湿法磷酸企业价值链分析与成本控制

针对中国磷矿日益贫化与短缺的现状、湿法磷酸企业产品成本控制管理落后的问题,以及湿法和热法磷酸竞争的日趋增强,指出了湿法磷酸企业控制和降低成本的紧迫性。依据价值链理论,结合湿法磷酸产业的特点,对湿法磷酸企业价值链(主要是生产作业链)进行了分析。通过对磷矿品位、副产物处理及再利用、原材料价格等因素对产品成本影响的阐述,找出了控制和降低成本的着眼点。并依据这些着眼点,提出了基于成本控制的湿法磷酸企业价值链优化的战略决策。     

中低品位磷矿脱镁技术研究进展

我国磷矿资源不断贫化,大多为难选的胶磷矿,含有大量镁杂质.磷矿石镁含量高会对湿法磷酸及后续磷产品的生产产生不利影响,因此开发磷矿高效脱镁技术是提高我国中低品位磷矿利用率的有效途径.为了更有效地开发利用我国高镁中低品位磷矿,介绍了我国磷矿脱镁技术的最新进展,综合评述了磷矿脱镁技术存在的问题,提出中低品位磷矿硝酸、硝酸钙、...     

大型二水湿法磷酸国产化反应槽技术优化及应用

随着磷矿开采年限的增长,矿藏日益枯竭,磷矿质量逐渐贫化,杂质不断增加,造成湿法磷酸装置生产能力和技术经济指标逐年下降.在现有成熟的国产化大型二水湿法磷酸装置建设的基础上,对新建磷酸装置的反应槽及搅拌桨进行了技术优化以适应矿种的变化,达到了增加产量、节能降耗的目的.     

创新和循环经济是磷化工发展的必由之路：Ⅵ．磷矿品位对WPA生产和技术经济指标的影响

通过计算阐述磷矿品位(优质矿、一等矿、合格矿和标矿)对湿法磷酸产量及技术经济指标的影响;磷矿中杂质对WPA生产及其深加工的危害。为了稳定WPA生产,获得好的经济效益,必须使用品位高、杂质含量低的磷矿作原料,认为合格品磷矿应通过选矿除去杂质方可用于湿法磷酸生产。     

磷矿杂质对湿法磷酸生产的影响及处理

介绍磷矿杂质对湿法磷酸装置生产能力和硫酸耗用量的影响,阐述Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO影响湿法磷酸密度和粘度的关系式,氟硅酸镁在湿法磷酸中的溶解度,浓缩至各个阶段杂质在湿法磷酸中所形成的继沉淀盐,以及其他杂质对湿法磷酸生产的危害,指出去除杂质的方法。     

磷酸生产技术及其发展方向

介绍了磷酸的用途和磷酸生产的工艺路线，着重介绍了湿法磷酸工艺中的盐酸法及溶剂萃取净化磷酸技术的开发状况，并就每一种方法的优缺点作了分析。通过对不同的生产方法进行比较。并结合我国磷矿日益贫化。地区分布不平衡。能源紧缺及环境保护的要求，作者认为溶剂萃取盐酸法工艺是今后磷酸生产的发展方向。     

湘潭磷矿利用低品位磷矿生产湿法磷酸工程

针对湘潭磷矿有限责任公司矿区低品位磷矿生产湿法磷酸工程,文章对生产湿法磷酸工程的研究目标、研究方法、技术路线和经济效益分析进行了详细的阐述.     

