磨矿方法对某硫化矿浮选的影响

为提高效果，用三种磨机（普通钢磨机，不锈钢磨机和瓷磨机）研究某铅锌矿小型试验的浮选行为。结果表明，瓷磨机（即非铁质磨机）的氧化性磨矿环境可提高铅回收率，但由于矿石氧化产生的铜离子对闪锌矿的活化而降低了浮选选择性。相反地，传统铁质磨机磨矿则导致铅收率下降，而选择性提高。铁质磨机磨矿对铅收率降低可能是由铁氧化产物在矿物表面覆盖而造成的。粗粒更易受这种抑制的影响。     

The effect of galvanic interaction on the behaviour of the froth phase during the flotation of a complex sulphide ore

A literature review has shown that the chemical effects of grinding media on the flotation of real ores, especially those containing pyrite, are still not understood adequately. Many studies have been conducted on isolated minerals or in solutions only, and transport phenomena in the froth phase have generally been ignored in studies on galvanic interactions. A complex ore containing galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and significant quantities of magnetite, pyrrhotite and pyrite was used in batch flotation tests to study this problem. Metallic iron powder was added in different quantities to a ceramic ball mill in order to simulate the use of mild steel grinding media in flotation tests aimed at selectively floating chalcopyrite.An oxygen-saturated pulp milled in the presence of iron yielded the best recovery of chalcopyrite and copper-lead selectivity. Milling under a nitrogen atmosphere in the absence of metallic iron resulted in poor copper-lead selectivity. The galvanic interaction caused by the presence of iron yielded a stable, well-drained froth with low ratios of solids/water recovery and larger bubbles in the froth. However, milling in the absence of iron caused an extremely brittle froth with very fine bu bubbles, high recoveries of low grades of sulphur. In contrast with the improvement in the copper recovery and copper-lead selectivity obtained when the pulp was pre-aerated after milling in the presence of iron, no significant increase in the copper grade was observed after extensive pre-aeration when milling occurred in the absence of iron. The unsatisfactory flotation results in the absence of iron could be explained by the enhanced floatability of iron-bearing gangue minerals, which rupture films and suppress froth stability owing to bubble-overloading.     

磨矿介质材质与捕收剂添加方式对某铜镍硫化矿浮选的影响

通过磨矿和浮选试验研究了低碳钢和不锈钢两种磨矿介质与捕收剂添加方式对某铜镍硫化矿（Nkomati矿）浮选的影响。试验研究使用实验室用圆筒形棒磨机和机械搅拌式挂槽浮选机完成,通过浮选水回收率、精矿产率和有用矿物回收率分析了磨矿介质和捕收剂添加方式对铜镍硫化物浮选行为的影响。研究中对矿浆pH值、氧化还原电位（Eh）和溶解氧（Do）等溶液化学性质进行了测定,以考察磨矿介质及捕收剂添加方式对溶液化学性质的影响。磨矿介质对Nkomati矿的矿浆溶液化学性质和浮选行为具有显著影响,经低碳钢磨矿后,具有较高的铜、镍和磁黄铁矿回收率,EDTA可浸出铁的含量更高,Do值更低。不同磨矿介质磨矿条件下,捕收剂添加方式对铜镍矿浮选的影响规律不同,低碳钢磨矿时,捕收剂添加在浮选槽中的铜回收率较高;不锈钢磨矿时,捕收剂添加在磨机中的铜和镍的回收率较高。      

捕收剂与磨矿环境对铅锌矿浮选的影响

就几种常用的铅锌矿浮选捕收剂及磨矿环境对纳米比亚某复杂铅锌矿浮选的影响进行了试验研究.试验发现:捕收剂的作用效果与磨矿环境密切相关.常规的低碳钢磨机磨矿环境下,由于其强的还原性气氛及腐蚀产生的铁类氧化物在矿物表面的覆盖,严重地影响了方铅矿的可浮性;在此磨矿环境下需采用具较强捕收能力的捕收剂,如Aerophine 3418A,Aero 242等,但其浮选选择性较低.相反地,在瓷磨机的氧化性磨矿环境下,方铅矿具有良好的可浮选,可采用捕收性较弱但选择性强的捕收剂,如苯胺黑药.     

