Analytical solution for a circular roadway considering the transient effect of excavation unloading

The rocks surrounding a roadway exhibit some special and complex phenomena with increasing depth of excavation in underground engineering.Quasi-static analysis cannot adequately explain these engineering problems.The computational model of a circular roadway considering the transient effect of excavation unloading is established for these problems.The time factor makes the solution of the problem difficult.Thus,the computational model is divided into a dynamic model and a static model.The Laplace integral transform and inverse transform are performed to solve the dynamic model and elasticity theory is used to analyze the static model.The results from an example show that circumferential stress increases and radial stress decreases with time.The stress difference becomes large gradually in this progress.The displacement increases with unloading time and decreases with the radial depth of surrounding rocks.It can be seen that the development trend of unloading and displacement is similar by comparing their rates.Finally,the results of ANSYS are used to verify the analytical solution.The contrast indicates that the laws of the two methods are basically in agreement.Thus,the analysis can provide a reference for further study.     

Microscopic and dynamic rheological characteristics of crumb rubber modified asphalt

A test for crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20% crumb rubber particles(30 mesh) was performed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The experimental results indicate that the crumb rubber particles are evenly distributed in the asphalt.Shear rate sweep and shear-temperature sweep tests on the crumb rubber modified asphalt at-20-80 ℃ using a dynamic shear rheology(DSR) instrument,were carried out.The tests show that the complex modulus decreases with increasing temperature;at equivalent temperature,higher load frequencies lead to a larger complex modulus,and this value increasingly decreases as the temperature increases;the phase angle increases with temperature and decreases as the load frequency increases.It can be concluded that the rutting resistance limiting temperature of crumb rubber modified asphalt is 78 ℃,and the anti-fatigue limiting temperature is 16 ℃,which shows that the asphalt has preferable rutting resistance characteristics at high temperature,as well as anti-fatigue characteristics.In addition,the complex modulus master curve at different temperatures was plotted according to the time temperature equivalence principle,which allows the study of the dynamic state behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt at a wide range of load frequency.     

水润滑橡胶轴承动态刚度和阻尼测试方法研究

针对水润滑橡胶轴承动态刚度和阻尼测试过程中信号混杂等问题,采用了频谱分析法来测定其动力参数,从而有效避免来自外部环境中的信号干扰,使得试验结果更加准确、可靠。试验采用两次激振法对正置结构的水润滑橡胶轴承试验台进行两次不同频率激振,与以往的激振输入输出不同,该测试方法的输入量为位移激振,输出量为力,然后通过频谱分析法,计算出水润滑橡胶轴承的动力特性。最后,利用该方法研究了载荷和转速对水润滑橡胶轴承动力特性的影响。研究表明该方法能有效避免旋转轴涡动产生的径向不平衡力所造成的激振力难以准确控制等问题,提高了测试精度和准确度,为水润滑橡胶轴承动态刚度和阻尼测试提供了新手段。     

声-振动传感器隔震封装模型模态分析

运用振动隔离原理设计声-振动传感器系统中声音传感器的两种隔震封装模型：传统式隔震封装模型和双J形隔震封装模型．运用ANSYS有限元分析软件对模型进行模态分析,得出两种封装模型的固有频率与模型尺寸参数的关系曲线．分析结果表明,双J形隔震封装模型的固有频率明显低干传统的隔震封装模型的固有频率,双J形隔震封装模型尺寸参数为R=1．6mm,r=1．2mm,H=8mm时,其固有频率为：左右振动模式f21=30．900Hz,前后振动模式f22=105．99Hz,上下振动模式f23=130．84Hz．     

曲线钢-混凝土组合梁桥的跨度与桥梁刚度及设计跨高比相关关系

目的结合算例对组合梁进行研究,为相关工程应用提供参考,以期使结构截面尺寸减小,刚度增加,稳定性和耐久性增强,动力性能改善．方法以北京南站进站立交-曲线型分联为基础,使用通用有限元软件ANSYS,在ANSYS中建立了整体有限元模型,通过改变跨度分析计算,研究了跨度与整体刚度以及跨高比之间的关系．结果通过结合算例分析计算,得出了静力作用下组合梁桥的位移、设计跨高比随着跨度的变化关系．和不同跨度影响下的位移分布．结论通过分析计算得出,随着跨度的增加,位移呈非线性增长趋势,跨中转角也呈非线性增长趋势;跨高比呈先增加后减小的趋势;对于该曲线形式的组合梁,存在最优跨度,在此时结构的跨高比最大,结构的设计最为合理．     

