纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对Ni-Co基纳米复合电刷镀层的组织和性能影响

采用电刷镀技术制备了不同Al2O3颗粒含量的合金纳米复合电刷镀层,采用扫描电镜、硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试了纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对镀层的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,电刷镀层沉积速度降低、表面形貌平整,显微硬度先提高而后减低,磨痕深度先减小后增大,摩擦系数先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米Al2O3含量为20g/L时,镀层具有最优的组织和性能。     

n-Al2O3/Ni复合镀层的组织与接触疲劳行为

利用SEM和TEM分析了n-Al2O3／Ni复合镀层的表面形貌和微观组织,研究了该镀层的接触疲劳行为。结果表明,复合刷镀层的表面形貌细腻,镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量较低时这些颗粒在镀层中呈弥散分布,而含量较高时存在一定的团聚。随着镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的接触疲劳寿命逐渐增加,含量为20g/L时达到最大,约为190万次,是纯镍镀层的1．5倍;含量进一步增加时,寿命急剧降低。失效分析表明,纯镍镀层的疲劳断口发生强烈的塑性变形;镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量为40g/L时,复合镀层的疲劳断口呈现脆性断裂特征。     

纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Ni-Co基纳米复合电刷镀层组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用电刷镀技术制备了不同Al_2O_3颗粒含量的合金纳米复合电刷镀层,使用扫描电镜、硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试了镀液中纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量对镀层的沉积速度、纳米颗粒含量、硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,电刷镀层沉积速度降低、表面形貌平整,显微硬度先提高而后降低,磨痕深度和摩擦系数先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米Al_2O_3含量为20 g/L时,镀层具有最优的组织和性能。     

镀液中纳米颗粒浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni复合电沉积的影响

利用电沉积方法制备了n–Al₂O₃/Ni复合镀层。研究了镀液中添加不同纳米颗粒浓度对复合镀层沉积速率、电流效率、镀层中纳米颗粒共析量、表面形貌及腐蚀电位的影响。研究表明，随着镀液中纳米颗粒浓度提高，镀层中的纳米颗粒共析量也随之提高，在20 g/L时趋于稳定；沉积速度和电流效率先增后降，在30 g/L时达到最大；纳米颗粒的加入改变并细化了镀层的表面形貌；当纳米颗粒浓度20 g/L和30 g/L时镀层表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

镀液中纳米颗粒浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni复合电沉积的影响

利用电沉积方法制备了n-Al2O3/Ni复合镀层.研究了镀液中添加不同纳米颗粒浓度对复合镀层沉积速率、电流效率、镀层中纳米颗粒共析量、表面形貌及腐蚀电位的影响.研究表明,随着镀液中纳米颗粒浓度提高,镀层中的纳米颗粒共析量也随之提高,在20 g/L时趋于稳定;沉积速度和电流效率先增后降,在30 g/L时达到最大;纳米颗粒的加入改变并细化了镀层的表面形貌;当纳米颗粒浓度20 g/L和30 g/L时镀层表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

氧化物颗粒增强 Ni-W-P / Nb2 O5 复合镀层制备及其耐腐蚀性能

目的对NdFeB磁性材料进行表面防护处理,改善其耐腐蚀性能。方法利用化学镀方法,在NdFeB基体材料表面制备氧化物颗粒增强的晶态和非晶态Ni-W-P/Nb2O5复合镀层,对镀层的组织形貌、元素组成分布及物相进行分析,并通过化学腐蚀失重法对耐腐蚀性能进行测试。结果当镀液中的次亚磷酸钠含量为20 g/L时,形成了晶态镀层;为35 g/L时,形成了非晶态镀层。晶态和非晶态Ni-W-P/Nb2O5镀层均由胞状突起组成,其中弥散分布着共沉积的Nb2O5颗粒。镀层样品的XRD图谱中没有出现与钕铁硼相关的衍射峰。对于制备的晶态和非晶态复合镀层,镀液中Nb2O5质量浓度由5 g/L增加到15 g/L时,化学腐蚀速率明显下降;Nb2O5质量浓度由15 g/L增加到20 g/L时,化学腐蚀速率的下降变得缓慢。结论利用化学镀可以在NdFeB磁性材料表面制备致密的Nb2O5增强Ni-W-P复合镀层,且随着Nb2O5含量的增加,复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能提高。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒含量对复合镀层组织和滑动磨损行为的影响

采用电刷镀技术在45钢表面制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒增强镍基复合镀层，研究了纳米Al2O3颗粒在镀液中的含量对镀层的组织、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响，并分析探讨了影响机理。结果表明，随着镀液中纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的增加，复合镀层的组织趋于细化，在含量为20g／L时复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性出现极值，其磨损机制也随之发生改变，这与纳米Al2O3颗粒在复合镀层中的含量和分布状态密切相关。     

纳米ZrO2含量对Ni/ZrO2刷镀层组织和硬度的影响

采用电刷镀技术制备了Ni/ZrO2纳米复合刷镀层,对镀层的表面组织结构、显微硬度进行了观察、测定和分析.结果表明:当镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层的形貌最为平整致密,晶粒最为细小,硬度达到峰值(581.4 HV);随着热处理温度的升高,Ni/ZrO2纳米复合镀层的显微硬度呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在250℃时达到极大值(688.9 HV),表现出较好的耐高温软化性能.     

纳米稀土CeO2掺杂对Ni-Fe-Co-P合金镀层性能的影响

利用喷射电沉积技术制备了Ni-Fe-Co-P-CeO_2复合镀层。通过SEM、XRD、EDS等测试了复合镀层的表面形貌、截面形貌、物相结构和组成成分,同时,表征了复合镀层的硬度、耐磨和耐蚀性能,探究和分析了纳米稀土CeO_2颗粒浓度对镀层性能的影响。结果表明:该多元复合镀层为非晶态结构;随着镀液中CeO_2颗粒浓度的增加,复合镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性均呈先增强后减弱的趋势;镀液中CeO_2颗粒浓度为1 g/L时,复合镀层的表面均匀致密,其HV_(0.1)显微硬度达到最大值5982 MPa,且具有最优的耐磨和耐蚀性能。     

表面活性剂对Ni-P-Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响

目的 改善Ni-P-纳米Al2O3复合镀层的均匀性,提高其耐蚀性能.方法 采用化学镀法在Q235钢表面制备Ni-P纳米Al2O3复合镀层,分析纳米Al2O3添加量(0～10g/L)对镀层形貌的影响.施镀过程中选用不同种类的表面活性剂来分散纳米Al2O3,通过XRD分析镀层的相组成,采用SEM、EDS研究镀层形貌和成分,通过测量施镀前后纳米Al2O3的Zeta电位来研究非均一镀液的稳定性和纳米粒子的分散性能,利用电化学阻抗手段研究镀膜样品在3.5％NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性能,从而分析镀液中表面活性剂的种类和用量对复合镀层的影响.结果 随着镀液中纳米粒子添加量的增加,镀层中Al2O3含量先增加后趋于稳定,同时镀层表面纳米Al2O3团聚现象也随之加剧.添加一定量表面活性剂之后,镀层变得均匀,纳米粒子团聚减少,其中阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)在低浓度下就能对纳米Al2O3分散产生显著作用,而阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)需在较高浓度下才能达到相似效果.结论 当镀液中阴离子表面活性剂用量为1.25cmc,Al2O3添加量为6g/L时,镀层最为均匀,且样品在3.5％NaCl水溶液中耐蚀性能最好.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.