Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.     

Vibration analysis of a cracked rotor using Hilbert–Huang transform

In this paper, the startup transient response of a rotor with a propagating transverse crack is investigated using Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT)—a relative novel time-frequency analysis method. The rotor with a growth crack is modeled by finite element method (FEM) and Dimarogonas’ method. The influence of crack propagating ratio (CGR) on instantaneous response of the rotor as it passes through the critical speed and sub-harmonic resonances is analyzed. The 1X (one times rotating frequency), 2X (two times rotating frequency) and 3X (three times rotating frequency) vibration components are studied when they appear, reach its peak and decay during startup process. Some conclusions are achieved which may be useful to detect transverse crack on the shaft. It demonstrates that the HHT is an effective tool for the analysis of non-linear, unsteady transient vibration response.     

30t轴重浴盆式敞车车体模态分析

利用ANSYS软件建立了30t轴重浴盆式敞车的车体有限元模型,介绍了车体模态分析的基本理论,并用Block Lanczos方法对浴盆式敞车车体进行了模态分析,得到了浴盆式敞车车体的前六阶固有频率及相应振型。分析结果表明：该敞车以横向振动为主,车体的一阶扭转模态频率为5．086Hz,侧墙的一阶横向弯曲模态频率为10．134Hz,振动幅度较大的区域集中在与撑杆相连接的侧墙上。而当振动频率迭到26．939Hz时,浴盆式敞车车体没有出现垂向弯曲振动,说明该敞车车体满足满足AAR《货车设计制造规范》标准的要求。     

仿生微扑翼飞行器的翅翼设计与优化

提出了微扑翼机构翅翼的共振激励放大驱动机理及其对翅翼的振动模态要求,并依据该机理用有限元方法研究了微扑翼飞行器的仿生翼设计和优化问题。通过对3种仿昆虫翅翼的模态分析,总结出能够满足共振激励要求的翅翼外型和翅脉布局,建立了参数化的自定义仿生翼模型。在此基础上,以翅翼的展弦比和翅脉关键点的坐标为主要参数,使用有限元优化方法,对仿生翅翼的模态优化进行了初步探讨。文中的建模、分析方法和结论对微扑翼飞行器的分析、设计和应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

LED粘片机偏心轴的模态分析

通过Pro/E5.0和ANSYS13.0进行偏心轴的建模与模态分析,计算偏心轴的固有频率和振型,了解其在高速工况下的动态特性问题.利用ANSYS软件中Combin 14单元模拟轴承的简单刚性约束.针对轴承刚度的不确定性,分析了偏心轴在不同刚度下的前八阶固有频率和振型,确保了模态分析结果的可靠性,有效地预估结构的振动特性,为选择电机参数提供依据,并为谐响应分析及瞬态分析奠定基础.     

基于Ansys的塔式起重机振动模态分析

塔式起重机的振动会引起较大的动态应力,模态分析就是确定其结构的振动特性,也是其他动力学的基础。以FTZ5510塔式起重机为研究对象,研究了其建模方法,建立了其整体结构的有限元模型,并以结构进行模态分析来计算结构的固有振动特性,确定结构的固有频率以及振型,为研究该型塔机的其他动力响应提供了依据。     

Crack detection in simply supported beams without baseline modal parameters by stationary wavelet transform

There are significant changes in the vibration responses of cracked structures when the crack depth is significant in comparison to the depth of the structure. This fact enables the identification of cracks in structures from their vibration response data. However when the crack is relatively small, it is difficult to identify the presence of the crack by a mere observation of the vibration response data. A new approach for crack detection in beam-like structures is presented and applied to cracked simply supported beams in this paper. The approach is based on finding the difference between two sets of detail coefficients obtained by the use of the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) of two sets of mode shape data of the beam-like structure. These two sets of mode shape data, which constitute two new signal series, are obtained and reconstructed from the modal displacement data of a cracked simply supported beam. They represent the left half and the modified right half of the modal data of the simply supported beam. SWT is a redundant transform that doubles the number of input samples at each iteration. It provides a more accurate estimate of the variances at each scale and facilitates the identification of salient features in a signal, especially for recognising noise or signal rupture. It is well known that the mode shape of a beam containing a small crack is apparently a single smooth curve like that of an uncracked beam. However, the mode shape of the cracked beam actually exhibits a local peak or discontinuity in the region of damage. Therefore, the mode shape ‘signal’ of a cracked beam can be approximately considered as that of the uncracked beam contaminated by ‘noise’, which consists of response noise and the additional response due to the crack. Thus, the modal data can be decomposed by SWT into a smooth curve, called the approximation coefficient, and a detail coefficient. The difference of the detail coefficients of the two new signal series includes crack information that is useful for damage detection. The modal responses of the damaged simply supported beams used are computed using the finite element method. For real cases, mode shape data are affected by experimental noise. Therefore, mode shape data with a normally distributed random noise are also studied. The results show that the proposed method has great potential in crack detection of beam-like structures as it does not require the modal parameters of an uncracked beam as a baseline for crack detection. The effects of crack size, depth and location, and the effects of sampling interval are examined.     

