基于遗传算法的弯曲射线成像反演

介质体反演成像一直是困扰地球物理等领域的重要问题，尤其是它的计算速度、成像和稳定性等更是备受关注。首先简述了基于弯曲射线成像的基本原理，列出了反演的详细步骤，构建了用于反演的数学模型；然后提出了利用改进的遗传算法弯曲射线成像中的反演问题，并给出了改进的遗传算法步骤；最后给出了一个用改进的遗传算法成像的例子，同时为了突出该算法的优势，还把它与爬山法相比，从两者算法的本区别剖析了两者反演结果的差别，指出：正是遗传算法大规模的并行搜索以及杂交与变异的约束，导致了成像质量及速度的不同；通过它们的反演迭代运算曲线图可以看出，该算法有效地提高了成像的速度、质量和稳定性。     

改进纯追踪模型的农业机械地头转向控制方法

根据农业机械田间地头转向的特点,提出了一种基于改进纯追踪模型的农业机械地头转向控制方法。以简化二轮车作为运动学模型,使用直线组合进行地头转向路径规划,采用BP神经网络实现动态调节前视距离改进纯追踪算法,用该算法进行路径跟踪,实现地头转向动作。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果表明,该基于改进纯追踪模型的农业机械地头转向控制方法路径规划简单、占用空间小、跟踪精度较高。     

基于梯度追踪的MIMO-OFDM稀疏信道估计算法

现有的压缩感知MIMO-OFDM信道估计方法多采用正交匹配追踪算法及其改进的算法。针对该类算法重构大规模的数据存在计算复杂度高、存储量大等问题,提出了基于梯度追踪算法的MIMO-OFDM 稀疏信道估计方法。梯度追踪算法采用最速下降法对目标函数解最优解,即每步迭代时计算目标函数的搜索方向和搜索步长,并以此选择原子得到每次迭代重构值的最优解。本文使用梯度追踪算法对信道进行估计,并与传统的最小二乘估计算法、正交匹配追踪算法的性能和计算复杂度进行比较。仿真结果表明,梯度追踪算法能够保证较好的估计效果,减少了导频开销,降低了运算复杂度,提高了重构效率。     

一种基于空间剖分的射线追踪算法的研究

传统的射线追踪算法中都需要对射线和传播环境的物体进行相交测试,这样会浪费大量的时间,效率不高。因此提出一种基于空间剖分的射线追踪算法,其中心思想为建立传播环境进行几何模型,利用剖分软件(如Gmsh)去除物体所占有的空间后剖分传播环境,连立点、线、面、体之间的几何关系,再利用射线和剖分后的子单元的几何关系确定射线的传播路径。     

基于回溯思想的多面体面追踪算法

多面体面追踪算法能有效求解基追踪算法(BP)的对偶问题,但是算法一步只能选择一个原子,算法效率比较低.为解决上述问题,采用回溯迭代的思想对多面体面追踪算法进行改进,改进后的稀疏度自适应的多面体面追踪算法一步可以选择多个原子,同时利用回溯思想将可信度较低的原子删除,不但提高了算法的速度和重构的精度,而且实现了对信号稀疏度的自适应.通过仿真证明改进后的多面体面追踪算法的重构效率明显优于多面体面追踪算法,而且重构时间明显降低.     

改进的压缩采样匹配追踪算法

针对压缩采样匹配追踪( CoSaMP)算法重构精度相对较差的问题,为了提高算法的重构性能,提出了一种基于伪逆处理改进的压缩采样匹配追踪( MCoSaMP)算法。首先,在迭代前,对观测矩阵进行伪逆处理,以此来降低原子间的相干性,从而提高原子选择的准确性;然后,结合正交匹配追踪算法( OMP),将OMP算法迭代K次后的原子和残差作为CoSaMP算法的输入;最后,每次迭代后,通过判断残差是否小于预设阈值来决定算法是否终止。实验结果表明,无论是对一维高斯随机信号还是二维图像信号,MCoSaMP算法的重构效果优于CoSaMP算法,能够在观测值相对较少的情况下,实现信号的精确重构。     

基于GPU平台的联合迭代重构算法加速

电子断层三维重构技术(Electron Tomography,ET)是在纳米尺度下研究不具有全同性的细胞或大分子三维结构的重要方法。迭代重构法是ET中重构效果最好的方法,但是其性能较差,重构大尺寸图像时需要数天的时间甚至更长,使其应用受到限制。迭代重构法中经典的方法是代数重构法(Algebraic Reconstruction Technique,ART)和联合迭代重构法(Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique,SIRT),SIRT算法总是收敛的并且比ART重构的效果更好。利用CUDA语言设计和实现了基于Tesla C1060GPU平台上的并行SIRT重构算法,并利用存储器合并访问、常量存储器、共享存储器等优化技术对并行算法进行优化,优化后的SIRT并行算法在Tesla C1060GPU平台上的最大加速比是Intel i7 920CPU上的串行算法的47倍,并且重构的质量没有任何下降。     

基于免疫匹配追踪的语音稀疏分解算法

针对标准匹配追踪(MP)算法在寻找最佳原子时计算量大的问题,提出一种基于免疫匹配追踪(IA-MP)的语音稀疏分解算法。该算法采用免疫克隆优化机制搜索最佳原子,利用抗体的种群规模控制冗余字典的大小,选择实数交叉与非均匀变异方法保证字典的完备性。仿真实验结果表明,与标准MP算法和遗传匹配算法相比,IA-MP算法可明显降低匹配追踪的计算量,算法性能较稳定,利用该算法分解后的稀疏信号具有较高的重构精度。     

自适应回声对消的初期迭代统计学模型及改进算法

为减少滤波器长度,提出自适应滤波算法初期迭代统计学模型及改进的回声消除算法。提出的统计学模型分析了自适应算法迭代初期滤波器各系数的均值和方差。基于该模型提出的改进算法,先检测回声路径峰值,进而确定回声路径延时,然后以延时为中心,用一个短的滤波器辨识原回声路径活跃系数部分。用实际回声路径进行仿真,理论和实验结果均表明,新算法在迭代的前75～100步已可准确检测回声路径峰值并确定延时;而减少滤波器长度,可大幅提高自适应算法收敛速度并降低算法计算复杂度。     

基于双阈值的压缩采样匹配追踪改进算法

针对基于压缩感知的压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法迭代次数严重依赖于信号稀疏度,候选原子冗余度大,从而导致最终的支撑原子集选择时间长、选择精度低等问题,提出一种基于双阈值的压缩采样匹配追踪算法.该算法利用模糊阈值进行支撑集候选原子的选择,引入残差与观测矩阵的相关度变化阈值作为迭代停止条件,对图像进行重构.仿真实验表明,所提出的算法重构速度快,重构效果优于CoSaMP算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。