草莓味魔芋固体饮料的工艺研究

本文以安康当地生产的魔芋精粉和草莓果粉为基料,以麦芽糊精、黑加仑果粉为辅料,添加三氯蔗糖作为甜味剂、柠檬酸作为酸味剂进行口味的调配,并对该配方中各成分添加量进行研究。以感官品质为评价指标,首先确定魔芋膳食纤维和草莓果粉配比量,麦芽糊精的添加量,再通过正交试验对草莓味魔芋固体饮料的配方进行优化,通过优化后的饮料配方为魔芋精粉0.2g、草莓果粉1.0g、麦芽糊精0.7g、黑加仑粉末香精0.06g、柠檬酸0.015g、三氯蔗糖0.045g、Na Cl 0.01g。     

不同来源膳食纤维品质分析及抗氧化活性研究

以酶解法制备金针菇菇根、大麦苗、麦麸粉、苦瓜粉、西兰花老茎、魔芋胶粉、芦笋下脚料总膳食纤维为原料,从物化特性、吸附能力、抗氧化活性等方面进行比较。结果表明:魔芋膳食纤维持水力、膨胀力最强,分别为47.76 g/g、14.65 mL/g;持油力差异不大,均在1.5 g/g左右;西兰花老茎膳食纤维阳离子交换能力最强,为0.64 mmol/g;金针菇、大麦苗、魔芋3种膳食纤维DPPH自由基清除能力较强,均在70.0%以上;芦笋、苦瓜膳食纤维还原能力较强;大麦苗膳食纤维羟基自由基清除能力最强,为66.594%;7种膳食纤维金属螯合力差异不大,均在93.0%以上。研究结果为肥胖、便秘等特殊人群专用膳食纤维的筛选提供一定的理论依据与借鉴。     

脱乙酰改性对魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜特性的影响

目的 探究脱乙酰对魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)/黑米膳食纤维复合膜特性的影响。方法 对KGM进行脱乙酰改性,将脱乙酰前后的KGM与黑米膳食纤维、甘油、蛭石共混,采用流延法制备两种复合膜,以复合膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、溶水率为考察因素,确定最优配方,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜进行表征。结果 魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜制备最佳配方为每100 mL蒸馏水中添加魔芋葡甘聚糖0.37 g、黑米膳食纤维0.074 g、甘油0.60 g、蛭石0.074 g,复合膜的拉伸强度可达11.20 MPa。脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜最佳配方为每100 mL蒸馏水中添加脱乙酰度0.2%魔芋葡甘聚糖0.37 g、黑米膳食纤维0.074 g、甘油0.50 g、蛭石0.074 g,在此条件下,拉伸强度为12.67 MPa。脱乙酰改性使复合膜抗拉强度提高13%、断裂伸长率降低17%、溶水率降低12%、水蒸气透过系数降低41%,红外光谱与扫描电镜结果表明脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖黑米膳食纤维复合膜具有更高的稳定性。结论 脱乙酰改性处理改善了复合膜微观结构,...     

减肥代餐棒的加工工艺研究

以面粉、膳食纤维、魔芋精粉、山梨糖醇、全蛋粉等为原料,研制一种新型的代餐减肥食品。通过正交试验确定产品最佳配方为:高精面粉与低精面粉比例为2∶8(质量比);起酥油与黄油质量比为1∶1;碳酸氢氨与碳酸氢钠质量比为2∶9;膳食纤维是43g;魔芋精粉是16g;山梨糖醇是60g;麦芽糖浆是30g。     

麦麸膳食纤维片配方筛选实验研究

以麦麸膳食纤维粉为主要原料，选用符合食品安全的辅料和风味剂，以成型度、色泽、口感等指标为评价依据，通过单因素试验和正交分析，筛选出麦麸膳食纤维片的配方为：麦麸膳食纤维粉12．0g、低取代羟丙基纤维素1．0g、硬脂酸镁0．2g为原料的基础上，添加非淀粉多糖Ⅰ2．5g、植物胶Ⅱ2．5g、改性淀粉2．0g、天然食用香精0．2g，天然甜味剂5.0g，果葡糖浆0．4g。采用50-60℃、10％的植物胶Ⅰ的溶液对制成麦麸膳食纤维片进行喷涂，所制得的产品品质优良，表面光滑，口感好。     

响应面法优化魔芋膳食纤维提取及结合有氧运动对大鼠高脂血症的影响

以魔芋粉为原料,采用超声辅助法提取魔芋中膳食纤维,并研究魔芋膳食纤维结合有氧运动对大鼠高脂血症的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化魔芋膳食纤维提取工艺条件。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为碱液浓度2.1%、超声温度57℃、超声功率260 W,在此条件下,魔芋膳食纤维的平均得率为22.69%。大鼠实验结果表明:魔芋膳食纤维结合有氧运动能够使TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低,HDL-C水平显著提高,对高脂血症的大鼠起到良好的干预作用,并且两者结合效果要优于两者单独作用。     

豆渣膳食纤维面条烹煮品质特性研究

将豆渣膳食纤维添加到面条中,研究豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度、豆渣膳食纤维添加量、海藻酸钠添加量、食盐添加量对豆渣膳食纤维保健面条烹煮品质特性的影响。结果表明,豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度为100目、用量g％,海藻酸钠添加量为0．25％,食盐添加量为4．0％时,豆渣膳食纤维保健面条具有良好的烹煮品质。     

魔芋仿生椰果罐头的研制

以魔芋膳食纤维、海藻酸钠、木薯淀粉为主要原料,研制一种富含膳食纤维的魔芋仿生椰果罐头。通过试验确定了魔芋仿生椰果罐头的最佳配方和工艺参数:魔芋膳食纤维3%、海藻酸钠0.3%、木薯淀粉0.8%、糖酸比35。在此条件下生产出的魔芋仿生椰果质地均匀、表面光洁、口感好。     

魔芋膳食纤维泡腾片的研制

研制以魔芋膳食纤维为原料的泡腾片固体饮料,以口感、崩解效果、溶解效果为评价指标,采用响应面法确定了魔芋膳食纤维泡腾片的最优配方,并对其进行了质量考察。结果表明泡腾片的最佳配方为:魔芋膳食纤维粉添加量16.11%,酒石酸添加量21.29%,碳酸氢钠添加量19.70%,蛋白糖添加量13.24%。制得的魔芋膳食纤维泡腾片外观整洁、崩解迅速、溶解后溶液稳定性好,酸甜爽口,有魔芋膳食纤维独特的润滑感,且崩解时限、脆碎度和质量差异均符合中国药典规定。     

番茄渣膳食纤维酶法提取工艺及其特性研究

目的：以番茄渣为原料，研究酶法提取膳食纤维的工艺技术和膳食纤维的性能特性。方法：通过正交实验设计确定酶法提取膳食纤维的最佳条件，研究膳食纤维的膨胀性及持水力。结果：酶法提取膳食纤维的最佳条件，淀粉酶为温度70℃，pH值6．0，用酶量1．0％，时间3h；蛋白酶为温度60℃，pH值6．5，用酶量0．3％，时间为2h；酶法提取的水溶性膳食纤维（SDF）及水不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）的得率分别为6％及40％，IDF的膨胀性及持水力分别为12．7g／g及4．4mL／g。结论：酶法提取番茄渣膳食纤维得率较高，质量较好，有良好的发展前景。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.