风景园林视角下的南粤古驿道规划设计研究

游径系统一直是广东城乡规划建设的亮点,也是推动高质量发展与高水平保护的重要手段。以广东省绿道建设和古驿道建设为例,通过厘清两类游径的缘起和作用,总结风景园林专业力量在绿道建设实施过程中形成的风景园林遗产保护、大地景观规划、园林与景观设计、园林工程与技术、园林植物应用、景观生态学等专业设计之"道",提出在南粤古驿道建设的大背景下,风景园林人应充分发挥风景园林专业优势,以"道"传"道",将绿道专业设计之"道"传承到南粤古驿道建设中去,推动南粤古驿道建设高质量发展,同时为风景园林专业设计人员以南粤古驿道为载体进行景观创作提供路径与方法。     

International greenways: a Red River Valley case study

Building and preserving a network of greenways can be an intricate activity requiring interdisciplinary collaboration. Greenway segments often require local input and participation. In addition, greenways are not necessarily generic open spaces, but can be managed structurally to fulfill specific spatial and temporal requirements. This paper describes local activities in the Fargo (North Dakota)-Moorhead (Minnesota) metropolitan area related to preserving and embellishing the greenway focused around the Red River Valley of the North. This greenway is part of a larger Western Hemisphere greenway, composed of riparian corridors operating as wildlife habitat migration flyways and as resident wildlife habitat. Local activities include demonstration gardens, comprehensive corridor planning, habitat analysis, and revegetation studies. From 1985 to 1990, four spatial treatment investigations were completed, one spatial planning study was prepared, and five demonstration gardens were built. The spatial treatment investigations revealed that the wildlife occupying the greenway could be divided into four habitat-use dimensions, suggesting four important habitat associations for the greenway. The study also revealed three distinct vegetation zones for re-establishing herbaceous vegetation in non-wooded planting conditions. In addition, one experiment indicated that replanting the disturbed woodland corridor was not influenced by seedling size and that Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings were highly successful at surviving in a gap opening within the forest corridor. In the last experiment, a seeding application rate study indicated that seeding rates three times higher than recommended rates resulted in improved vegetation cover of non-wooded herbaceous vegetation planting sites. The spatial planning study illustrated landscape patterns for the greenway composed of a continuous tree canopy corridor, augmented by herbaceous vegetation patches, food plots, and snags. To build and manage the greenway, this investigation reaffirms the importance of multi-disciplinary collaboration, local participation, and the potential individualistic structure of a greenway. The study suggests that both broad landscape planning visions and detailed site endeavors are necessary to understand and manage the greenway successfully.     

城市文化资本的挖掘与提升——上海市宝山绿色步道规划设计

以城市文化资本的挖掘和提升为主线,阐述上海市宝山绿色步道规划设计过程中城区风貌资源调查与空间文化特色分析、绿色步道选线规划、区段文化主题定位与分期建设、绿色步道详细设计等核心环节。建设实践表明:城市风貌是城市文化资本的重要载体,兼具大众游憩和文化展示功能的上海市宝山绿色步道建设不仅提升城市形象,改善生态环境,而且进一步整合和积累城市文化资本,促进城市和谐发展。     

基于地域文化的滨水绿道景观设计初探

从绿道和地域文化的内涵出发,分析了地域文化对于景观的影响因素,阐述了体现地域文化的滨水绿道景观设计原则,对滨水绿道中实施地域文化特色的营造手法进行了探讨,以供参考。     

Greenway Planning Context in Istanbul-Haliç: A Compulsory Intervention into the Historical Green Corridors of Golden Horn

In the last two decades, planners and landscape architects have been concerned with the open space planning concept called ‘greenway planning’. This approach aims at nature protection that balances both conservation and growth, creating livable environments and maintaining open spaces. In Istanbul, the functional and spatial connectivity of greenways can protect the local landscape against urbanization and population growth problems. This study aimed to emphasize the natural and cultural heritage in an ecologically based planning approach. After taking into consideration the current greenway planning process in Europe and America, a planning strategy was determined for Haliç reflecting all characteristics of Istanbul and possibly representing the first greenway example in the city. Haliç was degraded by industrialization, urbanization, migration and inappropriate land use plans through the ages and existing greenway corridors had disappeared. As a result, current greenway planning strategies were foreseen as a solution to prevent threats to heritage and re-emphasize the lost identity of Haliç. It was emphasized as the starting point of a greenway plan that could be applied for Istanbul in general.     

