基于小波变换方法的材料小阻尼识别

基于连续小波变换实现了对振动系统的小阻尼识别。该方法基本原理为通过对系统自由衰减响应的小波系数取极大获取小波脊,借助小波脊理论确定系统的各阶模态频率与指数衰减系数iζωni,采取求中值的方法获取衰减稳定段的参数,进而识别出各阶模态阻尼比。与HT法相比,该方法具有较高的稳定性和识别精度,仿真结果表明,无噪声时识别误差为0.023%,30%噪声时识别的最大误差为3.49%,而且研究中发现阻尼识别的误差与信号采样频率相关。进行了LY12材料的阻尼测试试验,根据试验测试数据对阻尼识别的结果,证明了本文方法的有效性。     

变动非比例阻尼结构的动态分析及其在汽车舒适性设计中的应用

提出了具有变动阻尼结构的动态分析新方法,直接利用非比例阻尼矩阵计算位移函数和脉冲响应函数,求得功率谱和时间历程。另外提出了对应于随机激励的结构可靠性分析、可靠度随阻尼变动的灵敏度分析方法,并把该方法成功地应用于行驶在不平整道路上车辆的舒适性分析。     

Direct identification of non-proportional modal damping matrix for lumped mass system using modal parameters

Several damping materials have been employed to reduce the vibration of marine structures. In this paper, a new method of identifying system matrices for non-proportional damping structures using modal parameters is proposed. This method has two advantages. First, the mass and stiffness matrices do not need to be calculated using the FEM, so errors due to the inaccuracy of these matrices can be reduced. Second, various indirect methods can be used to identify modal parameters such as natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes. Three case studies of lumped mass systems with non-proportional damping are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method in this study.     

State space modeling of non-proportional passive damping in machine tools

In the context of virtual development processes of mechatronic systems like machine tools, the preventive assessment of the effects of lightweight structural components on the characteristics of controlled feed systems and therefore on the power and energy requirement of machine tools is of great importance. The modeling of the damping is often limited in practical computation of real machine tools, because they are mostly limited to proportional damping characteristics. Yet the presence of discrete dampers, as for instance, in damping units in guides, or known diverse material damping in construction (components made of glass or carbon fiber-reinforced plastic), demands that the possibility of observance of non-proportional damping, in regard to later model updating, has to be given. The article demonstrates the theoretical state-space modeling of non-proportional damped mechanics using the example of a biaxial vertical lathe.     

基于小波变换的金属橡胶干摩擦系统阻尼识别

针对金属橡胶隔振器阻尼系数难于识别的特点，探讨了一种基于小波变换的干摩擦阻尼识别方法，针对金属橡胶隔振器在自由振动下的动态响应信号进行包络的提取，同时采用了Hilbert变换和Morlet小波变换这两种包络提取方法，并将分析结果与利用常规阻尼识别方法得出的结果进行了对比。结果表明，该方法具有足够的精度，并且易于实现。     

IDENTIFICATION OF NON-PROPORTIONAL MODAL DAMPING MATRIX AND REAL NORMAL MODES

Equations of motion for non-proportionally damped structures cannot be decoupled by using the real normal modes. For such structures, the complex normal modes are in common use for this purpose, but for the validation of finite element mass and stiffness matrices where physical damping matrices are not available, the related experimental real normal modes must be known. In previous publications, an identification theory using the real normal modes and the non-diagonal modal damping matrix for the non-proportionally damped system and some applications with the computer code ISSPA were presented. However, the theory cannot assure the symmetry of the identified modal damping matrix, which must be theoretically symmetric. In this paper, a method for identifying the symmetric non-proportional modal damping matrix using undamped modal parameters obtained from ISSPA is presented and the validity of the method is demon-strated through both numerical and experimental examples.     

