谢 铿 王海北 刘三平 苏立峰

对内蒙古某公司湿法炼锌产生的铅银渣和铁矾渣进行扩大试验,采用"洗涤—净化—萃取"工艺回收渣中夹带的水溶锌,铅银渣和铁矾渣中锌洗涤回收率分别达到42%和90%左右,铁去除率大于98%,萃取后得到的富锌溶液可送电积车间生产电锌。该工艺流程简单、原料适应性强、经济效益和社会效益显著。     

Bio hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from Fine Shredder Residues

The leaching step of an integrated hydrometallurgical process for the selective recovery of metals from polymetallic concentrates has been investigated. This concentrate has been produced by physical treatment of Fine Shredder Residues derived from a shredding plant processing a mixed feed of metallic scraps, waste electric equipments and end-of-life vehicles. Bacterially assisted leaching experiments have been carried out using a copper-adapted consortium of mesophilic bacterial strains. The influence of various operating conditions such as stirring speed, temperature (25-50 °C), pulp solids density (5-20%) and initial iron concentration (0-15 g/L) has been studied. Temperature and stirring speed have proved to be the most influential parameter regarding copper dissolution kinetics, while pulp solids density and initial iron concentration have been found to have a subordinate importance. In optimum conditions, 95% extractions of zinc and copper were achieved within 48 h. Bacterial presence has been found beneficial in terms of catalysing copper dissolution.     

硫化锑精矿全湿法清洁提取工艺研究

为解决现行湿法炼锑过程中废水量大、电流效率低、设备腐蚀的问题,提出一种全湿法清洁炼锑新工艺。采用"三氯化铁浸出—铁粉置换—隔膜电积铁"的工艺路线进行硫化锑精矿的清洁提取。首先,采用隔膜电积法制备了三氯化铁浸出液,获得优化实验条件为:电流强度为300A/m~2、电解液温度为40℃,此时,阴阳极电流效率均在99%以上;其次,以电积时阳极得到的三氯化铁溶液为浸出剂经两段浸出硫化锑精矿,获得了96.56%的锑浸出率,该过程选择性高;最后,以铁粉进行氯化锑浸出液的置换,经两次置换,93.89%的锑被置换出。工艺操作简单、试剂消耗少,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

空气取水技术的研究进展

综述了空气取水的基本研究现状,对可用于空气取水的固体吸附剂、液体吸收剂、复合吸湿材料以及新型吸湿技术等各类吸湿材料的研究现状和发展趋势进行了详细的讨论,并对冷却结露式取水方法与吸湿/解吸式取水方法的能源利用方式进行了讨论和比较。在此基础上,对采用吸湿/解吸方法同时合理利用太阳能和余热来取水的研究前景进行了展望。     

湿法回收氯化石灰中和渣中的锗

研究了回收氯化石灰中和渣中的锗的工艺,采用热水洗涤除钙、稀盐酸浸出锗除钙,洗涤浸出后的渣用两段逆流碱浸出锗.酸浸出液与一次碱浸出液混合并调节pH为2~2.5,用栲胶沉淀锗,焙烧沉淀渣得到锗精矿.采用此工艺从氯化石灰中和渣到锗精矿,锗的回收率可以达到90%以上.     

湿法回收氯化石灰中和渣中的锗

研究了回收氯化石灰中和渣中的锗的工艺,采用热水洗涤除钙、稀盐酸浸出锗除钙,洗涤浸出后的渣用两段逆流碱浸出锗.酸浸出液与一次碱浸出液混合并调节pH为2～2.5,用栲胶沉淀锗,焙烧沉淀渣得到锗精矿.采用此工艺从氯化石灰中和渣到锗精矿,锗的回收率可以达到90%以上.     

Recovery by hydrometallurgical extraction of the platinum-group metals from car catalytic converters

The car industry is one of the technological applications which more platinum-group metals (PGM) employs. Therefore, the recovery of the PGMs from the car catalytic converters could be an important source to obtain these precious metals, with economic and environmental consequences.In this work, the car catalytic converters were characterized through different techniques as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma.In order to suggest an environmentally friendly method for the recovery of PGMs, some conditions such as the reagents concentration and composition, energy optimization, pre-treatment in hydrogen atmosphere and a thermal pre-treatment were studied.In addition, a new alternative to recover at least the 95% of the PGMs present in the car catalytic converters by the application of lees aggressive, corrosive or expensive reagents and conditions is proposed.     

