Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Ethnicity and Housing: Accommodating Differences. Frederick W. Boal (ed).
Valuing the Built Environment: GIS and House Price Analysis. Scott Orford.
Understanding and Interpreting Economic Structure (Advances in Spatial Science). G.J.D. Hewings, M. Sonis, M. Madden and Y. Kimura (eds).     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Regional Development and Planning for the 21^st Century. Allen G. Noble, Frank H. Costa, Ashok K. Dutt and Robert B. Kent (Eds.)
The Economics of Industrial Location: A Logistics-Costs Approach. (Advances in Spatial Science) Philip McCann
Cultivating Grass-Roots for Regional Development in a Globalising Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Organised Markets. James Cecora     

基于空间自相关分析的城市公共设施空间公平研究——以杭州中心城区中小学布局为例

本文应用空间自相关分析方法。分析杭州市中小学在空间分布模式。研究结果表明杭州市中小学在空间分布上具有正相关性,存在空间集聚的特征。通过分析中小学的空间分布模式。找出中小学分布比较分散和可达性差的地区。建议未来规划予以重视与优先改善。     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Spatial Economic Science: New Frontiers in Theory and Methodology (Advances in Spatial Science). Aura Reggiani (ed.).
Invention and the Rise of Technocapitalism. Luis Suarez-Villa.
Regional Economic Change in Russia. P. Hanson, M. Bradshaw (eds).     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Information and Pricing in Road Transportation. (Advances in Spatial Science) R.H.M. Emmerink
Crossing Borders: Regional and Urban Perspectives on International Migration. Cees Gorter, Peter Nijkamp, Jacques Foot (eds.)
University Research and Regional Innovation. A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Academic Technology Transfers. Attila Varga     

Impact of Operating Conditions on the Productivity of Star-Rated Hotels in Mainland China: Verification from Spatial Metrology

Room occupancy rate is a key indicator of star-rated hotel management quality. This paper takes Cobb-Douglas production function as the theoretical framework. Spatial Moran index of autocorrelation, Spatial Lag Model(SLM) and Spatial Error Model(SEM) are used to analyze the star-rated hotels labor productivity of 31 provincial regions in mainland China based on the star-rated hotels statistical data of year 2016. The spatial correlation and spatial difference of the star-rated hotels labor productivity is discussed. This paper studies the impact of three factors on spatial characteristics of star-rated hotels labor productivity in mainland China. The econometric estimation results show that:(1) Star-rated hotels labor productivity present significant spatial dependence and spatial difference in mainland China.(2) The estimation results of Ordinary least Squares(OLS) are reliable.(3) The reliability of the results obtained by the Spatial Error Model(SEM) analysis is the highest, and has a stronger explanatory power to the spatial relationship of star-rated hotels labor productivity in mainland China. The average room occupancy rate has more influence on the labor productivity of the provincial star-rated hotels than the impact of capital and labor.     

Spatial autoregressively distributed lag models: equivalent forms, estimation, and an illustrative commuting model

A spatial generalization of the (well-known special case from times series) Autoregressively Distributed lag model is defined. Equivalent forms—a Spatial Error Correction model, a Spatial Bewley model, and a Spatial Baardsen model—are considered. As none of these are consistently estimated by Ordinary Least Squares, an Instrument Variable estimation procedure is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that there is a tendency to biased estimation results if the spatial autoregression is extremely low or extremely high. Finally, an empirical case illustrates the concepts discussed.     

Book reviews

Regional Convergence in the European Union: Facts, Prospects and Policies (Advances in Spatial Science). J.R. Cuadrado-Roura and M. Parellada (eds.)
Regional Economic Development: Analysis and Planning Strategy (Advances in Spatial Science). R.J. Stimson, R.R. Stough, and B.H. Roberts
Convergence after Divergence? Regional Growth in Europe. Gabriele Tondl
The Decline of the South African Economy. Stuart Jones (ed)
Regional Policies and Comparative Advantage. Börje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson, and Roger R. Stough (eds.)     

