6种主要储粮害虫成虫的耐饥饿能力研究

研究了不同饥饿条件下6种重要储粮害虫赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、米象、谷蠹和烟草甲成虫的耐饥饿能力.研究结果表明,对于羽化后1周龄的6种储粮害虫成虫,赤拟谷盗和烟草甲成虫耐饥饿能力较强,耐饥饿时间可达到30 d以上,其次为锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹成虫,耐饥饿时间可达到15 d以上,米象成虫耐饥性最弱,7 d后死亡率即...     

紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸诱捕与取样筛检法检测储粮害虫比较研究

在散装储藏稻谷的平房仓中比较研究了紫外诱杀灯、瓦楞纸板和取样筛检检测储粮害虫的效果。在夏季近4个月的研究观察中,发现紫外诱杀灯可较取样筛检早近2个月大量检测到锈赤扁谷盗,早约2个月检测到较多的谷蠹,紫外诱杀灯没有诱集到赤拟谷盗。瓦楞纸板诱捕锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗较取样筛检法所得时间早、数量多,但在检测到谷蠹的时间上要比取样筛检晚4周的时间。随着环境温度的升高,紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸板诱集到锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗的数量都有增加和波动,瓦楞纸板诱集到谷蠹的数量变化很小。     

碘钨灯诱杀锈赤扁谷盗的试验

锈赤扁谷盗耐干燥、耐低温,抗药性强,繁殖能力强,一旦感染就会在仓内大量繁殖,引起粮食发热,还可能伴随着其它储粮害虫的产生.利用锈赤扁谷盗善于飞行,具有较强的趋光性的特点,尝试用碘钨灯进行诱杀锈赤扁谷盗的试验.试验效果表明:碘钨灯诱杀锈赤扁谷盗表现一般,但诱捕效果良好.通过方案调整,碘钨灯诱捕结合盛有敌敌畏溶液的药剂盒以...     

紫外线诱捕灯防治锈赤扁谷盗技术浅析

锈赤扁谷盗等储粮害虫抗药性很强,通过一次常规用药剂量熏蒸很难将其彻底杀灭,我库采用紫外灯诱捕结合磷化氢熏蒸防治锈赤扁谷盗取得良好效果,可以减少磷化氢熏蒸次数、节约费用、降低储粮成本。     

4种烟剂对空仓储粮害虫成虫的药效试验

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂杀虫效果差,施用操作麻烦,杀虫剂对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内,进行了残杀威、敌百虫、溴氰菊酯及高效氯氰菊酯4种烟剂对谷蠹、米象、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗和嗜卷书虱等6种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,2.5%溴氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果最好,100%杀死试虫;2%高效氯氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果次之,试虫死亡率在99.3%以上;20%残杀威的触杀效果较溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯差一些,赤拟谷盗试虫死亡率85%以上;30%敌百虫烟剂的触杀作用较差,谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗试虫的死亡率在85%以上。     

空仓内干法喷施食品级惰性粉杀虫效果评价

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂效果差,易增加储粮害虫的抗药性,对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内进行了国内自行研制移动式喷粉机干法喷施食品级惰性粉对谷蠹、玉米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗等5种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,喷粉机施药效果好,药剂形成尘雾分散均匀,在仓房各个方位无明显差异,形成的药膜可在3天内100%杀死供试的储粮害虫成虫。     

高压诱捕灯结合敌敌畏对锈赤扁谷盗的防治

与磷化氢环流熏蒸相比,采用高压诱捕灯结合敌敌畏防治锈赤扁谷盗取得更好的效果,通过对比实验表明:高压诱捕灯结合敌敌畏诱杀锈赤扁谷盗可以做到早发现、早防治,有效控制害虫数量,减少对粮食危害、降低害虫抗药性,节省储粮费用。     

酵母对锈赤扁谷盗羽化、发育历期、成虫体重、雌雄比及引诱行为的影响

前期实验表明,锈赤扁谷盗喜食含酵母的食物,且发现添加酵母可增加锈赤扁谷盗种群数量,为明确酵母对锈赤扁谷盗生长繁殖和行为调控的影响,本文测定了取食含不同浓度活性酵母和灭活酵母食物的锈赤扁谷盗发育历期、羽化成虫数量、初羽化体重、雌雄比以及成虫体重增长率等生物学参数;利用四臂嗅觉仪比较了活性、灭活酵母和酵母提取物及其挥发物对锈赤扁谷盗的引诱力,及利用GC-MS分析三种酵母挥发物组分。结果表明,活性酵母和灭活酵母处理锈赤扁谷盗羽化成虫数量显著高于对照;添加活性酵母、灭活酵母均可缩短锈赤扁谷盗的发育历期;添加灭活酵母可显著提高羽化雌成虫比例和初羽化雌成虫的体重增长率。锈赤扁谷盗对灭活酵母具有较强的偏好性,这可能与灭活酵母挥发物中特有的二丁基化羟基甲苯等11种化合物有关。综上所述,摄取的酵母可能主要为锈赤扁谷盗提供营养物质,灭活酵母更适合作为锈赤扁谷盗生长发育的营养源;灭活酵母及其挥发物对锈赤扁谷盗具有较高的引诱作用,这为明确酵母对锈赤扁谷盗的引诱作用和利用提供参考。     

锈赤扁谷盗食物源引诱剂筛选及作用机制分析

本文评估了不同食物组合对锈赤扁谷盗的诱虫效果,并分析了不同温度、虫口密度、食物挥发物等因素对引诱剂诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：在室内和实仓,食物组合5和17对锈赤扁谷盗都具有较好的引诱效果。食物组合5在20~30 ℃下随温度增高诱虫活性升高,30 ℃时具最高诱虫活性26.39%;2.5~15头/kg虫口密度下诱虫率为22.22%~51.85%。食物组合17在实仓中最大诱虫率为75.56%,最长持效期可达40 d。食物挥发物在食物组合诱虫中起重要作用,食物组合5挥发物诱虫率为对照诱芯的2.20倍;锈赤扁谷盗触角对食物组合5挥发物的1~100倍稀释液均有明显的电生理活性。本研究筛选出2个锈赤扁谷盗食物源引诱剂,有望用于粮仓等锈赤扁谷盗的种群动态监测和绿色防控。     

黄色花蝽对几种3龄储藏物害虫捕食功能反应及捕食偏好性研究

为保证国家粮食安全,寻找有效的储粮害虫生物防治的方法,本文研究了黄色花蝽Xylocoris flavipes Reuter雌成虫对3龄的赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linnaeus、嗜卷书虱Li poscelis bostrychophila Badonnel的防控能力,在室内条件下研究了黄色花蝽对以上几种储粮害虫的3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应方程,以及对以上储粮害虫寻找效应、种内干扰反应和对不同猎物的捕食偏好。结果表明:黄色花蝽雌成虫对3龄的赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗、嗜卷书虱的捕食功能反应方程均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。根据方程拟合发现黄色花蝽对3龄嗜卷书虱日捕食量最大,最大为44.6头/d。黄色花蝽对各种害虫的寻找效应均随着猎物密度的增大而减小。当猎物的密度达到一定数量后,随着黄色花蝽数量的增多,捕食猎物的平均捕食率随之下降。通过比较黄色花蝽对不同害虫的捕食偏好性Cain指数,结果表明黄色花蝽更偏好捕食锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press