提高铜镉渣提取海绵镉品位的生产试验研究

锌粉置换过程是处理铜镉渣提取海绵镉的重要环节,论文对铜镉渣提取海绵镉原理及生产工艺进行了简单介绍,对锌粉置换过程中置换温度、锌粉用量、置换时间、搅拌强度进行了实验探索,研究表明：置换温度50℃、锌粉用量为理论用量的1.2倍、拌强度为80r/min、置换时间20min,澄清时间40min的条件下,海绵镉的品位可达到78.7%。采用多点加入锌粉的方式,可以减少海绵镉夹杂现象,提高海绵镉的品位。     

Ramu红土镍矿湿法冶炼过程中钪的富集回收

分析了Ramu红土镍矿中金属钪的矿物赋存特性。跟踪考察了钪在Ramu红土镍矿湿法冶炼过程中的走向和分布。在此基础之上,结合工业生产实际,研究了中和除铁铝过程pH值、石灰石乳浆加入速度和搅拌强度对钪富集的影响,给出了合理化建议。结果表明,在Ramu红土镍矿湿法冶炼过程中,大于60%的钪可在中和除铁铝过程的铁铝渣中进行富集。在一段中和除铁铝pH值为3.9,二段中和除铁铝pH值为4.9,匀速加入石灰乳浆且搅拌强度均匀时,钪的富集情况最佳,可得到钪含量为1 300g/t粗钪中间体,且此条件下的浸出液铁铝去除率高,镍钴损失小。     

废弃锂电池电极材料中有价金属的赋存状态

这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。以废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极粉为对象,开展了以Na₂S₂O₈作为氧化剂,并添加低浓度乙酸作为浸出剂选择性浸锂的研究,考查了Na₂S₂O₈加入量、乙酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出液固比和浸出时间等对锂选择性浸出影响。在乙酸浓度0.3 mol/L、Na₂S₂O₈加入量为理论量的1.1倍,浸出液固比10 mL/g、室温浸出2 h条件下,锂、铁、磷的浸出率分别为98.05%、4.49%和2.46%。     

A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions

Rare earth elements have unique physicochemical properties that make them essential elements in many high-tech components. Bastnesite (La, Ce)FCO₃, monazite, (Ce, La, Y, Th)PO₄, and xenotime, YPO₄, are the main commercial sources of rare earths. Rare earth minerals are usually beneficiated by flotation or gravity or magnetic processes to produce concentrates that are subsequently leached with aqueous inorganic acids, such as HCl, H₂SO₄, or HNO₃. After filtration or counter current decantation (CCD), solvent extraction is usually used to separate individual rare earths or produce mixed rare earth solutions or compounds. Rare earth producers follow similar principles and schemes when selecting specific solvent extraction routes. The use of cation exchangers, solvation extractants, and anion exchangers, for separating rare earths has been extensively studied. The choice of extractants and aqueous solutions is influenced by both cost considerations and requirements of technical performance. Commercially, D2EHPA, HEHEHP, Versatic 10, TBP, and Aliquat 336 have been widely used in rare earth solvent extraction processes. Up to hundreds of stages of mixers and settlers may be assembled together to achieve the necessary separations. This paper reviews the chemistry of different solvent extractants and typical configurations for rare earth separations.     

铅阳极泥湿法预处理综合回收新工艺

研究铅阳极泥湿法预处理综合回收新工艺：铅阳极泥经过自然堆放氧化后,在硫酸介质中控电位氧化氯化浸出,能有效地实现贵金属与非贵金属的分离。浸出液经过冷却结晶,析出部分砷,其他有价元素留在溶液中。后通过控电位的方法还原沉碲,碲的回收率为96.52%。将沉碲后液依次进行水解沉锑、铁粉还原沉铋铜,锑、铋、砷的回收率均大于91%。该工艺流程简单,无废气产生,中间产物渣不产生堆放污染,可直接进入株冶原有火法系统进一步精炼回收有价金属,终端还原后液可循环使用。     

硅酸盐矿石资源中铷的提取工艺综述

近年来,随着新型能源等领域的需求,铷矿石的开发利用得到快速发展。铷矿石主要赋存于花岗伟晶岩、光卤石和钾盐矿床中,目前大部分铷从花岗伟晶岩中提取,其资源特点为规模大,品位低,载体矿物主要为锂云母、铁锂云母、铯榴石和钾长石。本文对硅酸盐矿石资源中铷的提取工艺进行了较为系统地归纳总结。铷矿石的提取工艺主要为酸法、碱法和盐焙烧水浸法。酸法提取效率高但浸出成分复杂,后续分离难度大;碱法工艺成熟,铷提取率高,但渣量大且成本高;盐焙烧水浸法回收效率高,渣量少,但产生有害气体污染环境,而且产生的气体易腐蚀设备。要解决铷矿石开发利用过程中资源利用率低、渣量大、环境污染重的现实,大宗组元铝、钾的协同提取及产品化是工艺开发中的重点发展方向。     