磨矿对闪锌矿表面电化学性质及浮选的影响

对闪锌矿在不同磨矿介质、机械力以及捕收剂条件下的电化学行为进行了测试。结果表明, 闪锌矿表面适当氧化有利于闪锌矿浮选; 增大闪锌矿与磨矿介质的机械力, 体系的还原性增强, 同时削弱矿物表面的氧化反应, 对浮选不利。在适当的压力和磨矿时间条件下, 采用瓷磨矿介质能有效提高浮选的回收率, 而采用铁介质, 其浮选回收率低于前者。当pH=5时, 在浮选槽内加入药剂比在磨矿机内加入药剂效果要好。     

磨矿介质对两种铜镍硫化矿石浮选行为的影响研究

磨矿作业对矿物浮游性及浮选分离有重要的影响。本研究以分别产自中国和南非的两种不同铜镍矿为研究对象,研究了磨矿介质种类对铜镍矿石浮选行为的影响。研究结果表明,磨矿介质种类对两种矿石中铜镍矿物浮选回收率、浮游速度和脉石矿物的浮选行为的影响规律并不相同,且与报道中纯矿物体系中磨矿介质的影响规律不完全一致。与铸铁介质磨矿相比,采用不锈钢球介质磨矿后,中国铜镍矿混合浮选硫化铜浮游速度更快,可以获得较高的铜、镍品位,混合精矿中脉石含量显著降低。南非铜镍矿经铁介质磨矿后的铜、镍回收率高于惰性介质磨矿。两种矿石的矿物组成差异可能是磨矿介质对其浮选行为影响规律存在差异的主要原因。     

The effect of grinding conditions on the flotation of a sulphide copper ore

The challenge of process development for the beneficiation of Salobo’s copper ore started in 1978 and the studies still go on. Copper is predominantly present as secondary minerals, such as chalcocite, bornite, and digenite, and liberation requires very fine grinding. These minerals may undergo rapid oxidation at the alkaline pH range and under mildly oxidising conditions. The oxidation products may adsorb onto the minerals altering their surface characteristics, flotation behaviour, and may also significantly modify the mechanisms of interaction between the minerals and the collector. These facts impair the flotation process performance and increase the reagents consumption, the required flotation cells volume, and the overall processing costs. This paper describes the effect of grinding conditions on the flotation performance. Different media and mill construction materials were tested at bench scale aiming at evaluating the effects of the pulp electrochemical potential and the availability of iron oxide and hydroxide compounds on the flotation response. The results indicated that the grinding process affects significantly the flotation metallurgical performance of Salobo’s ore. The conditions that yielded the highest levels of copper recovery and the fastest flotation kinetics were rubber lined steel mill and stainless steel media.     

磨矿介质对方铅矿浮选影响的电化学机制研究北大核心

磨矿作业对硫化矿浮选有重要影响。以方铅矿为研究对象、以电化学分析为主要手段,研究了钢、不锈钢、陶瓷三种磨矿介质对方铅矿浮选的影响机制。三种磨矿介质对应的回收率分别为:钢79.71%、不锈钢81.62%、陶瓷83.43%,磨矿介质的电化学活性越高方铅矿可浮性越差。分析结果表明,在与方铅矿组合的电偶中,介质钢和不锈钢都充当阳极发生氧化反应,陶瓷介质中则是方铅矿作为阳极发生氧化反应,这导致陶瓷介质磨矿时方铅矿表面疏水物质S 0的含量远高于钢和不锈钢介质磨矿;另外,电化学活性越高,磨矿介质与方铅矿的伽伐尼电偶作用造成的电化学腐蚀越强,生成铁的氧化物和氢氧化物等亲水物质对方铅矿的迁移罩盖越强,可浮性也就更差。     

The effect of grinding environment on flotation of sulphide poor PGE ores

The effects of grinding media and pulp chemistry may have significant effects on floatability of sulphide ores. Grinding in mild steel mill is suggested to cause reducing environment, galvanic interactions and formation of surface hydroxides which suppress sulphide flotation.In this study the influence of grinding environment on floatability of two Finnish PGE ores with low sulphur content has been studied. Variables in the study were grinding atmosphere (CO₂, N₂ and air) and grinding media. The effect of addition of lime into mill was tested as a reference.It was found that CO₂ atmosphere in grinding clearly improved both PGM grade and recovery in flotation of the ore with lower sulphide content. Platinum selectivity was improved also with the other ore but recovery was similar to the other tests. Grinding in CO₂ atmosphere seems to diminish the oxidation which assists upgrading of platinum group minerals. It is also proposed that impact of CO₂ may result from formation of hydrophilic carbonates on mineral surfaces.     

Effect of grinding media on zinc depression in a lead cleaner circuit

Laboratory testwork, investigating the effect of high chrome grinding media in a lead regrind application has on subsequent metallurgical performance, was conducted at a large silver–lead–zinc operation in Australia. The initial data showed that the use of a more inert grinding media could have increased zinc losses to the lead cleaner concentrate if careful attention was not paid to alloy selection.Diagnostic tests showed that iron hydroxide surface coatings generated by grinding media corrosion reactions are an effective depressant for sphalerite in this ore body, even though it is known that an excess of these coatings could depress both galena and sphalerite flotation. These tests demonstrated that a 1% chrome alloy produced the desired pulp chemical conditions to yield an increase in lead concentrate grade through the rejection of sphalerite from the lead circuit.A plant trial was conducted in one of the two parallel grinding/flotation trains, and data collected for statistical analysis. During the plant trial, pulp chemical surveys of the regrind circuit were also taken to compare the effect of grinding media on the cleaner one feed slurry pulp potentials, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and EDTA extractable iron.The statistical analysis showed clearly that the change to 1% chrome grinding media had a significant positive impact on improving galena/sphalerite selectivity during lead cleaner flotation and improved the lead concentrate grade. The improved metallurgical performance is explained in terms of modified pulp chemistry.     

