高强度低密度大模量非晶态Al—Li合金

利用单辊快速凝固装置制备出高强度，低密度，大模量的非晶态Ａｌ６１Ｌｉ２．５Ｙ２５Ｎｉ１１．５（ｗｔ－％）合金，其最大拉伸断裂强度，显微硬度和弹性模量分别为１０３９ＭＰａ，４８８ＤＰＮ和９８．７ＧＰａ，与同成分的晶态合金相比，具有较高的电极电位，较宽的电压钝化区，其腐蚀抗力为晶态合金的７倍。在恒加热速率的晶化过程中出现４个晶化峰，晶化激活能的计算表明，Ａｌ６１Ｌｉ２．５Ｙ２５Ｎｉ１１．５非晶合金的晶     

共沉淀法制备Al_2O_3-YAG复相陶瓷及其显微结构研究

用共沉淀法制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体,ＹＡＧ的结晶温度在１０００℃左右．共沉淀法 制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体经１５５０℃热压烧结,获得致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入量对烧结温度 的影响不大． Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６０４ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为５．０ＭＰａｍ１／２; Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６１１ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４５ＭＰａｍ１／２．所有这些数据 都高于单相Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的力学性能,说明ＹＡＧ的加入有利于Ａ１２Ｏ３陶瓷力学性能的提高． 通过显微结构观察发现：大的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶界上,小的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒 内．在 Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料中,许多小的白色区域存在于 Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内,这可能和较低 的Ｙ２Ｏ３含量有关．     

快速凝固Ni—50Al—5Si—2Fe—0.25Ce合金的催化特性研究

制备了快速凝固Ｎｉ－５０Ａｌ－５Ｓｉ－２Ｆｅ－０．２５Ｃｅ合金,用碱洗抽Ａｌ的方法另以活化,对活化后催化剂的结构特征及其十八腈加氢催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,快凝Ｎｉ－５０Ａｌ－５Ｓｉ－２Ｆｅ－０．２５Ｃｅ前置体合金中含有较多的Ｎｉ２Ａｌ３及ＮｉＡｌ３相;活化后所得到的新型催化剂与常规ＲａｎｅｙＮｉ相比,其孔径尺寸减小,ｆ．ｃ．ｃ．Ｎｉ晶粒细化,点阵参数扩大,在制备伯胺和仲胺两种选择性反应中均显     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能EI

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

快速凝固Cu70.5Al26.8Ni2.7带状合金及其形状记忆特性

通过快速凝固制备了Ｃｕ７０．５Ａｌ２６．８Ｎｉ２．８带状合金,并对其微观结构,力学特性和形状记忆性能进行了测试与分析,结果表明：快速凝固Ｃｕ７０．５Ａｌ２６．８Ｎｉ２．７合金,不仅具有较高的相变温度和形状记忆效果,而且具有较高的强度与较好的韧性。     

YAG- Al2O3纳米复合材料的制备和力学性能

本文介绍了用化学共沉淀和在适当温度下煅烧以直接制备ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳纳米复合粉体的新方法。ＸＲＤ结果表明,所得粉体具纯的ＹＡＧ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相,因此其化学组成符合配料的组分设计,用本方法制备的２５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合粉体经热压烧结,所得的致０密体材料为晶内型纳米复合材料,其抗弯强度达６１２ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４．５４ＭＰａｍ＾－１／２,都比单相Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷有大幅度提高。     

Y对8090Al—Li合金拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响

研究了两种不同Ｙ含量对８０９０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金拉伸性能及断裂行为的影响。实验表明：加入０．１ｗｔ－％Ｙ可在不降低强度的情况下提高合金的塑性，加入０．５ｗｔ－％Ｙ可在不降低塑性的情况下提高合金的强度。在峰值时效条件下，不加Ｙ的合金断裂为穿晶韧窝型和沿晶塑性混合方式，并伴有沿晶二次裂纹，加０．１％Ｙ不改变合金断裂模式，但使沿晶成分减少；加０．５％Ｙ合金则发生快速剪切断裂。本文从晶粒结构角度对断裂行为提…     

NiAl金属间化合物的快速凝固组织

用单辊快速凝固法制备了Ｎｉ原子分数为０．５３－０．６０的Ｎｉ－Ａｌ金属间化合物薄带，研究了成分与微观组织的关系，发现试样均为Ｂ２型单相ＮｉＡｌ，Ｎｉ０．５３Ａｌ０．４７的快速凝固组织为１０μｍ左右的等轴晶，Ｎｉ０．５６Ａｌ０．４４－Ｎｉ０．６Ａｌ０．４的组织分别为５μｍ左右的不规则和规则柱状晶，发现近理想配比的ＮｉＡｌ在快速凝固时形成针状晶亚结构。     

