抗老化聚烯烃制备方法的研究进展

以改善聚烯烃类聚合物的抗老化性能为主线,综述了近年抗老化聚烯烃制备方法领域的最新研究状况,涉及到聚烯烃类聚合物的化学接枝改性和聚烯烃类聚合物的物理共混改性,而物理共混改性又包括聚烯烃类聚合物与功能性聚合物材料的共混改性和聚烯烃类聚合物与功能性无机材料的共混改性。开发绿色环保、生产效率高且制备成本低的聚烯烃类聚合物的改性方法和制备工艺将成为该领域今后发展的重点。     

多相聚合物体系的增容及其应用

介绍了聚合物共混物的相容性,综述了聚合物共混物的主要增容方法,包括加入大量应性相容剂,引入氢键、反应性增容、互穿网络的形成以及交联等,同时讨论了增容技术在原位复合材料,尼龙共混以及制备动态硫化热塑性性体（ＴＰＶ）中的应用。     

TP／TP原位微纤化共混物的研究进展

简要介绍了热塑性聚合物(TP)／热塑性聚合物原位微纤化共混物的产生、制备方法,并着重讨论了原位成纤的机理、影响微纤化共混物材料特性(形态、流变性、结晶性、力学性能等)的因素,对该材料的发展进行了展望。     

基于超分子化学方法制备自愈合聚合物材料的研究进展

本文综述了超分子化学方法制备自愈合聚合物材料的研究进展,着重介绍了利用氢键、π-π键、离子键等非共价键主-客体相互作用来制备自愈合聚合物材料的研究现状。     

Monte Carlo方法在聚合物共混体系界面性质计算机模拟中的应用

主要综述了Monte Carlo方法在均聚物共混界面性质、嵌段共聚物与其它聚合物共混界面性质、接枝共聚物与其它聚合物共混界面性质计算机模拟中的应用研究进展。增容剂与共混组分之间的相互作用在很大程度上影响着共混材料的相容性,合适的界面性质有助于共混材料应用性能,利用Mente Carlo方法对共混体系中的界面性质进行研究,可以大大简化研究过程,探寻最佳共混条件。     

聚丙烯微孔发泡材料制备及改性进展

聚丙烯(PP)微孔发泡材料具有质轻、力学性能较高的特点,PP基体性质、发泡剂种类、发泡制备成型工艺、化学改性方法、共混及填充改性等方法均可以影响发泡材料的泡孔结构及发泡材料的性能。综述了PP微孔发泡材料的制备成型工艺、化学、共混、纳米、填充等改性方法研究进展,指出采用成本低廉、无毒的化学类发泡剂制备泡孔结构良好的PP微孔发泡材料将是今后研究的热点。PP的交联及接枝改性技术,与其它聚合物、填料共混技术是改善泡孔结构、提高泡沫材料发泡性能和力学性能的途径,研究改性材料与PP基体材料的界面相容性问题也是今后的研究方向。     

聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料研究进展

综述了聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法及其电学性能的研究进展。评述了聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料常用的制备方法,包括溶液共混、熔融共混、原位聚合等,特别强调碳纳米管在聚合物基体中的分散;介绍了采用聚乙烯、环氧树脂等为基体的碳纳米管复合材料电学性能研究的两个方面:导电渗流行为和正温度系数效应;对聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料研究中存在的问题如工艺改进、机理解释等进行了讨论,并展望了这一类材料的发展前景。     

热塑性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇的性能研究

采用溶液共混法制备了热塑性聚氨酯(PUR-T)/聚乙烯醇(PVAL)共混材料。利用FTIR,DSC,TGA及气体渗透仪研究了共混材料的氢键作用、结晶性、热稳定性和气体阻隔性。结果表明:PUR-T与PVAL分子间存在一定程度的氢键作用;随着PVAL含量的增加,PUR-T的结晶峰逐渐减小,共混材料的阻隔性能明显提高;当PVAL的质量分数大于60%时,PUR-T的结晶峰消失;PVAL的结晶温度、结晶度及熔点则随着PUR-T含量的增加明显降低。     

PVA/TPU共混材料热塑加工性能及相容性的研究

采用热塑加工方法制备了聚乙烯醇/热塑性聚氨酯(PVA/TPU)共混材料,系统研究了共混材料的热塑加工性能、相容性及力学性能。结果表明:TPU的引入对共混材料的熔点影响不大,但其与PVA间的氢键作用可屏蔽PVA的羟基,较大幅度地提高了PVA初始热分解温度,获得更宽的热塑加工窗口;引入适量的TPU还可降低共混材料的熔体黏度,改善材料的热塑加工性能,另外,还可获得良好的材料相容性;随着TPU用量的增加,共混材料的拉伸强度先增后降,并在TPU用量为50 phr时达到最大值。     

聚合物粘弹行为的启发式课堂讲授探索与交流

《聚合物改性》是高分子材料专业的一门实用性强且有着重要学科意义的专业课。为了制备出理想的经济的综合性能优异的高分子材料,聚合物改性是当前研究的热点之一,聚合物共混改性又是最方便和最灵活的方法。共混物间由于其热力学不相容性而获得非均相体系,此体系中必然存在着相形态。粘弹性与共混物相形态有着直接关联,且粘弹性具有强烈的时间和温度依赖性。本文将从共混物组分、温度、时间和外场力因素分析对相形态与粘弹性的影响,进而解析共混物相形态与粘弹性的相关性,探索课堂教学的授课内容与方式。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。