Damping estimation using free decays and ambient vibration tests

This paper studies the quality of modal damping ratios estimates based on ambient and free vibration tests using both numerical simulations and data collected on large Civil Engineering structures where both tests were performed. The simulated data allowed to study the influence of factors like non-proportional damping or proximity of natural frequencies on the quality of the estimates and also to illustrate the influence of the identification algorithms parameters on the accuracy of the results. The analysis of data collected on a cable-stayed bridge, on the suspended roof of a stadium and on a footbridge permitted to compare the results of both testing approaches in real applications where some factors that cannot be realistically included in the numerical simulations can play an important role. The processing of ambient vibration responses is performed with two output-only identification approaches: frequency domain decomposition and stochastic subspace identification methods. The numerically simulated and the measured free decays were analyzed with a simple method based on filters and fitting of exponential decays and also with the use of subspace models.     

A wavelet-based approach for the identification of damping in non-linear oscillators

A special class of non-linear damping models is studied in which the damping force is proportional to the product of positive powers of the absolute values of displacement and velocity. For a single degree of freedom system, the Krylov–Bogoliubov averaging method is used to determine the approximate free response. The wavelet transform of this response is used as a time-scale representation for parameter identification: two methods based on this wavelet transform are presented to estimate instantaneous frequency, damping and envelope of the system. The first method uses cross-sections of the wavelet transform. The second method uses ridges and skeletons of the wavelet transform. This second method is general and gives accurate results in the case of noisy non-linear oscillators. These methods are illustrated using a simulated example.     

Comparative study of damped FE model updating methods

Most of finite element (FE) model updating techniques do not employ damping matrices and hence, cannot be used for accurate prediction of complex frequency response functions (FRFs) and complex mode shapes. In this paper, a detailed comparison of two approaches of obtaining damped FE model updating methods are evaluated with the objective that the FRFs obtained from damped updated FE models is able to predict the measured FRFs accurately. In the first method, damped updating FE model is obtained by complex parameter-based updating procedure, which is a single-step procedure. In the second method, damped updated model is obtained by the FE model updating with damping identification, which is a two-step procedure. In the first step, mass and stiffness matrices are updated and in the second step, damping matrix is identified using updated mass and stiffness matrices, which are obtained in the previous step. The effectiveness of both methods is evaluated by numerical examples as well as by actual experimental data. Firstly, a study is performed using a numerical simulation based on fixed–fixed beam structure with non-proportional viscous damping model. The numerical study is followed by a case involving actual measured data for the case of F-shaped test structure. The updated results have shown that the complex parameter-based FE model updating procedure gives better matching of complex FRFs with the experimental data.     

大型构件动态固有频率和 阻尼系数辨识方法

大型构件在实际工作环境中的系统动态固有频率和粘性阻尼系数辨识一直是一个“棘手”的问题。提出了基于非线性建模和小波变换方法的大型构件的固有频率和粘性阻尼的分析方法，成功地检测出我国某大型水轮机轴系的动态固有频率和粘性阻尼系数。通过仿真结果与理论值的比较，证实了该方法的有效性和精确性。     

Identification of modal parameters using the wavelet transform

The wavelet transform is used as a time-frequency representation for the determination of modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of a vibrating system. It is shown that using a particular form of the son wavelet function, results are improved compared to those obtained with the traditionally Morlet wavelet function. The accuracy of this new technique is confirmed by applying it to a numerical example and to ambient vibration measurements of a tower excited by wind.     

基于Laplace小波相关滤波的结构模态参数精确识别方法

为了从结构脉冲响应信号中精确识别结构模态参数,提出一种基于Laplace小波相关滤波的结构模态参数精确识别方法。首先对结构的脉冲响应信号进行经验模式分解,将结构多阶模态响应信号分解为与各单阶模态响应信号一一对应的分量,再对这些分量分别进行Laplace小波相关滤波便可准确识别结构的各阶模态参数。仿真信号的计算结果表明该方法可以得到精确的阻尼固有频率,并能准确地锁定阻尼比。悬臂梁力锤激励试验结果表明该方法在实际结构的模态参数识别中也非常有效。     

