Zr-B2O3-Mg体系自蔓延高温合成ZrB2陶瓷粉末

采用自蔓延高温合成(self-propagating high-temperature synthesis,SHS)技术研究了Zr-B2O3-Mg体系反应原料的不同粒度和掺量对反应产物的影响规律,并制备了ZrB2陶瓷粉末。用XRD对材料的相组成进行了分析;精确的相组成由化学分析测定;燃烧温度由SHS研究装置测量;材料的显微结构由SEM观察。XRD分析和燃烧温度曲线表明：50μmZr粉和Mg过量15％(摩尔分数)的反应体系是最理想的反应体系。SEM分析表明;SHS产物晶粒粒径为2～5gm左右．而酸洗产物晶粒粒径为0．5～2μm左右。化学分析表明：酸洗产物中含有ZrB2(94．59％,质量分数,下同),ZrO2(3．87％),H3BO3(1．54％)。     

自蔓延高温技术制备ZrC粉体(英文)

采用自蔓延高温合成(self-propagating high-temperature synthesis,SHS)技术,以 Zr+C 为反应体系合成了 ZrC 粉末。研究了实验参数对 SHS过程中点火电流、燃烧温度的影响。采用了 3 种碳源,研究了其对最终产物形貌及化学组成的影响。通过添加不同含量的 NaCl 作为 SHS 稀释剂,控制产物粒径及形貌。结果表明:炭黑是高温自蔓延法制备 ZrC 粉体的最佳碳源。由该体系制备的 ZrC 粉末粒径在 0.5～1 μm之间,氧含量为 0.38%。随稀释剂 NaCl 含量增加,体系燃烧温度降低,产物粒径减小。当 NaCl 含量为 30% (质量分数)时,体系燃烧温度下降至 1 810 K,产物 ZrC 粉末的粒径减小至 50 nm。     

硅粉在高压氮气中自蔓延燃烧合成氮化硅

本文对硅粉在高压氮气中的自蔓延燃烧合成(SHS)氮化硅粉末的行为进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)在遥当条件下,硅粉在SHS过程中可以完全氮化,生成氮化硅,产物含氮量高,含氧量低,但为β相;(2)在硅粉SHS反应中,必须加入适量的Si_3N_4晶种;(3)硅的SHS燃烧波传播速度随氮气压力升高、反应物填装密度减小而增大,但与反应物组成和样品直径无关;(4)燃烧波温度随氮气压力升高、样品直径增大而升高,与反应物组成和填装密度无关。此外本文对产物形貌与上述各实验因素的关系也进行了研究。     

沉淀法合成HA粉末过程中球磨处理的作用

采用Ca(OH)2/H3PO4体系的化学沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石粉末,并对反应产物进行球磨处理,以促进合成反应的进行。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末粒度分析等测试方法对HA的组成、晶化过程、颗粒形貌和粒度分布进行表征。研究结果表明,增加球磨处理后得到粉末的XRD图中β-TCP和CaO峰消失,煅烧过程中粉末更易发生晶化,粉末粒度分布变窄,集中在0.3μm～0.5μm。因此球磨处理促进Ca(OH)2/H3PO4体系液固反应进行的程度,提高了羟基磷灰石粉末的纯度,减小粉末粒度并缩小其粒度分布范围。     

ZrO2纤维模板自蔓延高温合成ZrB2/Al2O3复合粉

ZrB2纤维或含ZrB2纤维复合粉的制备对于发展纤维增强超高温结构陶瓷基复合材料具有重要的意义.以ZrO2纤维、B2O3和Al粉为原料,通过自蔓延高温合成法制备了含ZrB2纤维的ZrB2/Al2O3复合粉.通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱,对产物的相组成、微观形貌及化学组成进行了分析表征,用差示扫描量热-热重分析研究了原料混合粉在加热过程中的反应过程.研究了氩气压力对燃烧合成产物的物相组成及ZrB2纤维结构的影响,重点分析了产物中ZrB2的存在状态.结果表明:氩气压力为1.5 MPa下,产物相组成为ZrB2和Al2O3.部分ZrB2以ZrO2纤维为模板形成ZrB2纤维;部分ZrB2以颗粒形式分散在ZrB2/Al2O3复合粉中.生成的ZrB2纤维,表面粗糙,结构较为完整,直径约为10 μm.     