福州市绿地景观的绿道功能分析

利用景观连接度的方法对福州市绿地景观绿道功能进行定量分析,针对福州市绿地景观连接性较弱的现状提出了规划建议。     

Greenways planning in Italy: the Lambro River Valley Greenways System

The greenways movement in Europe developed differently to its counterpart in the USA, influenced by geographical, economic and cultural differences as well as differences in social and urban development.Europe has seen a discontinuous and fragmented process, diversified in the various countries. The explosion of the greenway concept in Europe is a very recent phenomenon: the European Greenways Association and the Italian Greenways Association both date back only as far as 1998. Clearly, before this date the European countries did see a degree of activity both cultural and operational, but it is equally clear that there was a lack of commonality. Specifically, greenway planning in Italy while on the one hand work has been underway on green trails for many years, on the other there is a clear lack of methodology that allows for the planning of a broader network.This paper has two objectives; firstly to define a methodology useful for greenways planning in Italy at regional level, and secondly, to demonstrate the application of this methodology to a case study.The methodology adopted derives from an approach to planning inspired principally by the work of Ian McHarg and Julius Fabos and already applied by the authors to protected areas in Italy. The methodology is structured in four phases: analysis of the landscape resources, the existing green trail and historical route networks; assessment of each element; composite assessment; and definition of the Greenways Plan.A case study for the Lambro River Valley Park is used to illustrate the methodology proposed. The park comprises the municipalities situated along the Lambro River to the north of Milan. This is densely inhabited land and features multiple human activities located within a context conserving residual elements of naturalistic, landscape and historical–cultural interest. The application of the methodology to the Lambro River Valley Park allowed the development of a greenways network incorporating the existing network of green trails: 80% of the network is, in fact, already in place. The methodology also proved to be useful in the definition of a network dedicated to non-motorized traffic capable of connecting the numerous urban centres with the many resources present in the area.     

城市河谷景观规划设计探析——以拉萨河河谷景观设计为例

城市河谷景观包括谷底与谷坡景观.城市河谷景观设计应通过对不同河谷景观主要构成要素、设计对象的详细分析,结合城市安全、自然野趣,生态和谐,视觉愉悦,利于亲水,文化底蕴等6个方面进行具体设计.拉萨河河谷城区段景观设计通过深入分析不同季节的水位状况,对河谷断面进行选择性干扰,采用水景观改善、湿地景观改善、高滩绿地改善、沙地景...     

Using visual assessment as a foundation for greenway planning in the St. Lawrence River Valley

The growth of the ‘greenway’ as a fundamental planning concept has provided guidance for many communities locally and around the world. In the St. Lawrence River Valley, the idea is providing a common physical and cultural reference for the management of landscapes in communities along a 100 mile international corridor. Over the past 10 years, the College of Environmental Science and Forestry of the State University of New York has worked with the St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission to examine the unique visual and scenic resources of the region as the foundation for establishing a greenway tracing the St. Lawrence River. Although the idea of a greenway in the St. Lawrence River Valley is not new or unusual, the inventory and assessment of visual or scenic linear resources as a foundation is a departure from typical practice, and an experiment in defensible and rational planning. As a major summer tourism destination, the region is well aware of the critical value of its scenic resources. In our effort to identify and assess various vital resources for planning, we found an indicator in the visual nature of the landscape—both as a resource in and of itself, and as a reflection of the underlying values held by local communities for natural and cultural resources. This paper describes, as a case study, the process used to identify and assess visual and scenic resources in the region, and the use of the resulting database to initiate delineation of the proposed greenway. A discussion of the rationale and significance of the method is presented, including comments on the direction and progress in the region today.     

