聚氨酯合成革绿色清洁化生产发展趋势分析与探讨

简要分析了我国合成革发展存在的问题和发展趋势,详细介绍了水性聚氨酯合成革、无溶剂聚氨酯合成革以及热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)合成革等绿色环保型合成革生产现状及存在的问题,对聚氨酯合成革绿色清洁化发展趋势进行展望,认为水性聚氨酯合成革具有良好的发展前景。     

聚氨酯合成革黄变问题的分析探讨

聚氨酯树脂作为合成革的主要原材料具有优异的物理机械性能,但是聚氨酯树脂容易黄变,造成聚氨酯合成革在使用中出现一些问题。为了解决聚氨酯合成革黄变问题,探讨了聚氨酯合成革黄变的机理及检测方法,并就提高聚氨酯合成革的耐黄变性能的方法进行了介绍。     

水性聚氨酯在超细纤维合成革贝斯制造中的应用研究

采用了水性聚氨酯浸渍超细纤维合成革基布的工艺制备水性聚氨酯超细纤维合成革贝斯,研究其微观结构的变化,同时探讨了水性聚氨酯浸渍量对水性聚氨酯超细纤维合成革贝斯力学性能、透气性及透水汽性能的影响。研究结果表明,水性聚氨酯的浸渍量是影响水性聚氨酯超细纤维合成革贝斯力学性能和卫生性能的主要因素,与溶剂型聚氨酯超细纤维合成革贝斯相比,水性聚氨酯超细纤维合成革贝斯的力学性能较弱,但是具有非常优异的透气性及透水汽性能。     

新型聚氨酯合成革

采用新型的变色聚氨酯树脂及其相关原材料制作出应力变色聚氨酯合成革。讨论了应力变色聚氨酯合成革变色效果的影响因素及解决方法,提出了应力变色合成革的生产工艺,该应力变色合成革具有自然的变色效果和良好的变色恢复性及耐划刻、耐挠曲性。     

无溶剂聚氨酯合成革技术的研究进展

无溶剂聚氨酯合成革在生产加工中无需加入有害溶剂,相较于溶剂型聚氨酯而言,其对环境更安全、生态更友好;比水性聚氨酯合成革更节能环保。但由于原料反应速度过快、不易控制,产品物性下降等方面的相关问题,导致其应用范围受限,因此完善无溶剂聚氨酯合成革生产工艺及提高产品的使用性能具有重要意义。通过对无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的发展现状和主要特点进行概述,着重总结了无溶剂聚氨酯合成革在合成工艺、高物性和阻燃性能等方面的国内外研究进展,并探讨了无溶剂聚氨酯合成革的发展趋势。     

水性聚氨酯合成革的加工机理与关键技术

论述了溶剂型聚氨酯合成革生产中存在的主要问题、水性聚氨酯的成膜机理和水性聚氨酯合成革加工的关键技术。     

“万华超纤”人工制革的耀眼明珠

烟台万华超纤股份有限公司座落于山东半岛黄海之滨的烟台市，是中国人工制革业耀眼的明珠。其自主研究开发的束状超细纤维聚氨酯合成革制造技术和系列产品，在国际人工制革领域击起轩然大波。烟台万华超纤股份有限公司是由烟台万华集团公司为主发起人，联合台湾等地５家企业共同组建的上市股份有限公司。主要从事超细纤维合成革、聚氨酯合成革、制革用聚氨酯树脂及助剂的开发、生产、销售。具有年产３００万平方米聚氨酯束状合成革、３００万平方米聚氨酯耦状纤维合成革、４５００吨粉末聚氨酯和与制革配套的精细化工产品的生产能力。是目前…     

非定岛超细纤维合成革基布加工过程中结构与性能的变化

对比了非定岛海岛纤维非织造布、非定岛海岛纤维/聚氨酯复合材料、非定岛超细纤维/聚氨酯复合材料和非定岛超细纤维合成革基布的微观结构和性能,研究了非定岛超细纤维合成革基布加工过程中结构和性能的变化,探讨了非定岛超细纤维合成革基布结构与性能的相关性。研究结果表明:非定岛超细纤维合成革基布由三维交织的非定岛超细纤维和具有微孔结构的聚氨酯填充体复合而成,非定岛超细纤维和聚氨酯填充体之间的离型度、聚氨酯填充体的开孔度和非定岛超细纤维的分散度,是影响超细纤维合成革基布吸水度、透气性、透水汽性、柔软度和力学性能的主要因素。     

专利文摘

正【名称】一种基于自修复水性聚氨酯的皮革/合成革及其制备方法【公开号】109252387A【申请人】四川大学【摘要】本发明公开了一种基于自修复水性聚氨酯的皮革/合成革及其制备方法,属于皮革制造领域。自修复水性聚氨酯皮革/合成革由具有自修复功能的水性聚氨酯作为涂层面层,合成该聚氨酯原料包括:二元醇、内交联剂、异氰酸酯、含二硫键的扩链剂、硅烷偶联剂等,采用预聚体法合成具有自修复功能的水性聚氨酯乳液,     

运动鞋用防水透气型聚氨酯合成革的制备及性能分析

在生活水平持续提升的趋势下，人们对于穿着舒适性要求也随之提高，对鞋类要求也开始朝向专业化、舒适化趋势发展。但是，传统合成革难以同时具备高物性与防水透气性，因此如何实现聚氨酯合成革防水透气性与高物性的有机结合，成为全球化合成革行业的一大技术课题。据此，通过分析运动鞋用聚氨酯合成革的性能要求，制备了运动鞋用防水透气型聚氨酯合成革，并对其性能进行了测试分析。结果表明，不同含量木质纤维素对于防水透气型聚氨酯合成革力学性能的显著影响主要体现于剥离强度方面；防水聚氨酯树脂相比普通聚氨酯树脂的吸水率较低，防水透气性能更佳。本文制备聚氨酯合成革的物理机械性能与防水透气性能均明显优于普通聚氨酯合成革。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.