Model updating of damped structures using FRF data

Due to the important contribution of damping on structural vibration, model updating of damped structures becomes significant and remains an issue in most model updating methods developed to date. In this paper, the frequency response function(FRF) method, which is one of the most frequently referenced model updating methods, has been further developed to identify damping matrices of structural systems, as well as mass and stiffness matrices. In order to overcome the problem of complexity of measured FRF and modal data, complex updating formulations using FRF data to identify damping coefficients have been established for the cases of proportional damping and general non-proportional damping. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed complex FRF updating method, numerical simulations based on the GARTEUR structure with structural damping have been presented. The updated results have shown that the complex FRF updating method can be used to derive accurate updated mass and stiffness modelling errors and system damping matrices.     

基于递归理论的泵站压力管道运行状态监测

为了准确地识别建筑结构的模态参数,提出了一种基于多重信号分类算法（multiple signal classification,简称MUSIC）、经验小波变换（empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT）和同步提取小波变换（synchroextracting transform ,简称SET）的结构模态参数识别方法。首先,通过MUSIC-EWT对实测振动信号进行分解;其次,使用SET对单模态信号进行去噪处理;然后,采用自然环境激励技术（natural excitation technique,简称NExT）得到单模态信号的自由衰减响应;最后,利用Hilbert变换（hilbert transform,简称HT）和曲线拟合获得结构的自振频率和阻尼比。通过三层框架结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。利用该方法对台风“达维”作用下广州中信广场的实测加速度数据进行分析,并将估计的结构模态参数和其他识别方法的分析结果进行对比,进一步证明了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

基于递归理论的泵站压力管道运行状态监测

针对不利因素导致的管道运行异常问题,提出一种基于递归理论的泵站管道运行状态监测方法。首先,通过振动传感器提取压力管道关键部位的实测信息,并将同一位置不同方向的数据信息进行融合,得到一组反映结构整体动力特性的综合数据;其次,利用伪近临法与互信息法分别选取相空间重构参数m和τ;最后,绘制并计算代表管道动力特性的递归图及递归量化指标。将该方法应用于景泰川工程二期七泵站管道运行监测,通过设置不同的运行工况进行验证,结果表明：机组开关瞬间与稳定运行工况下,管道结构振动信号的递归图呈现不同模式,递归量化指标-确定性、对角线平均长度L、递归率及递归熵也呈现明显差异,能有效区分管道振动状态。该方法为压力管道的无损动态监测提供了新思路。     

MODELLING AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A SUPPORTED BRIDGE

This paper describes the dynamic tests performed on a simply supported bridge in Northern Italy under traffic excitation. The acceleration data have been used for the identification of the natural frequencies, viscous damping ratios and mode shapes of the bridge. Modal parameters have been extracted using the wavelet estimation technique, previously implemented by the authors of this paper. This work represents the first attempt in using the wavelet estimation technique directly on transient data and not on the impulse response estimates obtained via the random decrement technique. The capability of the wavelet estimation technique for extracting modal parameters from transient time responses has first been inspected by analysing a simulated set of data. The data have been obtained from the analytical continuous model of a three-span supported bridge. The bridge, excited by moving vehicles, has been modelled as a supported orthotropic plate and its response has been evaluated using the convolution technique. The vehicles have been modelled as multi-body systems, with linear suspensions and tyres flexibility, having globally seven degrees of freedom. An iterative procedure to include the dynamic interaction between the bridge and the vehicles has been implemented. The real bridge, 20 m long approximately, has been monitored using six capacitive accelerometers, measuring the accelerations in seven points of its north edge in two points of its south edge. In particular, the accelerometers on the south edge have been kept in fixed positions, acting as reference points. On the north edge, one accelerometer has been kept fixed at the mid-span location, while the remaining three have been positioned in two different set-ups. Each test has been repeated four times. The estimation of the modal parameters has been performed three times, using as reference point each of the fixed accelerometers. The results obtained from each estimation have been evaluated by means of a modal estimation ‘quality index’ introduced within the wavelet estimation technique.     

