竖直螺旋槽管壁面液膜在蒸发/冷凝时的传热特性的研究

研究竖直螺旋槽管壁面液膜在传热条件下的液膜形成及流动特性，建立了单组分流体的物理和数学模型并得出解析解，且分析了壁面液膜在蒸发，冷凝及无热传输时的液膜厚度分布及速度分布，结果表明，液膜的形状主要受表面张力影响，在表面内弯处流膜较厚，而在槽道起始部液膜较薄，相对于光滑直管，竖直螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有均匀的厚度分布和更好的传热传质性质，特别在冷凝时壁面液膜更薄且分布更加均匀。     

水平螺旋槽管降膜流动和传热特性研究

对水平螺旋槽管壁面降膜形成及传热特性进行了理论和实验研究,得到了液膜厚度及速度的解析及数值解.结果表明,降膜液膜特性主要受槽道结构和液膜表面张力控制.管壁温度沿周向向下逐渐升高,而且在定热流密度下保持不变,而液膜温度则沿周向逐渐上升.相比光管,螺旋槽管降膜具有更高的传热系数.     

水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究--流体性质对液膜厚度的影响

考虑到薄膜表面张力和重力的影响,利用流体力学的基本方程建立了小流量液体在水平螺旋槽管外管壁形成壁面液膜的流动和强化传热的拟线性模型,得到了液膜厚度的解析表达式,进而分析了流体性质对壁面液膜厚度的影响。结果表明：对于同一种喷淋液体水,随着温度的升高,液膜厚度受表面张力和槽道表面曲率的影响逐渐减弱,液膜厚度趋向于均匀一致,具有更好的传热传质性能;用水作喷淋液体和煤油、原油相比较,有其特殊的优点,所以工业上常用水作为喷淋式换热器的喷淋液。     

水平螺旋槽管壁面二元混合液体升膜形成的试验研究

对二元液体混合物在蒸发状态下水平螺旋槽管管外壁面形成升膜进行了试验研究．实测了水平螺旋槽管壁面二元混合液体升膜的速度场和表面温度场,分析了水平螺旋槽管壁面热流密度和流体性质对壁面液膜特性的影响。结果表明：同一升膜工质,螺旋槽管的热流密度越大．液膜的爬升速度越大;流体性质对升膜的流动特性和温度分布特性有显著的影响,酒精溶液的浓度越高．液膜的流动性越好,表面总体温度越低,换热系数越小。     

水平刻槽管壁面二元溶液升膜蒸发传热试验研究

对水平刻槽管壁面二元溶液升膜形成过程进行了分析.在同一热流密度下,不同升膜工质在管壁面的分布状态也不相同.由于刻槽管特殊的几何结构,液膜表面能实现欠热蒸发和过冷沸腾.实测了水平刻槽管壁面水和不同质量分数的NaCl溶液液膜内温度分布、周向换热系数和厚度分布.试验结果表明:NaCl溶液比水更易形成升膜,并且升膜的速度比水的大,所以换热效果比水的好,溶液质量分数对换热系数和温度分布存在影响.质量分数越大,溶液的换热系数也就越大,液膜内的温度变化也就越明显.对于一定质量分数的溶液,溶液的换热系数只与液膜的厚度分布有关.     

水平微槽管壁面升膜形成的研究

对蒸发状态下水平螺旋槽管管外壁面升膜的形成机理和流动特性进行了研究。对驱动液膜形成的润湿紧力进行分析，建立单组分流体的数学模型，对拟线性方程数值求解，得出壁面液膜蒸发时的速度和厚度分布，并对影响水平螺旋槽管升膜的流动特性的因素进行分析。得出水平螺旋槽管有益于形成连续均匀的液膜，有更好的流动特性，增强传热传质效果。     

水平管降膜蒸发器管外液膜的数值模拟

对水平管降膜蒸发器管外液体的成膜情况进行了数值模拟,分析了喷淋密度、管径大小、周向角度等参数对管外液膜厚度及分布的影响,并与相关实验数据进行了比较.结果表明:在喷淋密度一定时,管外液膜厚度在管顶和管底区域较大,在周向120°附近最小;管壁表面的液膜厚度随着喷淋密度的减小而减小,当喷淋密度减小到一定程度时,管壁表面出现了局部"干斑"现象;在喷淋密度一定时,管壁液膜厚度随管径的增大而减小.     

基于水平圆管外加装排液板降膜流动的数值模拟

为了研究排液板对水平圆管外降膜流动与传热的影响,建立了水平圆管底部加装排液板的物理模型,采用流体体积函数(VOF)模型对其管外降膜流动进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与文献中的实验数据进行了对比.结果表明:加装排液板的水平圆管的平均液膜厚度比未加装排液板的水平圆管薄,管壁局部Nu大,排液板起到加速排液及减薄液膜的作用,有利于强化传热;排液板高度越大,管外同一周向角位置处的液膜厚度越薄,管壁局部Nu越大;排液板厚度较小或者较大都不能有效发挥加速排液的作用.     

