共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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对ISO 10634-1995“水质———水介质中用于难溶有机物生物降解性能评价水溶液的制备与处理指南”推荐的方法进行逐一筛选,以期建立油溶性表面活性剂生物降解度测定的标准方法。实验结果表明,将油溶性表面活性剂超声乳化后,制备成粒径200 nm~300 nm乳液后,立即分散于水体系中进行降解,结果重复性较好,并且不影响油溶性表面活性剂生物降解度。用该方法对常见的油溶性表面活性剂的生物降解度进行了测定,结果表明大部分油溶性表面活性剂具有很好的生物降解性能;其降解规律与水溶性表面活性剂类似,疏水链长决定油溶性表面活性剂的生物降解性能,而亲水基团影响其生物降解速度。 相似文献
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表面活性剂生物降解和光降解技术研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
表面活性剂的生物降解和光降解技术正受到越来越多的关注。介绍了该两项技术在国内外的研究现状;讨论了表面活性剂生物降解和光降解的研究成果;并对近几年发展起来的表面活性剂光催化降解的催化剂、工艺组合作了简要介绍。提出了表面活性剂生物降解和光降解的今后研究方向。 相似文献
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N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA)的生物降解性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用活性环氧中间体失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵合成了一种阳离子双酯表面活性剂——N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA),来代替传统的难降解的表面活性剂型柔软剂,如目前国内仍在大量使用的双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821)。对CDESA的好氧降解性能进行了研究:以天然环境中的生活沉降污泥作为微生物源,用河水稀释,经培养、驯化后用于测试降解时间和半衰期,并与D1821的好氧降解性能作了对比。结果表明,CDESA的半衰期为3 d,容易降解,而D1821半衰期为7 d,较难降解,CDESA生物降解性能优于D1821。 相似文献
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《中国洗涤用品工业》2017,(8)
简述了表面活性剂对环境的影响及研究进展。着重讨论了表面活性剂的研究方法及表征,各种生物降解过程、降解机理和影响表面活性剂生物降解的因素。并对表面活性剂的安全性及毒性、温和性及对皮肤和黏膜的刺激性进行了简要介绍。 相似文献
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The primary aerobic biodegradation of several cationic and amphoteric surfactants has been studied by using the shaking-flask
degradation test and orange II spectrophotometric analysis. The results show that cationic and amphoteric surfactants can
be readily biodegraded, with their degradation exceeding 94%. The degradation kinetics can be accurately described by the
Boltzmann model. The relationship between structure and biodegradability is discussed. The presence of hydrophobic groups
has a strong effect on the biodegradability of these surfactants. Biodegradability decreases with increasing chain length.
The presence of hydrophilic groups mainly affects the degradation rate of these surfactants, but not their ultimate biodegradeability.
Bio-degradability is deterred and degradation is slowed as steric hindrance increases. Degradation rates increase markedly
when hydrophilic groups containing an amide bond are pres-ent. 相似文献
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表面活性剂在微生物降解石油中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石油污染日益严重,利用微生物降解石油是一种经济有效的石油污染治理方法.石油中低水溶性、强吸附性的组分,不利于微生物降解,添加表面活性剂是提高石油生物可利用性的常用方法.综述了近年来表面活性剂在石油的微生物降解中的应用研究进展,分析了选择合适的表面活性剂时应考虑的因素. 相似文献
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随着日常和工业中对阴离子表面活性剂需求的日益增加,阴离子表面活性剂对水体的污染也越来越严重,寻求有效降解途径迫在眉睫。本文对各种阴离子表面活性剂生物降解法进行了综述。 相似文献
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微生物降解是磺酰脲类除草剂降解的重要途径之一。笔者对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解途径及影响微生物降解的因素进行了分析,对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解的研究现状做了简要综述,提出了微生物降解领域的发展趋势和有待解决的问题。 相似文献
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Yi‐Tang Chang Jiunn‐Fwu Lee Chun‐Hsiung Hung 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2007,82(5):442-452
The influence of two non‐ionic surfactant additives (Triton X‐100 and Brij 35) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation was evaluated using the chemical molecular interaction method, which is based on the theory of cohesive energy density (CED). The results indicated that PAHs have relatively higher CED values because aromatic compounds with labile π are more polarized and this encourages molecular attractions involving induced dipole force. Under different PAH‐surfactant compositions, similar CED values, which facilitated their intermolecular attractions through π–π electron interactions, gave rise to a similar biodegradation pattern. For example, when induced enzymes were able to target the same molecular bonding on the PAH and Triton X‐100, rapid degradation rates were observed in both systems. The distribution of the PAH in the monomer or micelle surfactant bulk affected the rate of PAH biodegradation. Quantification of the bacterial activity by applying specific oxygen uptake requirements (SOUR) identified an effect involving chemical molecular interaction. Changes in the physiological characteristics as measured by BioLog GN microplate measurements were identifiable and also could be related to the chemical structure of the dual substrates. Community‐level physiological profiling (CLPP) changed when PAH biodegradation took place in the presence of the different surfactants. Cluster analysis using matching coefficient and carbon degradation potential values also varied with the different PAH‐surfactant compositions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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研究了化学降解、热降解、生物降解及紫外光降解等对甲醛交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)/麦草碱木质素发泡材料(PLFM)的力学性能和表观密度等物理性能的影响,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TG/DTG)等方法探讨了降解前后PLFM结构的变化。结果表明:当PLFM中碱木质素质量分数为20%时,经化学、热(150℃)、生物及紫外光降解后,拉伸强度由22.64MPa分别降为5.65、9.05、7.43和7.64 MPa,降解率分别为75.09%、60.02%、67.18%、66.25%。SEM图表明,化学降解和生物降解对PLFM闭孔结构破坏严重,紫外光降解和热降解对PLFM闭孔破坏轻微。化学降解和生物降解后,表观密度从0.183 7g/cm3分别增加到0.216 4g/cm3和0.210 4g/cm3;紫外光降解和热降解后,表观密度分别从0.183 7 g/cm3降为0.177 4和0.176 6 g/cm3。此外,FT-IR和TG/DTG分析表明:经化学、热、生物及紫外光降解后PLFM分子结构均有不同程度破坏,化学降解对PLFM结构的破坏最为严重。 相似文献