微波辐射磷钨酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以磷钨酸为催化剂,以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.研究了反应物投料比、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、催化剂用量、带水剂用量等因素对产品收率的影响.确定了最佳反应条件为:环己酮0.2 mol,n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.50%,微波辐射功率600 W,辐射时间16 min,带水剂(环己烷)用量15 mL.在此条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的产率可达82.0%.     

微波辐射氨基磺酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以氨基磺酸为催化剂、环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,研究了反应物摩尔比、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应温度等因素对产品收率的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：环己酮为0．2mol,n（环己酮）：n（1,2-丙二醇）=1：1．3,微波辐射功率500W,微波辐射时间20min,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0．18％,带水剂环己烷用量15mL,反应温度130℃。在此条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达77．2％。     

微波辐射下无溶剂催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以硫酸氢钾为催化剂,不用溶剂,合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。考察了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、微波功率和辐射时间对产品收率的影响。结果表明,硫酸氢钾有着良好的催化活性,在环己酮用量0.2 mol,n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.25%,微波功率450 W,辐射时间10 min条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率可达79.2%,催化剂重复使用4次仍保持较高活性。     

活性炭负载柠檬酸催化合成环己酮 1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用活性炭负载柠檬酸催化剂,以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料,环己烷为带水剂合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应收率的影响。得到较佳工艺条件为:n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,带水剂的用量为反应物总体积的35%,催化剂的用量为反应物总质量的3.1%,回流反应2.5 h,产品收率为89.4%。对催化剂的重复使用性进行了考查,实验结果表明:活性炭负载柠檬酸是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在优化条件下,催化剂重复使用5次产品收率基本不变。     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/PAn的制备,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂对缩酮反应催化活性的影响,并系统研究了原料量比、催化剂用量和反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.5 、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.50%、环己烷为带水剂、反应时间60 min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达81.6%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/Ce(Ⅳ)催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以环己酮与1,2-丙二醇为原料,稀土固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/Ce(Ⅳ)为催化剂,合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明,在n(酮):n(醇)=1:1.5、催化剂用量占反应物总质量的1.7%、带水剂环己烷用量占反应物总质量的30%、反应时间1 h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率可达84.28%.     

固体超强酸S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2催化环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮研究

以S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2为催化剂,用环己酮1,2-丙二醇合成缩酮.系统地研究了带水剂及其用量、酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.通过正交实验得出适宜的反应条件为:n (环己酮) :n (1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.0% ,带水剂环己烷5.0mL,反应时间50min.在上述条件下,缩酮收率可高达91.47% .     

MCM-48分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以MCM-48分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸为多相催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮.采用正交实验法探讨了MCM-48分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料用量、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对收率的影响.结果表明MCM-48分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸是合成环己酮1,2丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮)n(1,2丙二醇)=11.6,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.2%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0 h的条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达90.7%.     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/Ce(IV)催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以环己酮与1,2-丙二醇为原料,稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Ce(IV)为催化剂,合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,在n(酮)n∶(醇)=1 1∶.5、催化剂用量占反应物总质量的1.7%、带水剂环己烷用量占反应物总质量的30%、反应时间1h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率可达84.28%。     

硅胶负载硅钨酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以硅胶负载硅钨酸为催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮;通过正交实验优选反应条件,研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%、带水剂环己烷10mL、反应时间45min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达79.0%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。