谈城市滨河景观设计

通过对广东省云浮市滨水区及其周边环境的现状调查研究,从蓝道(blueways)和绿道(greenways)两个理念出发进行分析和规划设计,针对城市滨河景观与其周边环境融合性问题,提出了一些解决对策,以完善城市滨河景观设计。     

基于ArcGIS的“登山观城”眺望景观 优化控制研究——以福州福道为例

：眺望景观的评价研究是城市景观规划设计的重要参 考，而福道的建设与以眺望景观优化为主要内容的城市风貌 导控有着直接联系。因此，在福州城市双修总体规划中“登山 观城”视廊建设的思路框架下，利用ArcGIS构建以福道所在 山体群为核心的城市区域三维场景模型，模拟“登山观城”的 视角对周边3个观测片区的可视域及建筑空间层次展开量化评 测，并根据量化评测数据提出以协调“城-景”边界为导向的 研究区眺望景观建筑高度控制方法。最后利用GIS进行眺望视 线控制基准模型的导控模拟，旨在为眺望景观优化控制领域的 研究进行补充，为相关规划设计决策提供参考，以及为景观可 视化研究提供技术支持。     

绿道在城镇空间优化中的作用——以深圳茅洲河流域为例

深圳茅洲河流域城镇用地布局不合理、自然空间建设不足,绿道在城镇空间中具有连接、隔离和缓冲作用,为城镇空间优化带来了契机。论文对流域进行规则式网格划分,将绿道介入网格形成生态廊道连接自然空间,通过绿道生成缓冲区隔离和缓冲城镇用地与自然斑块,并提出以网格为单元的空间优化策略。最后分析已建绿道在城镇空间中的作用,阐明未来绿道建设旨在实现不同类型绿道的无缝衔接,从而形成绿色交通网络来促进流域城镇空间的优化。     

Understanding opportunities and challenges for collaborative greenway planning in New England

Protection of natural, cultural, and recreational resources requires a regional approach to greenway planning that transcends political boundaries. Previous research on greenway planning has shown there are four main challenges in multi-jurisdictional greenway implementation: inter-governmental coordination, the lack of regional governance, funding, and public perceptions about greenways. The focus of this study was to understand successful strategies for collaborative greenway planning in the fragmented political landscape of New England (USA). To understand these issues, in-depth interviews were conducted with key greenway planners in New England from federal and state agencies and non-governmental organizations. The results of the study revealed four key strategies that are essential to multi-jurisdictional greenway planning in New England: partnerships, clearly defined goals, public involvement, and regional coordination. This study provides lessons for greenway planners who are implementing regional greenways across state, provincial, and international boundaries.     

基于生态恢复的新疆呼图壁天然河谷景观规划设计对策研究

洪水频发和由此引发的"重防洪工程,轻滨水景观"的倾向是呼图壁天然河谷景观规划设计中面临的两个主要问题,本文在"设计结合自然"思想指导下,受生态修复理论的启发,分析了呼图壁天然河谷的现状与问题,提出了与自然洪水过程相适应的景观规划设计对策,以达到修复河谷生态和营造城市景观的双重目的。     

高速铁路绿道规划设计探讨——以京沪高速铁路昆山段为例

高铁与其周边环境结合会形成不同的绿地类型.绿道是以自然植被和人工植被为主要存在形态的线状绿地.将高铁景观设计与绿道设计相结合,有助于形成整体性和系统性的高铁沿线景观,更好地维护城市开放空间体系.京沪高铁昆山段景观设计结合绿道概念及理论,从高铁绿道的规模设计、高铁绿道与周边用地空间的关系、高铁绿道设计的人文性等方面出发,...     

Planning an ecological network of Xiamen Island (China) using landscape metrics and network analysis

Most Chinese municipal governments and urban planners have attempted to conserve and create urban greenspace in response to rapid urbanization. It is a major task for urban landscape planners to construct an effective and harmonious urban ecological network and maintain a sustainable urban development environment. In this paper, the present situation and a recent greenway augment plan of Xiamen Island were assessed using a series of landscape metrics. The results showed that the recent greenway augment plan could improve the present greenway system considerably. The improvements were indicated by decrease in patch density, and increase in total class area and edge density on the patch level, landscape diversity, landscape evenness and landscape connectivity on the landscape level. On the basis of these analyses, a number of alternative planning scenarios were designed by using network analysis methods for improving the ecological network of Xiamen Island. An alternative planning scenario was proposed to decrease the degree of landscape fragmentation, increase the shape complexity of greenway patches and enhance the landscape connectivity. The results indicated that methods which integrate landscape metrics with network analyses could not only quantitatively assess the present situation and the rationality of planning for urban greenway systems, but also facilitate the design of planning scenarios for urban ecological networks, enabling them to meet the principles of conformity, harmony, circulation, safety, diversity and sustainability. The principles and methods of landscape ecology, and the greenway concepts that have originated in the West can be useful for Chinese landscape planning and can be applied to greenway development in China.     