矿物浮选分离硫化铜、硫化锌的研究进展

随着我国对金属铜、锌资源需求的不断增加,有效的处理铜、锌矿石及对两者的高效利用对我国的经济建设有着极大的意义。硫化铜矿以黄铜矿为主,通常与硫化锌矿中的闪锌矿伴生,因此对两者进行分离是选矿研究中的一个热点。由于磨矿过程中黄铜矿溶解出的铜离子会对闪锌矿造成明显的活化效果,使得两者可浮性相近,这是导致铜、锌矿物分离困难的主要原因。对于铜锌硫化矿浮选分离当前的研究热点主要为抑锌浮铜,但在闪锌矿抑制剂研究方面深度不够,必须进一步研究不同抑制剂的抑制机理,从而更加清楚地调控矿浆环境及合理改变矿物的表面性质,以此增强抑制剂对闪锌矿的选择性。而发展新型氧化型药剂、外界物理化学方法改性以及研究抑铜浮锌的新方法是今后铜锌浮选分离的研究方向。     

Effect of grinding media and NaHS on copper recovery at Northparkes Mines

The flotation behaviour of copper minerals in the Northparkes Mines copper-gold ore is dependent on grinding media (and hence grinding Eh) and aeration during conditioning. Laboratory grinding and flotation tests were conducted using mild steel and stainless steel rods with and without the addition of sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) in the conditioning stage. In the absence of NaHS, grinding using stainless steel media increased the kinetics of subsequent copper mineral flotation compared to the use of mild steel media. Flotation kinetics after grinding using mild steel media were increased by aeration prior to reagent addition. The addition of NaHS after grinding using mild steel rods increased the froth stability by increasing froth mineralisation, thus increasing the flotation kinetics of the copper minerals. When stainless steel grinding media was used, the copper flotation recovery was very high (>90 % in the rougher stage) without the addition of NaHS, so its use was not warranted. The flotation of the bornite was not reduced by oxidation, in fact copper mineral recovery was the highest under the most oxidising grinding conditions.     

Investigating fine galena recovery problems in the lead circuit of Mount Isa Mines Lead/Zinc Concentrator part 1: Grinding media effects

A plant survey was carried out on the lead secondary rougher and scavenger banks of the Lead/Zinc Concentrator of Mount Isa Mines Limited. Sizing analysis of the survey samples demonstrated that a major limiting factor to overall lead recovery in this section of the plant was the diminished recovery of the fine galena in the minus 5 microns particle size fraction. Batch flotation experiments were carried out on a plant sample of lead secondary rougher feed and a sample of rod mill feed ore. Mineral recovery-size data for these tests showed similar fine galena flotation behaviour to that observed in the plant. Increased collector addition did not improve either the maximum recovery or the flotation rate constant of the fine galena but did reduce the selectivity of galena against sphalerite. Changing of the grinding media used for the ore sample from a high carbon steel to a high chromium alloy steel resulted in a significant increase in the maximum recovery and flotation rate constant of the fine galena. EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetic) extractable iron measured for the high carbon steel media were similar in magnitude to those measured within the plant and were higher than those measured for the high chromium alloy steel media. The increased surface concentration of hydrophilic layers of oxidised iron species on the fine galena was a likely reason for their diminished flotation behaviour both in the laboratory and in the plant.     

某复杂铜铅锌多金属矿浮选分离技术研究

某铜铅锌多金属矿含铜0.54%、铅1.75%、锌10.44%。矿石中矿物种类繁多,嵌布粒度细,互相交代关系复杂,在浮选分离过程中互含严重,且矿石中存在大量的长石、白云石等易浮脉石,磨矿过程中极易泥化,恶化浮选环境,因此,难以获得合格的产品。针对该矿石的特征,在铜铅优先混合浮选—铜铅分离—铜铅浮选尾矿选锌的原则工艺流程基础上,采用选择性药剂BKW和BKN组合,作为铜铅优先浮选的捕收剂,铜铅混合精选时采用组合抑制剂BKFN和BKFA强化对含锌矿物及脉石矿物的抑制,铜铅分离采用新型抑制剂BK503抑铜浮铅,分别获得较好的铜、铅、锌产品。实验室小型闭路试验结果为铜精矿含铜18.12%、铜回收率60.66%,铅精矿含铅48.27%、铅回收率68.95%,锌精矿含锌48.76%、锌回收率91.10%。     