高能球磨法制备ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体

以金属Al粉(w(Al)=99%,粒度≤45μm)、ZrO2粉(w(ZrO2)=99%,粒度≤3.5μm)和B2O3粉(w(B2O3)=98%,粒度≤5μm)为原料,按n(Al)∶n(ZrO2)∶n(B2O3)=10∶3∶3混合后装入高能球磨罐中,在氩气保护条件下以560r.min-1的转速球磨2h后,取样进行XRD和SEM分析。结果表明:采用金属Al粉、ZrO2和B2O3为原料,在2h的较短时间内经高能球磨合成ZrB2-Al2O3复合粉体,其合成机理为机械碰撞诱发的自蔓延反应;所得到的复合粉体中,ZrB2为微米级,Al2O3为纳米级。     

碳热还原法合成硼化锆粉体影响因素探究

以氧化锆(ZrO2)、硼酸(H3 BO3)和碳(C)粉为原料,研究了不同碳粉(活性炭、石墨)与前驱体粒度、温度及保温时间对碳热还原法制备硼化锆(ZrB2)粉体的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析合成粉体物相,扫描电镜(SEM)观察合成粉体形貌,并通过化学方法分析了合成粉体中的C、O含量.结果表明:以活性炭为碳源合成的粉体形貌呈条棒状,以石墨为碳源合成的粉体形貌呈规则的块状;合成粉体的粒度随前驱体粒度减小而减小,形貌由规则的块状逐渐转变为圆滑的不规则形貌,合成ZrB2粉体最小平均粒度约为1.69μm,产物中C含量随前驱体粒度减小而减少,O含量随前驱体粒度减小而增加,氧含量最低为0.54wt％;碳热还原法合成ZrB2粉体在1500℃下是可行的,但直到1900℃碳热还原反应合成ZrB2才进行完全;碳热还原反应合成ZrB2粉体最佳的反应条件为1900℃保温30 min.     

超细硼化锆粉体制备过程中的影响因素探究

探究了溶胶-凝胶协同碳热还原反应制备超细ZrB2粉体中Zr4+与柠檬酸的配比r、溶胶-凝胶温度T、体系pH值和分散剂含量c对ZrB2前驱体及热解产物的影响.并采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、激光粒度仪、场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜对ZrB2前驱体及热解产物进行表征和分析.结果表明:r=2,pH=4为柠檬酸和Zr4+发生络合反应的最佳条件;当T=50℃时,产物基本为球形或类球形,且粒度分布均匀;聚乙二醇除分散作用外,还能够对溶胶中团簇的交联起到“导向”作用,使热解后的晶粒排列有序,当c=2％时,可获得分散性好、尺寸均匀的产物.     

溶胶--凝胶碳热还原法制备硼化锆超细粉体

以氧氯化锆、硼酸、葡萄糖等为原料,在柠檬酸和乙二醇的螯合作用下,采用溶胶--凝胶、碳热还原工艺合成了ZrB2超细粉体。研究了原料配比及合成温度对合成超细粉体的影响。结果表明:不同的B/Zr及C/Zr摩尔比显著影响ZrB2超细粉体的合成,其最佳摩尔比为:n(B)/n(Zr)=2.5,n(C)/n(Zr)=6.5;当热处理温度为1 773K时能够合成纯相的ZrB2超细粉体;1 773K保温2h条件下合成的ZrB2超细粉体的颗粒尺寸为1~2μm,晶粒尺寸为55nm。     

La1-xSrxMnO3复合氧化物粉末的自蔓延高温合成

采用自蔓延高温合成法合成La1-xSrxMnO3复合氧化物粉末，粉末颗粒分布均匀，尺寸在23μm之间，研究了该体系原料的最佳配比以及稀释剂和退火温度对产物颗粒的影响，同时讨论了燃烧温度和燃烧速度与体系中Mn含量之间的关系。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。