一种新的生态和管治哲学——荷兰国家空间战略及其对中国战略性规划的意义

荷兰的国家空间规划编制始于1960年,最新出台的国家空间战略(2004)是在第五个国家空间政策文件草案(1996-2001)的基础上制定的,该战略从新的管治哲学出发,利用"层"分析法,确定了新的政策目标,提出了具有发展优先级的6个"国家城市网络"和13个"经济核心区".荷兰的国家空间战略具有以意愿为导向而非问题导向,在提升经济竞争性的同时强调空间品质的建设,关注和反思城乡关系的融合,强调行动导向,重视规划政策的实施或衔接等特点,对中国战略性规划的编制具有借鉴意义.     

Vinex: National Spatial Planning Policy in the Netherlands during the nineties

December 1993 saw the publication of Part 4 of the Spatial Planning Key Decision known as “VINEX” for short. The supplement to the Fourth National Policy Document on Spatial Planning (Vierde Nota over de Ruimtelijke Ordening Extra) was the product of at least eight years work, involving many consultations. This article explores the content of the VINEX which consists partly of a continuation of policies set out in previous policy documents on spatial planning and partly of new policies which have been developed and shaped during those eight years. Special attention is paid to the way these policies are being implemented, whereby new approaches are used as well as tried and tested methods. All in all, the VINEX has stirred up quite a commotion. We discuss this in our concluding remarks. Drs. M.M.A. Galle and Drs E.J.E Modderman work for the Future Scenarios and Policy Evaluation Division of the National Spatial Planning Agency, The Hague. They are involved with the evaluation of the VINEX policy and the BALANCE 2010 project, in which the VINEX policies will be taken forward to 2010. BALANCE 2010 will provide baseline material for the next policy document in the form of internal reports and memorande, which will not be available separately. The authors have drawn upon information, data and analyses produced by other agency staff for BALANCE 2010. The views expressed in this paper are the authors’ and do not necessarily represent those of the National Spatial Planning Agency. Unpublished reports may be obtained upon request from the National Spatial Planning Agency, P.O. Box. 30940, 2500 GX The Hague, The Netherlands.     

一种基于Oracle Spatial的WebGIS实现方案

本文论述了WebGIS的特点、发展现状和主要的开发解决方案,介绍了GIS的空间数据和属性数据在Oracle Spatial空间数据库中一体化存储的实现方法,提出了基于Oracle Spatial的客户端方式快速开发WebGIS的解决方案,最后简要介绍了一种基于该方案开发WebGIS系统的运行实例。     

考虑空间效应的基坑开挖及数值模拟

介绍了空间效应在天津市区某工程基坑开挖过程中的应用,观测围护结构的变形和坑外建筑物的沉降,并用有限元分析空间效应对基坑开挖的影响,结果表明基坑开挖具有明显的空间效应作用,合理利用这种空间效应,将有效的减少围护结构的变形,同时减少开挖对周围环境的影响。     

基于空间句法的北京大观园造园特色分析

空间句法是通过演算的方式量化分析空间之间联系的新式语言。基于空间句法进行拓扑学分析,借助Depth map软件对北京大观园空间进行定量分析,探寻空间与功能的关系,空间与人的行为和性格的联系。对大观园的视域范围进行测算,从可视层和可行层定量分析其连接度、整合度和深度值。结论如下： （1）空间句法从拓扑学的角度重新定义了大观园功能与空间的关系;（2）大观园“叠石理水”手法改变视线深度和面域;（3）大观园的造园艺术手法丰富了空间的转合关系。为量化分析中国传统园林空间关系提供了方法。     

HOW FUNCTIONAL ARE ECONOMIC AREAS? TESTS FOR INTRA-REGIONAL SPATIAL ASSOCIATION USING SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Spatial associations within eight Southeastern Functional Economic Areas were investigated using three spatial data analysis techniques (Moran's L. G₂(d) statistic and local Moran) and 1980 to 1990 population change at the country and census tract levels. Core hinterland relationships in EEAs were categorized as spread through growth, spread through decentralization, backwards or independent, based on intra regional patterns of spatial association. Findings indicate that all four of the spread backwash typologies were evident among the eight economic regions. Yet, spatial association with the core (spread or backwash) generally was limited to hinterland areas at the core's range. Spatial dependence between core and hinterland areas declined with distance from the economic region's core area. For many rural locations, changes in economic activity are independent of economic development experiences in nearby locations.     