温度对二水物湿法磷酸生产萃取槽反应转化率影响探讨

为了解温度对二水湿法磷酸生产磷矿转化率的影响,通过计算、在实验室准确模拟萃取槽生产工况,探讨不同温度条件下温度对磷矿浆萃取槽生产转化率的影响,为准确地指导湿法磷酸的生产具有重要意义。     

茶店磷矿二水物石膏流程制湿法磷酸模拟试验总结

一、前言湿法磷酸是生产高效磷肥的重要原料。现在,生产湿法磷酸,一般采用高品位磷矿。我省磷矿资源丰富,但多属中低品位磷矿。因此,积极开展利用中低品位磷矿制取磷酸以供生产高效磷肥的研究工作,是一项支援农业的十分光荣而紧迫的任务。上海、宁夏、湖南等省市的科研单位以中低品位磷矿制湿法磷酸的试验研究,获得了较好的成果。为了充分利用我省磷矿资源,在兄弟省市科研单位研究成果的启示下,我们对本     

科技简讯

湿法磷酸中ＮＨ＋４对二水硫酸钙结晶的影响在湿法磷酸生产中,磷石膏的结晶形状和大小将直接影响其过滤性能。在用硫酸分解磷矿制取磷酸时,磷矿中的杂质大部分被溶解在磷酸溶液中。这些杂质影响了硫酸钙结晶过程,使磷石膏的过滤强度较低［一般为５００ｋｇ（干）／（ｍ...     

沙特某钙质磷矿不脱泥直接浮选的试验研究

用复合捕收剂对沙特某钙质磷矿石进行不经脱泥的直接浮选,一步反浮选后,精矿品位P2O5达32.57％,回收率为92.41％,达到设计要求,克服了原有捕收剂要求原矿脱泥处理后才能浮选的缺点.研究了磨矿细度、捕收剂用量、表面活性剂用量及选矿废水循环利用对浮选指标的影响.     

磷块岩薄片的磨制方法

为解决磷块岩的浮选难题,需对其进行工艺矿物学研究,磨制矿石薄片是必不可少的环节。介绍磷块岩薄片的制备流程,包括切片、粘片前的磨片、粘片、粘片后的磨片、覆盖盖玻片、后期处理,为同行提供借鉴。     

配矿生产DAP的实践和研究（待续）

单一的海口擦洗磷矿生产DAP产品质量优异，但企业经济效益差，探索了以降低成本，提高效益为主题。搀配其他磷矿生产一等品DAP的实践，介绍了配矿前后过滤、浓缩、磷铵三系统的生产运行、工艺指标控制，产品质量控制，产量提高和原料消耗降低等情况，并对配矿生产DAP所获得的经济效益和了评估，实践表明，开车率提高，原料消耗降低，成本大幅度下降，企业经济效益显著，扩大搀配矿用量，如何稳定产品色泽有待继续探索。     

氟对硝酸磷肥生产的影响

介绍在硝酸分解磷矿生产硝酸磷肥的过程中 ,杂质氟对酸不溶物过滤、硝酸钙结晶及过滤、母液的氨中和及料浆蒸发过程的影响。由于氟的存在使物料粘度增加 ,结晶细小 ,过滤变得困难。目前还没有除去液相中氟的成熟方法 ,该公司是采取精料政策及一些工艺措施使生产基本能正常运行。     

Partial acidulation of an ‘unground’ phosphate rock: I. Preparation and characteristics

Partially acidulated phosphate rocks were prepared from unground North Carolina phsophate rock and H₃PO₄ by (i) mixing phosphate rock with the requisite amount of H₃PO₄, (ii) mixing with a portion of the acid followed by adding the remaining acid during granulation and (iii) single-step acidulation and granulation. The degrees of acidulation were 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Only 20% and 30% acidulations were done by method (iii). The phosphate rock granulated readily on addition of H₃PO₄ either as in method (ii) or (iii) and the products did not need external drying before storage. The citric and water soluble P showed that from the viewpoint of acid-phosphate rock interaction all three methods of preparation were satisfactory. The granules were equally strong as or stronger than commercially available single or triple superphosphate samples tested. The percent degradation on abrasion was less than 4% compared to about 8% for superphosphate and 0.4% for triple superphosphate. A sand incubation study suggested an interaction in the partially acidulated phosphate rock between the monocalcium phosphate component and unreacted phosphate rock which initially increased the solubility of P.     