某铅锌矿立磨机与球磨机磨矿效果对比试验研究

立磨机和球磨机都是大型工业磨粉设备,被广泛应用于选矿、冶金、化工和煤炭等行业。本文针对某铅锌矿对比两种磨机的磨矿效果,采用立磨机与球磨机进行磨矿试验,并对试验产品进行筛分分析、单体解离度分析及浮选试验。试验结果表明:立磨机磨矿试验产品中粗粒级含量较球磨机试验产品下降了0.6百分点,方铅矿和闪锌矿单体解离度分别提高2.28和1.60百分点;立磨—浮选试验产品中铅精矿中铅品位及累计回收率较球磨机分别提高0.65和0.61,锌精矿中锌品位及累计回收率较之分别提高0.34和1.03百分点,硫精矿中铅和锌含量分别下降0.02、0.06百分点。综上所述针对该铅锌矿立磨机磨矿效果均优于球磨机。      

不同磨矿介质对金川铜镍矿浮选的影响研究

以金川硫化铜镍矿石为研究对象,通过浮选试验研究了不锈钢球、锆球、铸铁球三种介质磨矿时硫化铜镍矿石的浮选行为。结果表明,锆球磨矿可获得最高的回收率,铸铁球磨矿时脉石上浮量大。使用AFM、ICP等研究了磨矿产品表面形貌、电化学性质等的差异,结果表明,锆球磨矿时颗粒表面较为平整,矿浆电位较高,铸铁球磨矿时,颗粒表面较为粗糙,矿浆中检出较多铁离子,矿浆电位较低,这些差别导致了矿石浮选行为的差异。     

某含金银铅锌硫矿石银铅浮选工艺优选试验

为获得高品质的银铅精矿,对某高硫银铅锌多金属矿石分别进行异步浮选—粗精矿全部再磨浮选、异步快速浮选—中矿集中再磨浮选和分段分速异步浮选—粗精矿部分再磨浮选试验。试验结果表明：在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 70%的情况下,分段分速异步浮选—粗精矿部分再磨浮选优于其余两种工艺,浮选流程获得的银铅精矿银品位621 g/t、银回收率54.18%,铜品位0.84%、铜回收率34.62%,铅品位62.78%、铅回收率89.42%,锌品位6.45%、锌回收率5.83%。     

Studies on grinding media wear and its effect on flotation of ferrugenous phosphate ore

Marked ball grinding tests were carried out in the laboratory with a low grade phosphate ore under different experimental conditions. Two types of balls were used, namely high carbon low alloy (HCLA) cast steel and high chrome cast iron. Results of marked ball grinding tests indicated that ball wear increased with time and showed a sharp increase for wet grinding over dry grinding. Ball wear under wet grinding conditions was also influenced by the gaseous atmosphere in the mill. The grinding ball materials could be arranged in the following order with respect to their overall wear resistance:High chrome cast iron > HCLA cast steel ballsMethods to minimize ball wear through control of mill atmosphere and addition of flotation reagents are discussed. Effect of grinding media and additions of flotation reagents during grinding on phosphate ore flotation are also discussed.     

锌矿中低品位铜铅银开发利用的试验研究

针对蒙古某锌矿的矿石性质,进行了试验研究。采用铜铅混合浮选再分离工艺流程和硫酸锌+亚硫酸钠抑锌、乙硫氮捕收铜铅银工艺,铜铅混合精矿再磨、活性炭+硫化钠脱药、新型高效铅抑制剂YX-211抑铅浮铜的铜铅分离工艺,实现了该锌矿中低品位铜铅银的高效开发利用。     

云南某铜铅锌多金属矿石选矿试验研究

云南某铜铅锌多金属矿石铜、铅、锌含量分别为1.08%、1.51%、2.36%。为开发利用该矿石,对其进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明：原矿磨细至-0.075 mm占72.50%,以硫酸锌+EMT-12为抑制剂、EMS-602为捕收剂经1粗3精1扫优先选铜,选铜尾矿以石灰为调整剂、硫酸锌+EMT-12为抑制剂、EMS-001为捕收剂经1粗3精1扫选铅,选铅尾矿以硫酸铜为活化剂、丁基黄药+乙基黄药为捕收剂经1粗3精1扫选锌、选锌尾矿以EMH104+硫酸铜为活化剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂经1粗1扫选硫,可以得到铜品位为20.33%、回收率为86.29%的铜精矿,铅品位为55.68%、回收率为84.35%的铅精矿,锌品位为46.83%、回收率为86.97%的锌精矿,硫品位为38.96%、回收率为71.92%的硫精矿,达到了对铜、铅、锌、硫综合回收的目的。