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading were studied. The effects of initial static load on the total energy dissipated during the failure process of specimen were analyzed. To simulate the engineering situation that in-situ rock experienced and obtain the dynamic loading with an intermediate strain rate, a low cycle fatigue load with the frequency from 0.5 to 5 Hz was adopted by servo-controlled Instron material testing system. The results show that the obtained strain rate increase with the increase of load frequency. The initial static load has great influence on both the energy and dynamic response of rock. Both the energy and the maximum failure load Pf decreases with the increase of initial static load. Pf under the static-dynamic loading is larger than that under only the static loading but less than that under only the dynamic loading. The load-displacement curves become nonlinear as the pre-added static load reaches the transition point which is about one third of static strength. With the increase of initial static load, Young‘s modulus decreases and poisson ratio increases. It shows that rock has a lower strength and a tendency to soften under a higher initial static load. Rock may be broken more easily static-dynamic loading than under only the dynamic loading. The proposed method is useful in the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock under quasi-dynamic loading.     

框架结构动静响应组合的有限元分析

框架结构在静力作用下产生位移,在静平衡位置再输入地震波.比较动静组合下质点水平位移时程反应与动力直接作用下质点水平位移时程反应.算例表明静力作用产生的初始位移在动力响应中需要考虑,动静响应组合的位移曲线更符合实际情况.     

8 MW风机塔筒振动响应分析

为获取8 MW风机塔筒的振动响应特性,建立了塔筒的有限元分析模型,对塔筒开展了模态分析、谐响应分析和瞬态响应分析。模态分析结果表明,塔筒的前四阶模态振型均为弯曲振动,风机工作在额定转速时,塔筒不会发生共振。谐响应分析结果表明,当载荷频率为0～2 Hz时,塔筒频域响应曲线存在2个共振频率,分别对应塔筒的第一阶模态频率、第三阶模态频率;塔筒发生三阶共振时,塔筒顶部Z向的位移超过4.5 m,已处于非安全工作状态,在工作中要避免出现。瞬态响应分析结果表明,在允许的工作风速范围内,塔筒的最大位移和最大应力变化不明显;在极限载荷工况下,塔筒的最大位移和最大应力显著增加,塔筒不会发生强度失效。     

正交异性材料平台巴西圆盘试样的位移公式及其应用

巴西圆盘试样广泛用于地质材料的力学性能测试。改进后的平台巴西圆盘克服了集中力产生应力集中的缺点,正交异性材料则是对各向同性材料的推广,在这样的背景下提出正交异性巴西圆盘试样的压缩位移公式。用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟正交异性岩石的巴西圆盘试样的对径压缩实验;利用有限元分析结果对正交异性平台位移压缩公式进行精度检验,并用半经验半解析的方法,对该公式进行局部的修改,修改后的公式在岩石材料的正交异性指数的整个范围的总体评价上,误差小于6%,具有更好的计算精度。最后,描述了平台巴西圆盘位移公式的应用,通过对正交异性岩石平台巴西圆盘试样进行两个正交方向的两种加载角的对径压缩试验,记录载荷位移曲线,可由初始直线段的斜率倒数来确定正交异性材料的各个弹性参数,包括杨氏模量、泊松比和剪切弹性模量。     

材料填充对开槽轴承接触力与润滑性能的影响

轴承滚道界面的润滑状态及接触力对轴承寿命的影响十分显著,为提高圆柱滚子轴承寿命,提出了在轴承外圈开槽填充弹性体的方法。采用有限元法计算了不同槽宽及丁晴橡胶、尼龙1010、硬铝合金和紫铜四种填充材料对轴承内滚道和滚子接触力的影响。在此基础上,建立了考虑圆柱滚子轴承真实表面粗糙度混合润滑数学模型,分析了不同转速下不同填充材料对轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明：轴承外圈开槽并填充弹性体对轴承的润滑状态和接触力影响显著;最大受载滚子与内滚道的接触力随着填充材料弹性模量的减小而减小,采用丁晴橡胶和尼龙1010填充材料可明显增加滚子接触个数,有效降低接触力。转速的增加会使油膜变厚、摩擦系数、接触载荷比、接触面积比、最大接触应力减小,采用丁晴橡胶填充材料轴承润滑性能最好。     

