一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法

目前,TCP拥塞控制算法作为一种可靠的数据传输被广泛应用在因特网中.在保证网络数据传输可靠性的基础上,数据流之间的公平性是算法设计的重要的性能指标之一.在单瓶颈网络环境下对TCP数据流之间的研究算法已经被提出,但对多瓶颈网络环境下TCP数据流之间的公平性研究至今不多见.因此,根据网络层的显示拥塞指示Marking Relay ECN(explicit congestion notification, ECN)技术,研究了在多瓶颈网络环境下TCP数据流的公平性,提出了一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法,并使该算法在IP网络中得以实现.仿真结果证明,此算法在多瓶颈网络环境下能使TCP流达到较好的数据流之间的公平性;而且所提出的算法与传统的TCP算法相比,有更高的吞吐量和更快的响应.总之,所提算法性能表现良好.     

基于NS2的路由器算法Droptail和RED的分析与比较

随着因特网的迅速发展,网络拥塞问题日益严重,近年来提出了许多基于路由器的拥塞控制机制。本文详细分析了基于路由器的弃尾（Droptail）和随机早期检测RED拥塞控制 机制的设计思想和算法实现。基于NS2网络仿真平台,分别在不同数据流和相同数据流情况下对两种算法的性能和原理进行了对比研究;对仿真结果进行吞吐量、延迟、振荡、丢包率等各项QoS指标的详细分析和比较,并给出了相应结论。     

基于NS2的RED和BLUE算法仿真及果分结析

随着因特网的迅速发展,网络拥塞日益严重,近年来提出了许多基于路队列管理的拥塞机制,本文分析了RED和BLUE的设计思想和算法实现。通过NS2网络仿真平台,在相同的数据流的情况下对两种算法的性能和原理进行对比,对仿真结果进行丢包率、吞吐量、平均时延等指标的分析和比较,给出结论。     

基于NS2的RED和BLUE算法仿真及结果分析

随着因特网的迅速发展,网络拥塞日益严重,近年来提出了许多基于路队列管理的拥塞机制,本文分析了RED和BLUE的设计思想和算法实现。通过NS2网络仿真平台,在相同的数据流的情况下对两种算法的性能和原理进行对比,对仿真结果进行丢包率、吞吐量、平均时延等指标的分析和比较,给出结论。     

适用于异质网络的RED算法的改进与分析

设计、分析和评价主动队列管理(AQM)算法成为近来网络拥塞问题研究的一个热点.随机提前探测(RED)算法作为AQM算法的典型代表,得到了较为广泛的应用.为了提高它的稳定性和公平性相继又开发出了ARED(adaptive RED),GRED(gentle RED),FRED(flow RED)和wRED(weighted RED)等多种改进算法.在分析了RED算法及3种变种算法的基础上,比较了它们的优缺点,给出了适用于不同性质网络连接点处的WRED改进算法,用仿真试验证明了WRED改进算法在处理异质网络拥塞问题方面具有优势.     

针对逆向流的Reno和Vegas算法性能的仿真分析

网络拥塞已经成为制约网络发展和应用的一个瓶颈.在TCP中已经实现的Reno和Vegas均是基于端到端的拥塞控制算法,它们虽然减轻了前向路径上的拥塞程度,但不能改善后向路径上数据流拥塞所导致的诸如吞吐率、丢包率等网络性能降低这一状况.基于"包丢失是由于网络拥塞引起"的假定,利用OPNET网络仿真软件,建立了单个瓶颈网络,设定了吞吐量、丢包率以及拥塞窗口(cwnd)等参数,对Reno和Vegas两种算法在逆向流中的性能进行比较,分析影响网络吞吐量的因素.仿真结果表明,在非对称网络中,Reno比Vegas更灵活且更实用,后向路径上逆向流的拥塞会极大地降低Vegas的吞吐量,使得Vegas和Reno不能很好地兼容.     

主动队列管理中P I 字节模式和包模式

主动队列管理(AQM)是近年来TCP端到端拥塞控制的一个研究热点，其中PI拥塞控制机制是建立在RED拥塞控制基础上的一种控制机制．PI机制基于两种方法控制网络拥塞现象：跟踪实时队列长度及拥塞情况下以一定概率丢弃到达队列的数据包．以上方法的计算可以基于包数目或字节数，而方法选择的不同对网络会产生不同的影响．仿真量化性地测定使用不同队列计算和标注方法情况下对通信性能产生的影响．同时，PI控制器与RED控制器在相同模式和参数设置下进行比较，可显示出PI控制具有一定的优越性．     

AD hoc网络中的机会分组调度算法

无线多跳Ad hoc网络中节点在业务发送过程中需要竞争共享信道,容易发生局部拥塞导致网络性能下降,而且节点内部采用的先入先出(FIFO)队列容易使队头阻塞,影响队列中后续分组的发送。本文提出了一种机会分组调度算法CBOS,发送节点采用多播RTS的方式同时指向多个接收节点,可以支持可变长分组,提高了Ad hoc网络的空间重用率,接收节点根据拥塞程度按照一定概率返回CTS,有利于节点网络的拥塞控制。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了网络端到端的饱和吞吐量和信道利用率,并提高了业务流之间的公平性。     

变结构拥塞控制协议的改进算法

在高速网络情况下,变结构拥塞控制协议(VCP)能够很好地解决网络瓶颈处带宽利用率的问题,其公平性相对于其他高速算法也有了很大的提高.但VCP拥塞状态划分不够精确,存在着粗粒度的拥塞反馈信息和收敛速度慢等方面的不足.针对以上问题提出了VCP的改进算法,结合源端检测延时信息和路由器反馈的负载因子来综合判断网络的拥塞状态,自适应地调节拥塞窗口.仿真结果表明该算法能有效提高VCP的公平性和收敛速度.     

基于优先级的CHOKe算法仿真与性能分析

为将区分服务(DiffServ)网络架构中的优先级服务与网络拥塞控制相结合,提出一种应用于DiffServ架构核心路由器的CHOKe算法(CHOKeW)。针对不同优先级别的数据流进行带宽分区,为高优先级的数据流分配高带宽,并且当发生网络拥塞时通过限制高速非响应流占用的带宽,达到保护响应流的同时兼顾相同优先级数据流公平性的目的。实验使用NS-2建立仿真模型,分析CHOKeW算法、加权公平队列算法、RIO算法的不同优先级混合流的带宽公平分配情况,结果表明,CHOKeW算法能够有效提高网络性能,保证网络服务质量,并且较好地解决基于公平性和优先级的带宽分配问题     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.