基于有限元法求解含人工裂纹圆板水中振动频率

提出了一种简便计算镶嵌在无限大障板上的周界固定的含人工裂纹圆板在水中振动频率的计算方法。在假定流体不可压、圆板小振幅振动、水中模态挠度近似为真空模态挠度的条件下,利用瑞利积分得到了因流体压而引起的附加质量密度。进而应用瑞利方法得到了圆板水中振动频率与真空中振动频率、量纲-附加虚质量增量(Nondimensionalized added virtual mass incremental)之间的关系。在真空中模态的有限元法分析数据以及采用适当方法处理奇点积分的基础上,应用离散积分计算了量纲一附加虚质量增量的值。从真空中模态特征频率出发用迭代法直到水中频率收敛为止而得到水中裂纹圆板的特征频率。方法的有效性通过周界固定圆板的量纲-附加虚质量增量与参考文献结果对比的一致性来验证。     

汽车变速箱破裂的诊断与分析

针对某型汽车在用户使用较短的时间内变速箱出现裂纹的问题,进行了试验振动分析。提出并实现了整车联结状态下的试验振动测试与模态分析,以及汽车运转状态的振动试验分析,得到了变速箱的固有频率和纵向振动模态。找出了在常用典型档位和转速情况下不平衡量对变速箱振动幅值的影响、不同减振器刚度对变速箱振动的影响,并进行了在复杂路况下对变速箱的动强度测试与分析,由此确定了变速箱的薄弱部位并找出了变速箱破裂的各种影响因素。     

Vibration and crack detection of a rotor with speed-dependent bearings

The vibration of a shaft-disk rotor containing a transverse crack and supported by speed-dependent bearings is investigated. With crack released energy, the flexibility due to crack is first evaluated. An energy principle in conjunction with the assumed-mode method follow to yield the discrete equations of motion of periodic, time-varying coefficients From the FFT analysis of the displacement responses, the two-times shaft speed component (2Ω) is extracted and serves as a good index to detect the crack location and depth. Response amplitudes to the variations of crack depth and crack location are then discussed and a technique of crack identification is introduced with the aid of response contour maps of two sensing probes.     

Rotor crack detection based on high-precision modal parameter identification method and wavelet finite element model

In this paper, a new method based on high-precision modal parameter identification method and wavelet finite element (WFE) model is presented to determine the depth and location of a transverse surface crack in a rotor system. The rotor system is modeled using finite element method of B-spline wavelet on the interval (FEM BSWI), while the crack is equivalent as a weightless rotational spring. Additionally, a novel method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Laplace wavelet is proposed to acquire modal parameters with high precision, which is implemented to improve the precision of crack identification. By providing the first three natural frequencies, contours for the specified natural frequency are plotted in the same coordinate, and the intersection of the three curves predicts the crack location and size. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can accurately identify the position and depth of different cracks. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified.     

重型铝合金结构裂纹振动红外热像检测的建模和分析

为了实现重型铝合金承力结构裂纹的振动红外热像无损检测,优化检测条件,提出振动热像检测的数学模型,用解析法研究金属裂纹振动热像检测的检测条件和影响因素。用试验说明振动热像法的有效性,用强迫振动理论和瞬态传热理论对振动热像法进行数学建模和解析计算,得出裂纹区表面温升与裂纹阻尼、激振力幅值、激振频率、激振时间、裂纹深度等力学参数的函数关系。结果表明,理论计算结果与试验现象相吻合,所提出的解析模型可以精确地描述多种主要力学参数对振动热像的影响规律。以建模和解析法研究振动热像法的振动发热规律对揭示其内在规律和建立标准操作参数窗口具有普遍意义     

Crack detection in beams using experimental modal data and finite element model

In this paper, an analytical, as well as experimental approach to the crack detection in cantilever beams by vibration analysis is established. An experimental setup is designed in which a cracked cantilever beam is excited by a hammer and the response is obtained using an accelerometer attached to the beam. To avoid non-linearity, it is assumed that the crack is always open. To identify the crack, contours of the normalized frequency in terms of the normalized crack depth and location are plotted. The intersection of contours with the constant modal natural frequency planes is used to relate the crack location and depth. A minimization approach is employed for identifying the cracked element within the cantilever beam. The proposed method is based on measured frequencies and mode shapes of the beam.     