Cobalt and zinc recovery from copper sulphate solution by solvent extraction

It has been demonstrated in earlier works that zinc as an impurity can be effectively removed from cobalt sulphate solutions (Zn/Co < 1) by solvent extraction with D2EHPA. Some process residues from copper plants contain both cobalt and zinc as valuable metals, which have to be separately extracted for their recovery. Leaching of such residues leads to solutions with higher Zn/Co ratios (Zn/Co > 10). Again, solvent extraction with D2EHPA has been successfully used to separate cobalt and zinc into their respective solutions, which could further be treated by appropriate techniques for the production of these metals.The method mainly consists of selective copper extraction with LIX 984, iron removal by precipitation with CaCO₃, simultaneous cobalt and zinc extraction with D2EHPA followed by their separation by selective stripping with sulphuric acid of different concentrations. The use of a specific cobalt extractant is not necessary. More than 95% copper has been recovered from the pregnant solution typically containing 1.0 g/l Co²⁺, 2.0 g/l Cu²⁺, 12.60 g/l Zn²⁺ and 8.4 g/l Fe³⁺. The cobalt and zinc recoveries were on an average of 90% each in their respective individual solutions.     

锌精矿冶炼中镉回收工艺研究

这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。本文主要用响应曲面法（Response surface methodology,RSM）研究和优化浸出参数对从铅冶炼烟尘中高效浸出镉的影响。以镉的浸出回收率（Y1）为响应值,以浸出时间（A,h）、硫酸浓度（B,mol/L）和浸出温度（C,℃）为考查变量。研究表明：响应曲面二次回归模型参数显著,温度、时间、硫酸浓度这三个影响因素对Cd浸出率的影响顺序为C＞A＞B。AB的F值为2.16,AC的F值为0.051,BC的F值为0.2,在交互影响过程中对Cd浸出率的影响顺序为AB＞BC＞AC。在温度75 ℃、时间1.62 h、硫酸浓度为0.26 mol/L时,预测镉的浸出率为99.2%,通过三次实验验证,镉浸出率的平均值为98.18%,与预测值偏差1.02,吻合度较高,此条件是镉的浸出较佳工艺条件。     

Cyanide recovery in hydrometallurgical plants: use of synthetic solutions constituted by metallic cyanide complexes

Cyanide compounds are widely used in gold ore processing plants in order to facilitate the extraction and subsequent concentration of the precious metal. Owing to the high cyanide concentrations employed in gold processing, effluents generated have high contents of free cyanide as well as metallic cyanide complexes, which lend them a high degree of toxicity. The process under study, developed in laboratory scale with the use of a distillation apparatus, consists of highly decreasing the pH of the solution by adding sulfuric acid. Thus, the cyanide present in either free form or as a metallic complex is made volatile and the resulting cyanide gas is absorbed in an alkaline solution for reutilization. This work aims at recognizing the chemical relations between the cyanide and metals during distillation. The regeneration of cyanide from gold processing proved to be a viable procedure. Cyanide recoveries pointed to the fact that if a method for reutilization of cyanide contained in mining effluents is employed, the precious metal processing will become more efficient. Also, the environmental conditions in the area of the operation will be improved.     

由低浓度稀土溶液萃取回收稀土的研究

我国重庆某煤系高硫稀有金属复合矿中含硫(铁)、铝、稀土等多种有价成分,且部分稀土呈离子吸附形态存在。对该矿铵盐浸出液除铝、铁杂质后得到的低浓度稀土溶液,进行了稀土的萃取、反萃取、制备碳酸稀土试验的研究。确定的工艺条件为:有机相组成10%P507+90%260~#磺化煤油、净化液初始pH值为5.5、相比(O/A)0.6、搅拌时间5 min。单级萃取,稀土萃取率为92.79%,两级逆流萃取,稀土萃取率可达99.07%;负载有机相采以稀硫酸三级逆流反萃,稀土反萃率为97.20%,反萃液中TREO可富集至2175 mg/L;稀土与钙、镁等杂质得到了有效分离;反萃液经除锌后,与碳酸氢铵反应,制得的碳酸稀土产品质量符合要求;从净化液到产品,稀土回收率达87.85%;萃余液和碳酸稀土合成母液经处理后可用于循环浸出煤系高硫稀有金属复合矿。     

低品位资源二次开采探讨

在市场经济条件下,原来确定的矿产开采的最低工业品位指标明显偏高,为充分回收矿产资源,矿山根据矿产品市场价格变化,重新测算最低工业品位,并对原丢弃的低品位矿块资源重新进行开采,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

我国铀矿冶废物的利用与有用资源的回收

概述了铀矿冶系统矿井水中铀回收、水冶废水复用,污染废旧钢铁熔炼去污再利用,废石、尾矿回填利用,以及伴生铀矿综合回收利用等方面的实践.     

硫精矿焙砂提金及铜锌综合回收试验研究

针对云南某矿山硫精矿焙砂中铜、锌、硫、砷含量高及铁氧化物包裹金等问题,开展了常规氰化浸出和酸浸—氰化浸出两种不同方案回收金的试验研究.结果表明,常规氰化浸出金的浸出率为84.52％,酸浸—氰化浸出的酸浸过程铜、锌浸出率分别为40.25％、38.79％,后续金的浸出率为85.82％.综合比较,酸浸—氰化浸出工艺更优,比常...