空间的体验与感知——诺伊恩多夫别墅设计解析

诺伊恩多夫别墅是约翰·帕森(John Pawson)和克劳迪奥·席维斯金(Claudio Silvestrin)在设计生涯初期合作设计的作品,被西蒙·昂温(Simon Unwin)誉为每个建筑师都应该了解的20座建筑之一。设计者在诺伊恩多夫别墅中创造出丰富而又有深度的空间层次,本文从空间体验和空间感知两个方面对诺伊恩多夫别墅进行解析——从形式推导和形式生成入手,分析空间动态漫游的体验;从空间与自然、光线、材料的关系入手,分析空间静态的感知。诺伊恩多夫别墅的设计证明了空间之于建筑的核心地位,反映出设计中体验与感知空间的重要性,这对于当前建筑设计手法具有补充和借鉴意义。     

空间索杆式展开结构的动力学研究与分析

本文针对空间索杆式展开结构的特点,利用多刚体动力学的研究成果建立展开过程分析的动力学模型,分析了约束方程及其雅可比矩阵的形成,结合系统的约束方程来分析机构的运动状态,最后对系统的机构单元进行数值仿真计算,得到了对伸展臂的指标确定和设计有重要指导意义的数值分析结果.计算结果表明,文中结构模型的设计方案是可行的.     

流动人口的居住方式及其影响因素分析——以西安市为例

随着城市化进程的加速,流动人口的数量越来越多,了解他们在城市中的居住空间分布、模式及其影响因素可以帮助我们更好的解决和改善他们的居住条件。本文以西安市为例,调查了流动人口的居住空间分布和模式,并分析了其影响因素,以期为解决和改善流动人口的居住条件提供依据。     

上海控制性详细规划空间管制方法研究

空间管制是控制性详细规划的核心内容之一。优化空间管制的重点在于建立完整的空间管制技术体系,并将城市设计纳入控制性详细规划,使控制性详细规划能够较为全面地实现对城市空间的管理。空间管制的指标体系应兼具强制性和适应性,满足多元化建设的要求。空间管制应以公共空间为重心,在尊重私有物权的基础上,充分保障社会公众和城市整体利益的最大化。     

动荷载作用下强度发挥面和空间强度发挥面上砂土的应力 …

以饱和福建标准砂在不同条件下固结不排水振动三轴试验为基础,详细研究了强度发挥面和空间强度发挥面（ＳＭＰ面）上的剪正应力比与正剪应变比关系。结果表明,在动荷载作用下只有应力比与应变增量比间在强度发挥面和ＳＭＰ面上均存在线性关系,且密度、周围压力、固结应力比、动应力幅值和振次发生变化时此关系均不受影响,在应力比与应变全量比间无简单的线性关系。     

CRONWE: first attempts to institutionalize European spatial planning

ABSTRACT

This paper is about a relatively unknown north-west European organization of spatial planning: the (standing) Conference for Spatial Planning in North-Western Europe. The founders of CRONWE tried to create a European spatial planning approach that could influence spatial development in the early years of European integration as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and later the European Economic Community (EEC) were created. Spatial development, as a topic to be addressed, never reached the negotiation tables though, and CRONWE was created as a permanent platform for discussion with the obvious hope that gradually ‘Europe’ would recognize the relevance and even necessity of European spatial planning. In this paper we use a number of basic concepts of the historical institutionalist approach towards planning research; in particular institutionalization, critical junctures, and path dependency. We apply these concepts to analyse and evaluate the four decades that CRONWE existed. We are particularly interested in assessing why the CRONWE planning agenda remained marginal in the European integration process.