橡胶水泥土模量与泊松比的变化规律

为了研究水泥掺量、橡胶粉掺量、橡胶粉粒径等因素对橡胶水泥土力学指标的影响规律,配比制作了橡胶水泥土试块,测定了纵横两个方向应力应变曲线,通过计算得到了橡胶水泥土的弹性模量、变形模量和泊松比.试验结果表明:随着橡胶粉掺量的增加,橡胶水泥土模量呈降低趋势,其降低速率递减;随着水泥掺量的增大,橡胶水泥土模量增高,但增量基本呈递减趋势.橡胶水泥土模量介于弹性上限Voigt模型和下限Reuss模型之间.橡胶水泥土的泊松比随着橡胶粉掺量的增加而增加.通过合理控制橡胶粉掺量,能够改善水泥土的力学性能,进而达到改良水泥土的目的.     

Experiment research on mechanical behavior of the aluminum laminate in the low-high temperature

Aluminum laminate is one kind of the rigidizable composite materials and plays an important role in construction of the inflatable space structure(ISS),which has potential application in space in the future.But the study of the predecessors mainly focuses on the research of the mechanical behavior in the room temperature,for this reason,mechanical properties of the aluminum laminate in low-high temperature have been studied in this paper.The failure mechanism of the aluminum laminate is also analyzed in the microscopic view by JCXA-T33 electron probe.The results show uhat the temperature has significant influence on the strength and Young's modulus of the aluminum laminate.With the increase of temperature,both the strength and Young's modulus of the aluminum laminate decrease.A model between Young's modulus of the aluminum laminate and temperatures is obtained by using Arrhenius equation.The predicted values by the model agree well with the experiment values.     

用于较大水平位移测量的电阻应变式位移传感器

针对目前位移传感器很难直接测得木结构或木构件在转动中产生较大绝对水平位移的问题,研制了量程为±500 mm的电阻应变式位移传感器（WD位移传感器）,应用正交试验法分析WD位移传感器的影响因素,并对其进行设计与制作,拟合了传感器在不同量程下应变位移的分段函数关系,通过计算得出了WD位移传感器的6种静态参数指标。试验结果表明,WD位移传感器克服了传统电阻应变式位移传感器量程小的问题,解决了木结构或木构件发生非直线运动很难直接测得绝对水平位移的问题,且各静态参数指标良好。     

环境温度对SMA–LRB隔震桥梁地震响应的影响

为减小地震作用下桥梁的最大响应及残余变形,结合铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)及形状记忆合金(SMA)的优点,组合形成具有自复位能力的SMA-LRB支座。针对橡胶和SMA材料的温度敏感性问题,基于一座4跨SMA-LRB隔震连续梁桥,考虑SMA-LRB支座在不同环境温度下的力学特性,对不同环境温度下的隔震连续梁桥进行非线性动力时程分析,得到结构关键部位的动力响应。结果表明:LRB上加设SMA可有效控制支座的位移响应,且SMA自复位特性使其对残余位移的控制效果显著;随着环境温度的降低,LRB和SMA-LRB两种支座的峰值位移和残余位移均随之而减小,但SMA-LRB支座对位移控制能力和自复位能力较常温有所降低;支座刚度随着环境温度减小而增大,致使桥墩墩顶位移和墩底剪力也随之增大,且较低墩的墩底剪力对温度变化更加敏感。     

Design and test of pneumatic artificial muscle driven variable trailing-edge camber wing

A variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is developed in this paper. Firstly, the experimental setup to measure the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle is designed and the relationship between the static output force and the air pressure is investigated. Experimental results show that the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle decreases nonlinearly with the increase of contraction ratio. Secondly, the model of variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is manufactured to validate the variable camber concept. Finally, wind tunnel tests are conducted in the low speed wind tunnel. It is found that the wing camber increases with the increase of air pressure. When the air pressure of PAMs is 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa, the tip displacement of the trailing-edge is 3 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The lift of aerofoil with flexible trailing-edge increases by 87% at AOA of 5°.     

