0.7 and the channel is nondispersive. Over a dispersive channel, the coded system performs better than the uncoded system when the ratio of delay spread to bit duration is not high. A soft-decision detector is employed to combat intersymbol interference. The soft- decision decoding algorithm, which has low complexity and can be practically implemented, is described. The performance over nondispersive and dispersive channels is evaluated by analysis and simulation. It is shown that the soft-decision system requires approximately 2 dB less transmit power than the hard-decision system for additive white Gaussian noise and low-dispersive channels. Soft decoding also provides a performance improvement in high-dispersive channels.     

Performance of a laser microsatellite network with an optical preamplifier

Laser satellite communication (LSC) uses free space as a propagation medium for various applications, such as intersatellite communication or satellite networking. An LSC system includes a laser transmitter and an optical receiver. For communication to occur, the line of sight of the transmitter and the receiver must be aligned. However, mechanical vibration and electronic noise in the control system reduce alignment between the transmitter laser beam and the receiver field of view (FOV), which results in pointing errors. The outcome of pointing errors is fading of the received signal, which leads to impaired link performance. An LSC system is considered in which the optical preamplifier is incorporated into the receiver, and a bit error probability (BEP) model is derived that takes into account the statistics of the pointing error as well as the optical amplifier and communication system parameters. The model and the numerical calculation results indicate that random pointing errors of sigma(chi)2G > 0.05 penalize communication performance dramatically for all combinations of optical amplifier gains and noise figures that were calculated.     

Misalignment tolerance analysis of free-space optical interconnects via statistical methods

System-level packaging is one of the critical issues that need to be addressed for free space optical interconnections (FSOI) to become useful in desktop systems. The performance of FSOI, e.g., in terms of system bit-error rate, is greatly affected by misalignments in the optical system. Therefore tolerancing, i.e., the ability to analyze and predict the effects of misalignments in the system, is of prime importance to system designers. We introduce an approach in which we study the effects of optical misalignments and other tolerance factors using statistical methods. We use Monte Carlo simulations, design of the experiments, and regression techniques to fit a polynomial equation that expresses the relationship between the system performance and the tolerance factors. This prediction model can be used for design, cost optimization, and quality control purposes. In addition, we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine those tolerance variables that have the greatest effect on system performance.     

水声通信多通道最大似然联合均衡译码方法

水平阵是水声通信中常见的阵列接收形式,但垂直阵也有重要的应用场合。文章提出了一种适用于垂直阵的水声通信多通道最大似然联合均衡译码方法,相比现有仅在信道均衡中叠加各通道信号的多通道判决反馈均衡方法(Multichannel Decision Feedback Equalizer, M-DFE),该方法利用最大似然准则,在一体化联合均衡译码过程中融合空间多通道接收信息,将空间增益直接用于抵抗水声信道多途衰落和译码纠错,有效提升了水声通信的性能。仿真结果表明,在误码率同样达到10^-3的条件下,该方法所需信噪比相比M-DFE方法可下降2 dB。海上实验结果显示,在多种信道条件下,该方法实现正确译码的通信速率是M-DFE方法的1.25倍以上。     

偏振模色散对NRZ码和RZ码的40Gbit/s系统性能影响的仿真分析

偏振模色散(PMD)是进一步提高现有光纤通信系统单信道速率必须克服的障碍之一。本文基于已铺设光纤的典型值,针对偏振模色散对采用NRZ码和RZ码的40Gbit／s光纤通信系统的性能影响进行了分析与仿真。结果表明,考虑PMD的影响时,采用RZ码的系统并不一定比采用NRZ码的系统的传输性能好,而在占空比[0,1]之间存在一个最佳值,此时,高速系统受偏振模色散的影响最小。这对于研究、设计高速光纤通信系统时选择合适的码型和RZ码的占空比,具有重要的参考意义。