Modal parameter identification of stay cables from output-only measurements

Stay cables are one of the most critical structural components in modern cable-stayed bridges and the cable tension plays an important role in the construction, control and monitoring of cable-stayed bridges. We propose a time domain and a time-frequency domain approaches for modal parameter identification of stay cables using output-only measurements. The time domain approach uses the subspace algorithm which is improved with a new modal coherence indicator. The time-frequency approach uses the wavelet transform of signals which is improved with a new analyzing wavelet. The wavelet transform is applied to the free response of ambient vibration which is obtained using the random decrement technique. Two experiments of stay cables are presented. The first experiment concerns a stay cable in laboratory where the external load is applied through an impact hammer and the vibratory signals are acquired through four accelerometers. The second experiment concerns the Jinma cable-stayed bridge that connects Guangzhou and Zhaoqing in China. It is a single tower, double row cable-stayed bridge supported by 112 stay cables. Ambient vibration of each stay cable is carried out using accelerometers. From output-only measurements, the modal parameters of stay cables are extracted. Once the eigenfrequencies and the damping coefficients are obtained, the cable forces and the Scruton number are derived. In a continuous monitoring and modal analysis process, the tension forces and Scruton numbers could be used to assess the health of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges.     

Damping identification with the Morlet-wave

In the past decade damping-identification methods based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) have been shown to be some of the best methods for analyzing the damping of multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The CWT methods have proven themselves to be resistant to noise and able to identify damping at closely spaced natural frequencies. However, with the CWT-based techniques, the CWT needs to be obtained on a two-dimensional, time-frequency grid, and they are, therefore, computationally demanding. Furthermore, the CWT is susceptible to the edge effect, which causes a non-valid identification at the start and the end of the time-series.This study introduces a new method, called the Morlet-wave method, where a finite integral similar to the CWT is used for the identification of the viscous damping. Instead of obtaining the CWT on a two-dimensional grid, the finite integral needs to be calculated at one time-frequency point, only. Then using two different integration parameters, the damping ratio can be identified. A complete mathematical background of the new, Morlet-wave, damping-identification method is given and this results in a root-finding or a closed-form solution.The presented numerical experiments show that the new method has a similar performance to the CWT-based damping-identification methods, while the method is numerically, significantly less demanding, completely avoids the edge effect, and the procedure is straightforward to use.     

Maximum kurtosis principle for the parameter selection of Gabor wavelet and its application to ultrasonic signal processing

The noise suppression techniques with wavelet transform (WT) are widely used in nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), especially in ultrasonics. But the wavelet based filter has the property of equal Q-factor, so, it is impossible to choose the central frequency and the bandwidth arbitrarily at the same time. This paper develops a new technique using WT to eliminate this drawback. In this paper, a weak ultrasonic signals identification method by using the optimal parameter Gabor wavelet transform is proposed. We address the choice of the optimal central frequency and bandwidth of the Gabor wavelet using the kurtosis maximization algorithm. The central frequency and bandwidth of the optimal parameter Gabor wavelet matched that of the ultrasonic signal very well. Numerical and experimental results have been presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal parameter Gabor wavelet transform on ultrasonic flaw detection. This technique is a simpler and effective technique for processing heavy noised ultrasonic signals.     

Ride comfort analysis of a vehicle based on continuous wavelet transform

This paper presents the ride comfort analysis of a vehicle based on wavelet transform. Traditionally, the objective evaluation of impact harshness is based on the vibration dose value (VDV) and frequency weighting method. These methods do not consider the damping effect of the suspension system of a vehicle. In this paper, the damping is estimated using wavelet transform based on Morlet mother wavelet and its effect is considered for the subjective evaluation of impact harshness of a car.