Summary of research on soil testing for rock phosphate fertilizers in Western Australia

The relationship between plant yield and values of soils tests for phosphorus (P) was studied in long-term field experiments in south-western Australia for soil previously fertilized with rock phosphate and superphosphate. The rock phosphates studied were: Queensland (Duchess) apatite rock phosphate; reactive apatite rock phosphate from North Carolina; and rock phosphate from Christmas Island (as either C-grade ore or Calciphos). The P fertilizers were applied once only at the start of each experiment, and in subsequent years, soil samples were collected in January-March to measure soil test values. These were compared with plant yields measured later on in that year. The Colwell alkaline bicarbonate soil test was used in all years in all experiments. Olsen, Bray, lactate and Troug tests were used in some years in some experiments. For all soil tests the relationships between yield and soil test values was generally different for rock phosphate and superphosphate. For a given source of P, none of the different soil test reagents was significantly superior for predicting plant yields. The relationship between yield and soil test value was also generally different for different plant species. At one site cultivation was included as a treatment and the relationship varied depending on the cultivation treatment of the topsoil before sowing oats (Avena sativa). The relationship between yield and soil test also differed between years.     

Innovations in beneficiation technology for low grade phosphate rocks

As high grade deposits of phosphate rock are being depleted day by day in the world, future sources will be derived from low grade rocks containing various impurities. Low grade phosphate rocks are not suitable for direct use in acidulation plants unless their tricalcium phosphate (TCP) content is increased to 70% or more, using conventional methods such as crushing, screening, and drying, or some other physical separation process which include washing and desliming. Other special beneficiation techniques may also be applied, such as calcination, flotation and leaching before taking it as feed for the phosphatic industry.Most of the phosphate rocks are of sedimentary origin with low grade phosphate elements and higher levels of impurities. The first challenge to phosphate industry is the reduction of impurities in rock so that it is suitable for the production of phosphatic fertilizers to meet the increasing demand for phosphate and to cover the depletion of more amenable reserves in the world. This article addresses itself to this challenge: it considers the beneficiation methods for low grade phosphate rocks.     

创新和循环经济是磷化工发展的必由之路：Ⅰ.黄磷尾气的综合利用与粉状磷矿的烧结技术

阐述磷化工产业发展现状及方向;黄磷生产尾气的综合利用现状,净化CO应优先开发的产品;黄磷生产用矿现状及粉矿烧结技术。计算了全部用块矿、全部用磨粉烧结矿、块矿与烧结矿按一定比例搭配的原料矿成本。并介绍了伍德烧结技术的改进,可使原料矿的成本进一步降低。在磷矿资源日趋贫化、枯竭,矿、电价格不断上涨的今天,磷化工企业必须开发使用新烧结技术。     

人工添加剂对磷矿反应特性的影响

采用单因素实验研究了人工添加盐类及氧化物在磷矿萃取过程中对磷矿反应特性的影响，研究不同的人工配矿比例的反应模式。通过电子扫描电镜观察硫酸钙结晶形态，并分析其影响机理，得到了各因素对磷矿分解率和五氧化二磷收率影响的规律。实验表明对于该磷矿，镁的存在对磷矿的分解影响很大，镁对磷矿分解来说是有害的；人工添加的铁铝对磷矿分解的影响与镁不同，当铁铝的含量控制在一定的范围内时，对磷矿的分解是有利的；微量离子态的铜的存在有利于磷矿的分解和硫酸钙的结晶。为人工配矿及中低品位磷矿的应用提供了理论基础。     

世界磷矿资源形势分析

磷矿是重要的非金属矿资源,主要分布在非洲、北美、南美、亚洲及中东地区。近年受需求拉动,全球磷矿石产量逐年增加,2006年,中国取代美国成为最大的磷矿石生产国。据统计,全球90%的磷矿石用于生产磷肥,亚洲及南美洲的发展中国家将成为磷矿石的重要消费国。以目前全球磷矿生产能力及保有资源量估算,世界磷矿能满足99年的需求。我国富矿石保有量不足,且开发利用过程存在一些问题,为此提出了相应的应对措施。