华北地区浅山区绿道规划设计研究——以石家庄市鹿泉区山前大道绿道规划设计为例

随着华北地区山地城市的扩张,浅山区与城市发展关系密切,暴露出许多生态、经济等方面的问题,逐渐被纳入规划建设的范围内。浅山区绿道作为一种绿地系统中的线性景观空间,近年来在一些城市得到实践和运用,其生态修复、功能连接、景观延续、文化保护等方面的属性为解决城市问题提供可能。笔者针对华北地区浅山区绿道的规划设计方法进行分析与研究,首先总体分析浅山区的自然基址与城市的发展演变特征,得出浅山与城区的关系;其次结合绿道的功能特征与属性研究得出浅山区绿道的发展重要性与建设目标;最后以河北省石家庄市鹿泉区山前大道规划设计项目为例,阐述华北地区的浅山区绿道在生态、功能、景观、文化等方面的营建策略与设计成果。希望为相关浅山区绿道的研究与发展提供理论支撑与实践引导。     

The interactive landscape plan: Use and benefits of new technologies in landscape planning and discussion of the interactive landscape plan in Koenigslutter am Elm,Germany

The ways people perceive greenway trails in urban environments are not well studied. Trail layout and aspects of maintenance and design of trails in urban areas would benefit from better knowledge of how potential users perceive these places and what might encourage or discourage their use. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influence of aesthetic response dimensions on the likeability of greenway trail scenes in an urban environment. A web-based ‘virtual tour’ was used to elicit responses to scenes of urban greenway environments in downtown Houston and Austin, Texas, USA. The 211 subjects who participated in the study were selected from an undergraduate student population. Participants viewed the scenes and responded to the survey in a controlled computer laboratory. Perceptions of the greenways supported the aesthetic dimensions that Nasar has suggested for broader urban environments. Our analysis resulted in the identification of five dimensions of aesthetic response to the greenway scenes that were interpreted as: maintenance, distinctiveness, naturalness, pleasantness and arousal. These represented both cognitive and affective responses to the environment and all five dimensions were significant positive predictors of the likeability of greenway scenes. The dimension of pleasantness had the greatest influence on likeability and maintenance had the least. The implications of the findings for urban design related to greenway trails and future research are discussed.     

重庆市石柱县旅游走廊景观规划设计

以广义建筑学的视角并综合借鉴规划学、建筑学、景观生态学等领域的知识及相关理论,建立合理的规划设计构架,从宏观、中观及微观三个层面给予了规划控制和设计引导,以期共同探究出有关“旅游走廊”景观规划设计的方法。     

区域尺度下的传统村落景观安全格局构建 与保护策略研究——以云南腾冲为例

传统村落是乡村地区具有代表性的文化景观,构建 传统村落景观安全格局是生态文明建设背景下区域尺度传统村 落保护及可持续发展的重要途径。综合风景园林、城乡规划、 景观生态等学科理论和方法,以文化遗产安全、自然生态安 全和休闲游憩适宜为目标,运用GIS空间分析工具和最小累积 阻力模型,识别构成要素、建立网络体系,形成区域尺度下传 统村落景观安全的一种新研究范式,进而以腾冲市传统村落 集中连片区为例展开实证研究。结果表明：1)传统村落景观 安全格局包含节点、廊道、环境3个关键要素,并可划分为不 同的安全等级;2)通过节点识别、阻力面构建、廊道提取、 环境划分、优化与联系等步骤,建立由4级节点、2级廊道和 3级环境组成的腾冲传统村落景观安全格局;3)基于获得的景 观安全格局,提出对应“村落-廊道-区域”的分级、分区保护 策略。以期为中国传统村落集中连片保护提供参考,并为区域 性文化遗产及其相关自然和人工环境的保护提出解决方案。