热管微槽蒸发器薄液膜蒸发的径向干点预测分析

假设热量全部通过蒸发扩展液膜区传递,联立能量守恒方程和动量守恒方程,考虑了脱离压力和粘性力的影响,建立了热管微槽蒸发器槽道侧壁面上薄液膜蒸发的径向干点位置的解析解。讨论了接触角、加热热流密度、运行温度、槽道几何对干点位置的影响。分析结果有助于更好地理解薄液膜蒸发理论和高效率热管的设计。     

气汽混合流体凝结液膜传热特性研究

液膜厚度对凝结传热具有较大影响,且传热管管型影响着凝结液膜形成及排除。为了通过改变管型降低液膜厚度达到强化传热的目的,对圆管、椭圆管及滴形管等三种管型凝结液膜建立了相应的物理及数学模型,并计算了液膜沿管壁的厚度分布及传热系数;分析了三种管型对液膜传热的影响。结果表明:在气汽混合流体凝结传热过程中,不同管型其凝结液膜厚度差别较大;壁面温度和混合流体速度对液膜传热均有影响;相同条件下滴形管管壁上所形成的液膜,其平均厚度较薄,传热系数较高,因此滴形管传热性能优于其他管型。     

Study of rising liquid film on surface of horizontal metallic mesh tube

The formation of a rising liquid film on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the presence of a temperature field is investigated. A numerical model is established to study the behavior of the rising liquid film. For thermocapillary flow, the velocity distribution of the liquid film is obtained numerically and the influences of wall temperature, geometry of the metallic mesh, and diameter of the tube on the formation of the rising liquid film are also investigated. The results indicate that the velocity of the rising liquid film is influenced by the diameter of the tube and the gap between the tube and the metallic mesh. The velocity of the rising liquid is obviously promoted due to the influence of thermocapillary flow. An experimental system was developed and comparisons between numerical solution and experimental results were made. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20270     

The formation of rising liquid thin film on the fluted surface of a horizontal tube

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of the formation of the rising liquid thin film and its flow characteristics on the fluted surface of a horizontal tube. By analyzing the wetting behaviors of the fluted tube, which was primarily responsible for the formation of the rising liquid thin film, a numerical model of one‐phase fluid was established to analyze the distribution of the velocity and thickness of the rising liquid thin film during its evaporation. The behaviors of the flow characteristics were discussed and the results showed that geometric properties of the fluted surface of a horizontal tube and surface tension of the fluid were essential for the formation of a continuous and uniform liquid thin film. Theoretical analysis suggested that the capillary force created by the fluid surface tension was a key value for the formation of the thin film. The heat and mass transfer characteristics of the formed thin film also had an effect on the formation of the rising film. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(6): 396–406, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20075     

黏性流体在光滑横管外壁成膜机理研究

采用低雷诺数、小流量模型对黏性流体在水平管外形成的薄液膜的流速以及膜厚分布进行分析和计算；给出了边界层坐标系的二维边界层方程，求得了其相似性解；根据液膜自由表面上的运动学边界条件，给出关于膜厚的一阶偏微分方程，利用特征线法求得了膜厚分布的数值解。结果表明：重力驱动在光滑横管外壁面白发形成均匀的液膜是不可能实现的，必须外加一个能产生特殊流场的气刀来改变其原有受力情况，才有可能实现均匀液膜。在某一确定的时刻，膜厚沿着x轴逐渐增厚；随着时间的推移，各处膜厚逐渐减小。这些对于确定气刀的结构和安装的位置是十分重要的。     

逆向气流条件下半椭圆管外水平降膜厚度分布研究

为研究半椭圆管水平降膜厚度的分布规律,搭建逆向气流条件下水平降膜实验平台,并结合数字图像处理技术,研究逆流风速(0～5 m/s)和喷淋流量(0.025～0.221 L/min)对液膜厚度的影响。研究表明:逆向气流会对管外水膜产生影响,并存在临界速度;当逆流风速低于临界速度,液膜厚度沿圆周方向先减小后增大,与无空气流动时相似;当逆流风速超过临界速度时,液膜分布严重不均甚至被吹飞;随着逆流风速增大,平均液膜厚度先增大后减小;随着喷淋流量增大,平均液膜厚度持续增大;当喷淋流量减小、逆流风速增大时,平均液膜厚度减小。     

Experimental study on combined buoyant-thermocapillary flow along with rising liquid film on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube

Temperature distribution and variation with time has been considered in the analysis of the influences of the initial level of immersion of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the liquid on combined buoyant and thermo-capillary flow. The combined flow occurs along with the rising liquid film flow on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube. Three different levels of immersion of the metallic mesh tube in the liquid have been tested. Experiments of 60 min in duration have been performed using a heating metallic tube with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 110 mm, sealed outside with a metallic mesh of 178 mm by 178 mm, and distilled water. These reveal two distinct flow patterns. Thermocouples and infrared thermal imager are utilized to measure the temperature. The level of the liquid free surface relative to the lower edge of the tube is measured as angle q. The results show that for a smaller q angle, or a low level of immersion, with a relatively low heating power, it is possible to near fully combine the upwards buoyant flow with the rising liquid film flow. In this case, the liquid is heated only in the vicinity of the tube, while the liquid away from the flow region experiences small changes in temperature and the system approaches steady conditions. For larger q angles, or higher levels of immersion, a different flow pattern is noticed on the liquid free surface and identified as the thermo-capillary (Marangoni) flow. The rising liquid film is also present. The higher levels of immersion cause a high temperature gradient in the liquid free surface region and promote thermal stratification; therefore the system could not approach steady conditions.     

定壁温水平传热管外降膜对流显热换热特性理论研究

采用层流模型对定壁温边界条件时水平管外垂降液膜的强制对流显热换热性能进行了数值计算。计算中对管顶部的冲击滞止区和管侧部的自由绕流区分别采用不同的坐标变换方法进行微分方程组筒化。根据滞止区计算结果确定自由烧流区的初始边界条件。计算结果证明管径对平均换热系数的影响不容忽视。定壁温条件时的平均换热系数比定热通量时约高12％到20％左右。