RS高强Al－Zn－Mg－Cu系合金热处理温度与性能的关系

本文系统研究了ＲＳ高强Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－Ｍｇ－Ｃｕ系合金淬火温度、时效温度与性能关系，同时还分析了合金的微观组织。试验得出在４７０℃淬火峰时效（Ｔ６）的拉伸性能达到σ_ｂ＝７４０ＭＰａ，σ_（０．２）＝７０２ＭＰａ，δ_５＝１０％；双级时（Ｔ７３）可获得σ_ｂ＝６３３ＭＰａ，σ_（０．２）＝６０６ＭＰａ，δ_５＝１１．５％。合金的弥散强化相是Ｃｏ_２Ｎ_９、Ａｌ_３Ｚｒ，沉淀强化相为ＧＰ区、η＇和η。     

微量Al添加对铜基大块非晶合金性能的影响

为了进一步提高铜基大块非晶合金的玻璃形成能力及力学性能,采用添加微量Al元素的方法对块体非晶合金Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6进行了成分优化.热分析与X射线衍射结果显示,随着微量Al的添加,液相线温度从非晶合金Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6的1150 K逐步降低到Cu50.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6Al2的1134 K,临界直径相应的从5 mm提高到6 mm.大块非晶Cu50.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6Al2的压缩断裂强度达到2286 MPa,比经典的铜基非晶合金Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8提高约100 MPa,表明微量Al的添加在有效提高玻璃形成能力的同时,强度也略有提高.     

Ni,Fe对Al90TM5Ce5非晶合金稳定性的影响

本文研究了Al90 Fe5Ce5和A190 Ni5Ce5非晶合金及预峰在晶化过程和时效过程中的稳定性。Al90Fe5Ce5非晶合金的晶化开始温度TX 和时效稳定性比Al90 Ni5Ce5非晶合金高。Al90 Fe5Ce5非晶合金预峰所对应的化学短程序结构的稳定性较高 ,而Al90 Ni5Ce5非晶合金预峰所对应的化学短程序结构的稳定性差 ,甚至通过常温时效消失。非晶合金的稳定性与预峰所对应的化学短程序结构的稳定性有密切关系     

Effect of Rare Earth and Transition Metal Elements on the Glass Forming Ability of Mechanical Alloyed Al–TM–RE Based Amorphous Alloys

The present work aims to compare the amorphous phase forming ability of ternary and quaternary Al based alloys(Al86Ni8Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2, Al86Ni8La6 and Al86Ni8Y4.5La1.5) synthesized via mechanical alloying by varying the composition, i.e. fully or partially replacing rare earth(RE) and transition metal(TM) elements based on similar atomic radii and coordination number. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy study revealed that the amorphization process occurred through formation of various intermetallic phases and nanocrystalline FCC Al. Fully amorphous phase was obtained for the alloys not containing lanthanum, whereas the other alloys containing La showed partial amorphization with reappearance of intermetallic phases attributed to mechanical crystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed better thermal stability with wider transformation temperature for the alloys without La.     

A novel strategy for developing α+β dual-phase titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength

In this study,a novel strategy for developing α+β dual-phase titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength was proposed,and a Ti-15Nb-5Zr-4Sn-1Fe alloy was developed through theoret-ical composition design and microstructure manipulation.After hot-rolling and subsequent annealing,a high volume fraction of ultrafine grained α phase embedded in metastable β-matrix was formed in the microstructure as intended.Consequently,this alloy exhibits both low Young's modulus(61 GPa)and high yield strength(912 MPa).The experimental results prove that the proposed strategy is appropriate for developing titanium alloys with superior yield strength-to-modulus ratio than those of conven-tional metallic biomedical materials.Present study might shed light on the research and development of advanced biomedical titanium alloys with low Young's modulus and high yield strength.     