双层预紧式六维力传感器动态性能的理论与实验研究

对一种新型的双层预紧式六维力传感器进行了动态性能理论分析与实验研究。首先介绍了双层预紧式六维力传感器的结构特点。建立了该传感器的振动系统简化模型,基于螺旋理论和多自由度系统振动学推导了系统的运动微分方程。经过对运动微分方程进行求解,得到了传感器的各阶固有频率。最后采用阶跃响应法对传感器样机进行动态性能实验研究,经过快速傅里叶变换得到了传感器的频率响应曲线。实验结果与理论计算结果一致,从而验证了理论推导的正确性。研究结果表明,双层预紧式六维力传感器的动态性能较好,能够满足一般工业生产中对六维力测量的要求。     

一种新型灵敏度可调式光纤光栅传感器

以光纤光栅为敏感组件,设计了一种嵌入式等强度悬臂梁结构的灵敏度可调式光纤光栅传感器．将传统的感测片长度固定的传感器架构设计为感测片部分嵌入主架构的传感器,通过改变悬臂梁感测片长度来达到灵敏度调节的效果．由理论分析和振动、位移灵敏度调节实验验证,此传感器装置可以达到调节灵敏度的效果,而且可调节范围较广．     

基于数值试验的嵌岩桩横向承载力研究

采用有限元法对横向受荷嵌岩桩的现场试验加荷过程进行数值试验,获得和现场试验的加载范围内结果一致的荷载－位移曲线,验证了数值模型的合理性。并采用数值模型开展数值试验加载直至破坏,从而获得完整的荷载－位移曲线。基于已有的地基反力模量Ki 的解答方法,对现场试验数据进行回归分析,得出了荷载-位移曲线初始斜率Kh求解的经验公式,给出横向受荷嵌岩桩荷载-位移曲线的双曲线函数理论计算方法。通过与现场试验曲线的对比,验证了所提出方法的准确性。采用常用的四种横向受荷嵌岩桩承载力计算方法,对经过数值试验扩展的水平荷载-桩顶位移曲线开展分析,对不同方法的适用性进行了比较,建议采用双曲线函数法对横向受荷嵌岩桩的承载力进行计算。     

垂直护岸板桩桩身变形数值模拟研究

采用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立垂直护岸板桩数值分析模型,研究板桩的弹性模量、波浪的波高和波长对桩身水平位移的影响。研究结果表明:垂直护岸板桩向临水侧位移,随着桩的入土深度增加,桩身位移先增大后减小,在深度13 m以下位移较小。板桩的弹性模量对桩身水平位移的影响较小,在其它条件相同的情况下,随着板桩的弹性模量增大,桩身水平位移从桩顶到深度为13 m处逐渐减小,弹性模量对深度13 m以下的板桩水平位移影响较小。波浪的波高和波长对深度0 m到13 m范围内板桩的水平位移影响较大,对深度13 m以下的板桩水平位移影响较小。在其它条件相同的情况下,随着波高的增大,桩身最大位移点处的深度逐渐增大,桩身水平位移从桩顶到深度为13 m处逐渐减小。随着波长的增大,桩身水平位移从桩顶到深度为13 m处逐渐减小。     

大高宽比橡胶垫隔震结构振动台试验研究(1)

介绍了相似比为5、高宽比为3.1的模型结构振动台试验结果及初步分析.首先介绍了铅芯橡胶垫的隔震设计及橡胶垫静力研究结果,橡胶垫隔震模型结构振动台试验的试验计划,给出了8度多个地震波作用下的试验结果.试验结果的分析表明,模型结构在8度E l-Centro波罕遇地震作用下,位移和加速度反应都很大.橡胶垫在垂直方向的刚度已经进入到非线性阶段,橡胶垫存在承载力失效的危险,且模型竖向颠动和水平晃动现象都很严重,被迫停止试验,说明隔震结构在高烈度地震作用下是存在倾覆危险的.