基于规则的现代汉语常用助词用法自动识别

目前已有的助词研究成果很难直接应用于自然语言处理的机器识别。在现代汉语词典、规则库、语料库“三位一体”的助词知识库基础上,采用基于规则的方法进行了现代汉语常用助词用法的自动识别。对比规则优化前后的实验结果证明,对用法的规则进行细化、扩充和调序可以有效地提高助词用法识别的准确率和召回率,减轻人工标注的工作量,提高大规模语料库的质量。     

副词“就”的用法及其自动识别研究

作者近年来从事现代汉语虚词知识库研究,并初步构建了包括副词、介词、连词、助词、语气词等的虚词用法词典、用法规则库以及用法语料库的“三位一体”现代汉语虚词知识库。该文在已有工作的基础上,进一步考察副词“就”在1998年1月《人民日报》分词与词性标注语料中的出现规律,通过规则描述、自动标注、人工校对、机器学习等方面的探索,研究副词“就”用法(包括义项)的形式化描述及其自动识别问题,并给出详细的实验结果。     

统计与规则并举的汉语词性自动标注算法

本文提出并实现了一种基于定量统计分析优先的统计和规则并举的汉语词性自动标注算法.本算法引入置信区间的概念,优先采用高准确率的定量统计分析技术,然后利用规则标注剩余语料和校正部分统计标注错误.封闭和开放测试表明,在未考虑生词和汉语词错误切分的情况下,本算法的准确率为98.9%和98.1%.     

汉语常用语气词用法规则自动改进算法研究

现代汉语语气词用法的自动识别采用语气词用法词典、语气词用法规则库、语气词用法语料库"三位一体"的方式。由于语料规模较大,真实文本中语气词的用法又各具特点,因此人工书写的规则库主观性较强且难以全面的覆盖各种用法。针对现代汉语10个常用的语气词,研究了基于错误驱动的规则自动改进算法。实验结果表明,这种方法使大部分常用语气词的用法识别准确率有了一定程度的提高。     

汉语语料词性标注自动校对方法的研究

兼类词的词类排歧是汉语语料词性标注中的难点问题,它严重影响语料的词性标注质量。针对这一难点问题,本文提出了一种兼类词词性标注的自动校对方法。它利用数据挖掘的方法从正确标注的训练语料中挖掘获取有效信息,自动生成兼类词词性校对规则,并应用获取的规则实现对机器初始标注语料的自动校对,从而提高语料中兼类词的词性标注质量。分别对50万汉语语料做封闭测试和开放测试,结果显示,校对后语料的兼类词词性标注正确率分别可提高11.32%和5.97%。     

基于搭配模式的汉语词性标注规则的获取方法

文章介绍了一种基于搭配模式的汉语词性标注规则的获取方法。该方法从已标注了词性的语料库中自动获取候选搭配模式规则,然后根据可信度从候选规则中选择出大于某阈值的规则,再通过不断测试新语料来完善规则。将获取的规则用于汉语的词性标注,使标注的正确率得到了明显提高。     

一种基于Bootstrapping构建训练语料的方法

提出一种基于Bootstrapping算法构建训练语料的方法.该方法从自动标注的语料中随机选取部分语料,人工修正后生成种子集,用该种子集训练一个基于类的语言模型,然后使用该模型自动标注剩余的语料;再从剩余语料中选取部分语料进行以上处理,如此循环直到训练语料标注质量理想.实验结果表明,该方法在保证训练语料标注质量理想的情况下,能够大幅度地减少人工参与.     

基于BCC的离合词离析形式自动识别研究

该文从中文信息处理角度对动宾型离合词自动识别进行研究。通过分析离合词在实际语料中的使用特点以及离合词离析成分在大规模语料库中的表现形式,从离合词内部入手,形式化地表示离合词的离析形式,总结自动识别的规则,设计基于规则的自动识别算法。经过优化后,该算法在20亿字的语料中达到了91.6%的正确率。离合词语素构词能力强,分词与词性标注错误,规则的不完整性,语料本身的错误,以及人工标注的疏漏等是影响实验结论的主要因素。     

基于属性标记的专有名词自动识别研究

提出了一种新的基于属性标记的专有名词统一识别方法。其基本思想是:根据专有名词的成词特点,利用标注语料库,设定词语属性作为标准属性重新进行标注,在此语料基础上进行专有名词成词结构、成词环境的实例提取,并采用基于转换的错误驱动方法对提取的实例进行适用规则提取。在提取的实例和规则的基础上进行属性标注,是一种基于转换的错误驱动规则自学习方法与基于实例的学习方法相结合的基于浅层句法分析的一种新的识别专有名词的方法。实验证明该方法在测试样本集上准确率达到95.3%,召回率达到92.5%,是一种有效的专有名词识别方法。     

中文文本词性自动校对系统的实现

提出了一种从正确标注的训练语料中自动获取兼类词词性较对规则的方法 ,并设计和实现了相应的词性自动校对系统。通过对中文文本进行自动校对 ,进一步提高其词性标注质量     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.