蛹虫草银杏叶保健饮料的研制

以蛹虫草和银杏叶为原料,以木糖醇、柠檬酸、蜂蜜为调味剂,羧甲基纤维素钠作为稳定剂,研制蛹虫草银杏叶保健饮料。通过正交试验设计和感官品质评价,确定了该保健饮料的最佳配方为蛹虫草和银杏叶浸提液体积比为1∶3,木糖醇的添加量为40 g/L、柠檬酸的添加量为0.4 g/L、蜂蜜的添加量为20 g/L、羧甲基纤维素钠的添加量为3 g/L。经过有效成分含量检测结果表明,该保健饮料中虫草素及总黄酮含量分别为0.01 mg/L和12.0 mg/L。该饮料保健性能突出、口感协调、有效成分含量稳定、质量符合相关标准。     

柿子叶黄酮保健饮料的研制

采用水浸提法提取柿子叶中的黄酮类物质,以浸提液、白砂糖、柠檬酸、抗氧化剂为主要原料,调配研制新型保健饮料。采用单因素实验和正交试验优化了柿子叶黄酮水浸提工艺和饮料的工艺配方。结果表明柿子叶黄酮的最佳浸提工艺为:料液比1:15,浸提时间2.5h,浸提温度80℃,粉碎粒度100目;饮料的最佳配方为:浸提液用量40mL,白砂糖9g,柠檬酸0.060g,抗氧化剂0.040g,加入饮用水至100mL。在此配方下柿子叶保健饮料的功能性成分总黄酮含量为12mg/100mL。     

浙贝母花-宁海白枇杷花保健饮料的研制及其止咳作用

以浙贝母花和宁海白枇杷花为原料,研制保健饮料并评价其止咳功能。通过正交设计,确定浙贝母花最佳提取工艺为加12倍量水,提取时间2 h,提取3次;宁海白枇杷花最佳提取工艺为加9倍量水,提取时间1.5 h,提取1次。通过正交设计和感官品质评价,确定保健饮料的最佳配方为:浙贝母花提取液160 g/L,宁海白枇杷花提取物40 g/L,木糖醇40 g/L、柠檬酸0.5 g/L、蜂蜜35 g/L和果胶3 g/L。经测定,饮料中总生物碱含量为0.12 mg/mL,总黄酮含量为0.40 mg/mL,各项指标均符合相关规定。采用小鼠氨水引咳实验和豚鼠枸橼酸引咳实验对产品的止咳功能进行评价,表明其有显著的止咳作用(p<0.05)。该饮料保健性能突出、风味独特、质量符合相关标准,可用于咳嗽类疾病的辅助治疗。     

鲢鱼鳞胶原蛋白饮料的研制

通过对鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取,用提取液制作饮料。用胃蛋白酶提取胶原蛋白并进行氨基酸成分分析,对提取的胶原蛋白液分别进行脱腥、纯化;进行饮料的调配,用正交试验来确定胶原蛋白提取的最佳工艺配方与最佳工艺配方调配饮料。结果表明：最佳提取条件为温度38℃、酶量30mg／g、pH=2、时间24h、酵母粉最佳用量2％。在进行饮料调配时,最佳工艺配方：果珍4g、胶原蛋白液15ml、白砂糖3g、柠檬酸0．3g。     

超声波辅助提取银杏叶中总黄酮的工艺优化

研究银杏叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。在对乙醇浓度、固液比与提取时间进行单因素试验的基础上,设计三因素三水平的L9(33)正交试验优化超声辅助乙醇提取银杏叶总黄酮的最佳提取条件。结果表明:银杏叶中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%、固液比1∶50(m∶V)与提取时间30min。通过差异性分析可知,乙醇浓度对总黄酮的提取率影响最大(P0.01),其次为固液比(P0.05),提取时间对其提取率影响最小(P0.05)。在最佳工艺条件下,银杏叶醇提物中的总黄酮提取量为8.075 mg/g,提取率为80.75%。     

枇杷花叶主要功能成分分步提取及其压片糖果工艺配方优化研究

目的:寻求合适工艺提取枇杷花叶中的总三萜酸、总黄酮、多糖,并研发枇杷花叶提取物压片糖果制备的最优配方工艺。方法:枇杷花、叶洗净烘干,用搅拌机粉碎、过筛,采用分步法提取花叶(1:1,g/g)中总三萜酸、总黄酮和多糖,以单因素实验法确定其合适的提取工艺参数;在单因素实验基础上,采用正交实验(L₉(3³))优化枇杷花叶提取物压片糖果的工艺配方。结果:总三萜酸提取的合适工艺为100%乙醇、料液比1:40(g/mL)、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间2 h,粗提物得率为1.6%;总黄酮提取的合适工艺为60%乙醇、料液比1:20(g/mL)、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间2 h,粗提物得率为17.9%;多糖水提的合适工艺为料液比1:15(g/mL)、提取温度80 ℃、提取时间2 h,粗提物得率为1.0%。枇杷花叶提取物压片糖果的最优配方为:枇杷花叶提取物(总三萜酸:总黄酮:多糖=2:18:1,g/g/g)0.2 g、填充剂(微晶纤维素:预胶化淀粉=1:1,g/g)7.5 g、调味剂(木糖醇:柠檬酸=50:1,g/g)5.0 g、硬脂酸镁1%。结论:文章所涉及的提取...     

白花蛇舌草保健饮料的研制

研究了白花蛇舌草保健饮料的生产工艺条件和最佳配方。试验结果表明,浸提白花蛇舌草的最佳工艺参数为:草水比例为1∶40,提取温度为90℃,浸提时间为5min。其饮料配方组成为:白花蛇舌草提取液94%,再加冰糖5%,1%蜂蜜和0.2%柠檬酸。     

银耳红枣保健饮料的加工工艺研究

本试验以灵宝大枣和银耳为主要原料,配以蜂蜜、白砂糖、柠檬酸等辅料加工制成复合保健饮料,通过单因素和正交试验得到银耳红枣保健饮料的最佳配方。最佳配方为:银耳汁40%、红枣汁20%、蜂蜜2%、复合稳定剂(羧甲基纤维素:黄原胶=1:1)0.10%、白砂糖5%、柠檬酸0.12%(以上均为质量百分比)。     

鲢鱼鳞胶原蛋白饮料的研制

对鱼鳞胶原蛋白进行提取,用提取液制作饮料。用胃蛋白酶提取胶原蛋白并进行氨基酸成分分析,对提取的胶原蛋白液分别进行脱腥、纯化,然后用于饮料的调配。用正交试验来确定胶原蛋白的最佳提取工艺和调配饮料的最佳配方。结果表明：最佳提取条件为温度38℃、酶量30mg／g、pH=2、时间24h、酵母粉最佳用量2％;在进行饮料调配时,最佳配方为：果珍4g、胶原蛋白液15ml、白砂糖3g、柠檬酸0．3g。     

积雪草保健饮料的研制

以积雪草为原料,采用正交试验研究对积雪草的浸提条件和调制配方进行优化选择.结果表明,积雪草最佳浸提条件为温度70 ℃、提取时间40 min、料液比1:80;积雪草保健饮料最佳调制配方为积雪草提取液30%、白砂糖10%、柠檬酸0.05%,可制得特色鲜明、功能突出、口感纯正的积雪草保健饮料.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the