中高频振动引起车内噪声分析研究

为解决某车型车内噪声问题,在发动机振动引起车内噪声问题分析方法的基础上,确定横摆中高频振动是引起车内噪声的主要原因,并提出解决方案。在发动机怠速状态下测量输油管道的振动状态,根据汽车噪声、振动和声振粗糙度基本理论,通过模态分析和频谱分析,得出输油管道横摆中高频振动引起的车身底板振动向车内辐射噪声。采用加装胶垫的方法降噪,改进后的实车试验结果表明,车内声压峰值从32 dB下降到24 dB,横摆中高频振动得到有效控制。     

动力总成悬置系统基于ANSYS的参数化优化设计

在有限元分析软件ANSYS中以质量矩阵单元、刚性梁单元以及弹簧单元为基本单元,用APDL程序语言对动力总成悬置系统进行参数化建模,基于能量法解耦进行模态分析,并对隔振器三向刚度进行优化配置使悬置系统各阶模态尽可能解耦。结果表明,悬置系统的模态频率与解耦度均达到满意的要求。     

压缩机出口管系振动分析及结构改进

针对某炼油厂压缩机管道在生产中,由于剧烈振动而导致开裂泄漏问题,进行了管系结构模态分析,结果表明管道开裂泄漏的原因为管系结构固有频率与激发主频率相近,形成了共振。共振使得管系薄弱环节处出现裂纹,经过累积损伤和裂纹扩展后,导致管道开裂泄漏。在此基础上提出了在不改变管系主特征条件下,进行减振设计和结构改进。管道结构经改进后,共振现象得到抑制,振幅明显减小,管道的安全性得到了保障。     

Torsional vibration analysis of a planetary gear type antiresonant vibration isolator using transfer matrix method,Part II: Application to automotive powertrain

In this research, an analytical modeling and analysis approach called the transfer matrix method is applied to study a planetary gear type dynamic antiresonant vibration isolator (PG-DAVI) for complex rotational systems. In this part 2 of series papers, the transfer matrix method is applied to an automotive powertrain system with an embedded PG-DAVI to characterize torsional vibration attenuation. First, the internal configuration of an automotive powertrain system is described as a baseline system, and its modal characteristics and harmonic responses are calculated. Then, two additional powertrain systems modified with a PG-DAVI and a classical dynamic absorber are presented. Finally, the effectiveness of vibration suppression in the powertrain system using a PG-DAVI is investigated by comparing the modal characteristics, harmonic responses, and time responses of the three powertrain configurations using the transfer matrix method as well as conventional analytical and numerical methods.     

Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response

In the present study a simple Laval rotor with a transverse crack is considered. The analysis assumes that the vibrations remain small in comparison to the sag of the rotor under its own weight. If a cracked shaft rotates slowly under the load of its own weight, then the crack will open and close once per revolution, i.e. it breathes. Considering a simple hinge model which is a very good model for small cracks with the breathing action of crack, the transient vibration response of a cracked rotor passing through its critical speed is analysed, as an attempt for crack detection and monitoring. Effects of different factors such as crack depth, unbalance eccentricity with phase and acceleration influencing vibration are investigated.     

Crack localisation and sizing in a beam based on the free and forced response measurements

In the present paper, a method of the crack localisation and sizing in a beam from the free and forced response measurements is developed. The method gives crack flexibility coefficients as a by-product. Timoshenko beam theory is used in the beam modelling for transverse vibrations. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the cracked beam free and forced vibration analysis. An open transverse surface crack is considered for the crack model. The effect of the proportionate damping has been included. A harmonic imbalance force of known amplitude and frequency is used to dynamically excite the beam with the help of an independent exiting unit. The crack localisation and sizing algorithm is iterative in nature. The iteration starts with an initial guess for the crack depth ratio and iteratively estimates the crack location and the crack depth until getting the desired convergence for both the crack location and the crack depth. For estimation of bounded flexibility coefficients, a regularisation technique has been adopted. The method has been illustrated through numerical examples. The prediction of the crack location and size are in good agreement even in the presence of the measurement error and noise.     

超声电机定子模态频率的调节

Langevin振子型杆式超声电机利用两个空间正交、同频的弯曲振动模态工作.由于Langevin振子具有预紧力沿周向分布不均、加工有误差和材料不均匀等缺陷,加工好的电机定子两相弯振模态频率往往不一致.本文从理论上分析了两相模态频率不一致对电机输出性能的影响,并提出了一种调节电机模态频率的方法.通过结构摄动理论可知,当在电机定子的合适位置去除或增加一块质量时,能改变其模态频率.求解定子的动力学方程,得出了定子修改后的模态频率.通过有限元分析和模态分析,确定了定子修改的合适位置.最后制作了定子样机,对修改前后的定子模态频率进行了测试.结果表明,两相弯振模态频率之差由原来的1 860 Hz调整到了0 Hz,验证了本文方法的正确性.本文方法在定子装配好的状态下,对其两相频率进行调节,可以降低超声电机的制作成本,提高电机的输出性能.