Effect of Minor Alloying on Crystallization Behavior and Thermal Properties of Zr_(64.5)Ni_(15.5)Al_(11.5)Cu_(8.5) Bulk Amorphous Alloy

Minor alloying plays an important role in the synthesis and improvement of thermal stability of bulk metallic glasses(BMGs).The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of minor additions of Y,Ti and Nb on the crystallization behavior and the thermal properties of Zr64.5Ni15.5Al11.5Cu8.5 alloy.Thermal parameters and the activation energies for crystallization were calculated for four(Zr0.645Ni0.155Al0.115-Cu0.085)100-xMx(M=Y,Ti and Nb,while x=0,2 at.) alloys.The present alloys have wide supercooled liquid region of ≥87 K.Maximum activation energy was found to be greater than 300 kJ/mol for the base alloy.Four crystalline phases were identified in the samples annealed at 823 K for 20 min.Reduced glass transition temperature(Trg) and other thermal parameters such as γ,δ and β were improved by Y and Ti addition.Nb addition resists crystallization below annealing temperature 713 K,however,its effect on thermal properties is not very promising.     

Er对ZrCuNiAl非晶合金结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响

以(Zr_0.6336Cu_0.1452Ni_0.1012Al_0.12)_100-xEr_x(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,原子分数,下同)系块体非晶合金为研究对象,通过改变微量元素Er的含量来研究Er对非晶合金的结构、力学性能、热稳定性及非晶形成能力的影响。结果表明:添加Er元素所制备出的试样都是完全非晶结构的合金。随着Er含量的增加,各试样的弹性模量呈现出先增大后减小,压缩塑性应变呈台阶式上升,x=0,x=0.5,x=1试样的塑性应变在4%的范围内波动;x=1.5,x=2,x=2.5试样的塑性应变在11%的范围内波动;x=3试样的塑性应变最高,其值为23.19%,弹性模量为37.76GPa,屈服强度为1604MPa,抗压强度为2068MPa,断裂强度为2060MPa;随着Er含量的增加,锆基非晶合金的热稳定性和非晶形成能力均先减小后增大。     

弛豫对Zr-Al-Ni-Cu基非晶合金晶化过程的影响

非晶合金的稳定性是制备大块非晶合金的关键，而弛豫后形成的短程有序结构对非晶中的晶体相形核有重要的影响。本文通过差热分析及X射线衍射法研究了预先弛豫处理对Zr60Al8Ni12.5Cu17Si2.5和Zr60Al8Ni10Cu17Si5非晶合金晶化过程的影响。结果表明：预先弛豫处理降低了上述非晶合金的稳定性。Si含量的增加则提高上述非晶合金的稳定性。根据等温转变过程日体相形核孕育期采用Arrhenius公式所确定的晶化激活能更能反映非晶晶化过程及非晶的稳定性。     

Modeling of initial crystallization in the alloys Al–10Ni and Al–5Ni–2.7Y at high undercoolings

Formation and growth of crystallization centers of aluminum in amorphous alloys Al–10Ni and Al–5Ni–2.7Y have been studied by a method of the molecular dynamics. Local radial pair distribution functions were calculated for studying of structure. Growth kinetics of the comparatively large aluminum crystals in the binary system is studied. Latencies of appearance of the first crystallization centre are found. The energies of interatomic interaction averaged locally and also in the bulk of the amorphous phase are determined. It is researched how the size of the crystallization centre influences its structure and the local interaction energy. Formation of icosahedrons and their lifetimes are in consideration.     

Mechanical properties and microstructures of rapidly solidified Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 and Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloys

Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 and Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloys extruded from their rapidly solidified powders have tensile strength more than 800 MPa and Young's modulus about 100 GPa. The extruded Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 alloy is composed of -Al, Al3Ni and a metastable tetragonal Al3Zr, and the extruded Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloy consists of -Al, Al3Ni and equilibrium Al3Ti. Through investigation on microstructure change of rapidly solidified Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 and Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloys with temperature, it is found that a new tetragonal Al3Zr phase, together with -Al and Al3Ni precipitates from the supersaturated -Al phase in the rapidly solidified Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 alloy at around 603 K and an equilibrium Al3Ti, together with -Al and Al3Ni forms from the supersaturated -Al phase in the rapidly solidified Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloy at about 523 K. The lattice parameters of the new metastable tetragonal Al3Zr phase were calculated to be a=0.3896 nm and c=0.9006 nm. Both the metastable tetragonal Al3Zr and equilibrium Al3Ti phases keep a nano grain size, less than 50 nm even at 773 K. The existence of the nano scale Al3Zr, Al3Ti phases and fine grains of -Al, Al3Ni phases is the reason that Al89.5Ni8Zr2.5 and Al88.5Ni8Ti3.5 alloys have the high strength. © 1998 Chapman & Hall